RU2370856C2 - Concentrator photoelectric module - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to the field of solar power engineering. Concentrator photoelectric module comprises frontal panel (3) side walls (1) and back panel (2), primary and secondary optical concentrators and solar photo cells (9) with heat removal elements (10). Primary optical concentrators are arranged in the form of contacting lenses arranged in the form of back surface of frontal panel (3). Secondary optical concentrators are arranged in the form of hollow tetrahedral equilateral truncated pyramids (8).

EFFECT: invention provides relatively low cost at high efficiency of solar radiation conversion into electric energy, due to simplified technology for manufacturing of its elements and assembly of module itself.

13 cl, 10 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of solar energy, in particular to concentrator solar photovoltaic modules, used, for example, in terrestrial solar power plants intended for autonomous power supply systems in various climatic zones.

One of the most promising methods for generating electricity from renewable sources is the photovoltaic conversion of concentrated solar radiation using expensive high-performance multi-stage solar cells and inexpensive optical concentrators. The use of optical concentrators providing a degree of concentration of solar radiation of 500-1000 times, having high optical efficiency, allows to achieve high efficiency of conversion of solar radiation into electricity and reduce the total area of solar cells in proportion to the multiplicity of concentration of solar radiation. Optical concentrators can increase the conversion efficiency of solar radiation, but the cost-effectiveness of the photovoltaic module depends on the contribution of their cost to the total cost of the module, the degree of complexity of their manufacture and assembly of the module, and the magnitude of the lifetime.

A known solar concentrator solar photovoltaic module (see application US No. 20070089778, IPC H02N 6/00, published April 26, 2007) containing side walls and a front panel with a plurality of pairs of axial-symmetric axisymmetric curvilinear mirrors mounted on its back, focusing solar radiation on photocells installed on the back panel. The disadvantage of the known module in the complexity of manufacturing two reflective optical elements with the necessary accuracy of the profile.

A known solar photovoltaic module (see application WO No. 2006128417, IPC H01L 31/052, published December 7, 2006) comprising side walls and a front translucent panel with the first elements focusing solar radiation on its rear side, a translucent intermediate panel with second focusing solar radiation elements and a back panel with solar photocells. A disadvantage of the known module is that the presence of an intermediate translucent panel increases the cost of the known module.

Known solar concentrator photovoltaic module (see patent RU No. 44002, IPC H01L 31/00, published 02/10/2005) containing side walls and a front panel of silicate glass with Fresnel lenses on its rear side, as well as a rear panel of silicate glass with solar photocells and heat sink bases on its front side. An intermediate panel of silicate glass is installed between the front and rear panels, on the front side of which there are flat-convex lenses aligned with the corresponding Fresnel lenses. The distance between the intermediate panel and the heat-removing bases is greater than the thickness of the photocells, but does not exceed the difference between the focal lengths of plano-convex lenses and the thickness of the intermediate panel. Using the side walls of the module, parallelism of the front and back panels is ensured, as well as their arrangement relative to each other, taking into account ensuring accurate focusing.

The well-known solar concentrator photovoltaic module has high technical characteristics, but the technological process of its manufacture is quite complicated.

Known solar concentrator photovoltaic module designed for solar concentration control (see US patent No. 6653551, class H01L 31/052, published 11.25.2003), containing many solar electric concentrators with a four-stage solar radiation concentration system. Each solar electric hub includes a first optical hub in the form of a Fresnel lens mounted on the front panel and concentrating solar radiation five to ten times, a second optical hub in the form of a Fresnel lens mounted on the intermediate panel, and a third optical hub in the form of a parabolic hub located under the first concentrator on the rear panel and concentrating solar radiation twenty to fifty times, and the fourth optical concentrator in the form of glass lens. Under the fourth optical hub is a multi-junction solar cell.

The well-known solar concentrator photovoltaic module has high efficiency, but its efficiency is low due to the cost of an additional fourth hub, and also because of the need to accurately install four optical concentrators coaxially when assembling the structure.

The closest to the claimed technical solution for the combination of essential features is a solar photovoltaic module designed for solar concentration control (see US patent No. 6717045, class H01L 31/052, published 04/06/2004), containing many solar electric concentrators with a three-stage solar concentration system radiation. Each solar electric hub includes a first optical hub in the form of a Fresnel lens mounted on the front panel, concentrating solar radiation five to ten times, a second optical hub in the form of a parabolic hub located under the first hub on the intermediate panel and concentrating solar radiation in twenty-fifty times, and a third optical hub in the form of a glass lens. Under the third optical hub is a multi-junction solar cell.

The use of a three-stage solar radiation concentration system in a solar concentrator photovoltaic module prototype complicates the manufacturing process and, as a result, increases its cost.

The objective of the proposed technical solution was the development of a concentrator photovoltaic module, which would have, at high efficiency, the conversion of solar radiation into electricity, a relatively low cost due to the simplification of the manufacturing technology of its elements and assembly of the module itself.

The problem is solved in that the concentrator photovoltaic module comprises a monolithic front panel, side walls and a rear panel, primary optical concentrators in the form of contacting lenses formed in the form of the rear surface of the front panel. Secondary optical concentrators are made in the form of hollow tetrahedral equilateral truncated pyramids of sheet aluminum and are mounted on a photosensitive surface of solar photocells with heat sink elements placed on the front surface of the rear panel coaxially with the corresponding primary optical concentrators. Primary optical hubs form a whole with the front panel and are formed, for example, when molding silicate glass under pressure, which simplifies the process of their manufacture and installation. Secondary optical concentrators - hollow tetrahedral equilateral truncated pyramids - provide the necessary multiplicity of concentration of solar radiation and improve the disorientation characteristic of the module, have a low cost.

The thickness of the front panel is selected taking into account the provision of its specified strength and a given focal length of the primary concentrators.

The lenses of the primary optical concentrators are made in the form of plane-convex lenses with a focal length F equal to 3-12 cm. At F less than 3 cm, the magnitude of losses due to reflection of radiation increases. With F greater than 12 cm, the height of the module becomes excessively large and the complexity of assembly of the module increases.

Flat-convex lenses can have a plan in the form of a square with a length l _{to the} sides of 2-4 cm.

Flat-convex lenses can also have in plan the shape of a regular hexagon with a length l _w sides 12-25 mm.

The lenses of the primary optical concentrators can be Fresnel lenses with a focal length of 7-20 cm and have a square shape in plan with a length l _{to the} sides of 5-8 cm.

Fresnel lenses can have in plan the shape of a regular hexagon with a length l _w sides 3-5 cm.

The height h _{p of the} truncated pyramids is selected in the range of 3-15 mm. When h _p less than 3 mm increases the complexity of the technology of manufacturing the pyramids and the assembly of the module. With h _p greater than 15 mm, the surface of the pyramid onto which the radiation falls is not fully used.

The length l _{l of the} diagonal of the larger base of the pyramids is 3-28 mm. When d _l less than 3 mm increases the complexity of the technology of manufacturing focons and assembly of the module. When d _{l is} greater than 28 mm, the surface of the focon onto which the radiation falls is not fully used.

The length l _{m of the} diagonal of the smaller base of the pyramids is selected in the range 1.4-5.7 mm. When l _m less than 1.4 mm increases the complexity of the technology of manufacturing focons. When l _m more than 5.7 mm, the multiplicity of concentration by focon will be insufficient.

The lenses of primary optical concentrators can be made in the form of plane-convex lenses with a focal length F equal to 3-12 cm. At F less than 3 cm, the magnitude of losses due to reflection of radiation increases. With F greater than 12 cm, the height of the module becomes excessively large and the complexity of assembly of the module increases.

Flat-convex lenses can have a plan in the form of a square with a length l _{to the} sides of 2-4 cm.

Flat-convex lenses can also have in plan the shape of a regular hexagon with a length l _w sides 12-25 mm.

The lenses of the primary optical concentrators can be Fresnel lenses with a focal length of 7-20 cm and have a square shape in plan with a length l _{to the} sides of 5-8 cm.

Fresnel lenses can have in plan the shape of a regular hexagon with a length l _w sides 3-5 cm.

Larger or smaller bases of tetrahedral equilateral truncated pyramids can be covered with silicate glass plates to isolate the solar cell from the internal environment of the module.

Variants of the claimed solar photovoltaic module are illustrated by drawings, where

figure 1 schematically shows a cross section of a solar photovoltaic module with square plano-convex lenses in a perspective view;

figure 2 schematically shows a cross section of a solar photovoltaic module with regular hexagonal Fresnel lenses in a perspective view;

figure 3 schematically shows a cross section of a solar photovoltaic module with square Fresnel lenses in a perspective view;

figure 4 schematically shows a cross section of a solar photovoltaic module with regular hexagonal plane-convex lenses in a perspective view;

figure 5 shows a side view in section in the first embodiment of a tetrahedral equilateral truncated pyramid;

figure 6 shows a top view of the first embodiment of a tetrahedral equilateral truncated pyramid;

7 shows a side view in section in a second embodiment of a tetrahedral equilateral truncated pyramid;

on Fig shows a top view of a second variant of a tetrahedral equilateral truncated pyramid;

figure 9 shows a side view in section in a third embodiment of a tetrahedral equilateral truncated pyramid;

figure 10 shows a top view of a third embodiment of a tetrahedral equilateral truncated pyramid.

The inventive solar photovoltaic module (see Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4) comprises side walls 1 made of silicate glass, a rear panel 2 and a monolithic front panel 3, on the rear surface of which are contacted with each other primary optical hubs. Primary optical concentrators can be made in the form of square plano-convex lenses 4 (see Fig. 1) or square Fresnel lenses 5 (see Fig. 3), as well as in the form of regular hexagonal plano-convex lenses 6 (see Fig. 4) or correct hexagonal Fresnel lenses 7 (see figure 2). Secondary optical hubs are made in the form of hollow tetrahedral equilateral truncated pyramids 8 (see FIG. 5, FIG. 6, FIG. 7, FIG. 8, FIG. 9, FIG. 10) of aluminum sheet mounted on a smaller base on photosensitive surfaces of solar photocells 9 with heat-removing elements-bases 10 placed on the front surface of the rear panel 2 coaxially with the corresponding primary optical concentrators. The height h _{p of the} truncated pyramids 8 lies in the range of 3-15 mm. Length 1 _| the diagonal of the larger base of the pyramids 8 is 3-28 mm. The length of 1 _{w of the} diagonal of the smaller base of the pyramids 8 is 1.4-5.7 mm. Larger or smaller bases of tetrahedral equilateral truncated pyramids can be covered with plates 11 (see Fig. 7, Fig. 8), 12 (see Fig. 9, Fig. 10) made of silicate glass. Flat-convex lenses 4, 6 have a focal length F within 3-12 cm. Flat-convex lenses 4 have a length l _{to the} sides of 2-4 cm. Flat-convex lenses 6 have a length l _{w of the} sides of 12-25 mm. Fresnel lenses 5, 7 have a focal length of 7-20 cm. Fresnel lenses 5 have a length l _{to the} sides of 5-8 cm. Fresnel lenses 7 have a length l _{w of the} side 3-5 cm. In the lateral opposite walls 1 of the photovoltaic module, holes 13 are made for communication with the environment of the internal space of the module. Solar photocells 9 attached to the heat sink base 10 are sealed against environmental influences by secondary silicate glass concentrators mounted on the photocells 9. Communication with the environment of the interior of the module in which silicate glass concentrators are located that do not change their properties under the influence of moisture, eliminates the occurrence of pressure drops between the internal volume of the module and the atmosphere, thus avoiding the occurrence of strong mechanical stresses design.

When the claimed variants of solar photovoltaic modules are oriented perpendicular to the sun's rays, plano-convex lenses 4, 6 (or Fresnel lenses 5, 7), as well as secondary optical concentrators, concentrate sunlight and focus it on the photosensitive surfaces of solar photovoltaic cells 9. Solar photovoltaic cells 9 transform energy of light quanta into electric, creating a potential difference at its contacts. Electricity generated by the module is supplied to an external consumer or energy storage device.

Claims (13)

1. A concentrator photovoltaic module including a monolithic front panel, side walls and a rear panel, primary optical concentrators in the form of contacting lenses formed in the form of the rear surface of the front panel, secondary optical concentrators in the form of hollow tetrahedral equilateral truncated pyramids made of sheet aluminum and installed on a smaller base on the photosensitive surfaces of solar photocells with heat-removing elements placed on f ontalnoy surface of the rear panel coaxially corresponding primary optical concentrator, the height h _p of the truncated pyramids is 3-15 mm, the length _l l diagonally their greater base is 3-28 mm and their minor base diagonal length l _m is 1.4-5.7 mm. 2. The concentrator photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that the lenses of the primary optical concentrators are plano-convex lenses with a focal length F of 3-12 cm. 3. The concentrator photovoltaic module according to claim 2, characterized in that the plano-convex lenses are square in plan. 4. The concentrator photovoltaic module according to claim 3, characterized in that the length l _{to the} side of the square is 2-4 cm. 5. The concentrator photovoltaic module according to claim 2, characterized in that the plano-convex lenses have the shape of a regular hexagon in plan. 6. The concentrator photovoltaic module according to claim 5, characterized in that the length l _{W of the} side of the regular hexagon is 12-25 mm. 7. The concentrator photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that the lenses of the primary optical concentrators are Fresnel lenses with a focal length of 7-20 cm. 8. The concentrator photovoltaic module according to claim 7, characterized in that the Fresnel lenses are square in plan. 9. The concentrator photovoltaic module according to claim 8, characterized in that the length l _{to the} side of the square is 5-8 cm. 10. The concentrator photovoltaic module according to claim 7, characterized in that the Fresnel lenses have the shape of a regular hexagon in plan. 11. The concentrator photoelectric module according to claim 10, characterized in that the length l _{W of the} side of the regular hexagon is 3-5 cm. 12. The concentrator photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the large bases of tetrahedral equilateral truncated pyramids are covered with silicate glass plates. 13. The concentrator photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the smaller bases of tetrahedral equilateral truncated pyramids are covered with silicate glass plates.

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