RU2368917C1 - Method of forming images in multichannel radio-thermal locator station and radar station - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to passive and active radar, more specifically to radio-thermal locator (RTL) and radar stations (RS) for surveillance of ground and airborne objects based on mobile or stationary carrier stations with antenna arrays. The proposed method lies in that, during surveillance of the ground or airborne environment using a scanning multichannel antenna in form of an array of nonradiating elements for maintenance of the scanned area, a complete window is used when processing data, which corresponds to the size of the scanned area. The number of measurement channels is increased and the obtained measurements are processed. As a result, a matrix of the amplitude image of the scanned area is obtained, with increase in resolution of angular coordinates by several times.

EFFECT: wider area for clear vision to the scope of the radio-thermal locator station and radar station, as well as increased accuracy and speed of operation when displaying images of ground or airborne environment.

Description

The invention relates to passive and active radar, and in particular to radiolocation and radar stations (RTLS, radar) for monitoring ground and air objects based on moving or fixed carriers of stations with antenna arrays (multi-beam, multi-sensor antenna systems) [1], [2, p. 9-11].

When observing RTLS or radar for ground or air conditions, line-by-line scanning of the antenna of the field of view is carried out with a continuous shift of the antenna line of sight in azimuth and elevation [1, pp. 71-73], [2-5]. In this case, a two-dimensional radio image of ground or air objects is formed against the background of the surrounding environment. The clarity of the image and the accuracy of determining the angular coordinates of objects with this method of image formation is limited by the width of the antenna pattern (BOTTOM). There is a problem of increasing the resolution of RTLS or radar in the corners due to the algorithmic processing of the received image. Known methods for increasing the resolution of the angular coordinates of the scanning radar in the "real beam" [4, 5], which can also be used to increase the resolution of the scanning RTLS. However, these methods have drawbacks - the loss of image information around the perimeter of the field of view and the limited accuracy of image recovery due to the small number of measuring channels.

The closest in technical essence is a way to increase the resolution in angular coordinates [5], which consists in restoring the image matrix in a given range of ranges and reduces to the following operations.

1. The line of sight of the radar antenna is successively shifted in azimuth and elevation, respectively, by the value of the (2n + 1) th and (2m + 1) th parts of the bottom width of the bottom of the line in the line of sight. The DND width at the level of 0.5 power in the axial section is 2n + 1 azimuth sampling elements and 2m + 1 azimuth sampling elements.

,

, а амплитуды на выходе второго канала y₂(i,j) помещают в матрицу измерений Y₂ с элементами y₂(ij),

,

.2. The amplitudes of the reflected signals obtained at each i, jth position of the beam at the output of the first channel y ₁ (i, j) are placed in the measurement matrix Y ₁ with elements y ₁ (i, j),

,

and the amplitudes at the output of the second channel y ₂ (i, j) are placed in the measurement matrix Y ₂ with elements y ₂ (ij),

,

.

,

искомой матрицы изображения Х строится плавающее окно ограниченного размера (2m₁+1)×(2n₁+1), m₁>m, n₁>n. Амплитуды y_k(i+i₁,j+j₁), k=1, 2, взятые в этом окне при

,

, суммируют по i₁ и j₁ с весовыми коэффициентами h_k(i₁,j₁), k=1, 2, расчет которых осуществляют заранее по методу наименьших квадратов (МНК). В результате получают оценку3. Regarding each i, jth element x (i, j),

,

of the desired image matrix X, a floating window of a limited size (2m ₁ +1) × (2n ₁ +1), m ₁ > m, n ₁ > n, is constructed. Amplitudes y _k (i + i ₁ , j + j ₁ ), k = 1, 2, taken in this window for

,

are summed over i ₁ and j ₁ with weight coefficients h _k (i ₁ , j ₁ ), k = 1, 2, which are calculated in advance using the least squares method (least squares method). The result is an estimate

the desired image in the Central element of the window for the number of channels K = 2.

,

,

располагают в составе (I-2m₁)×(J-2n₁) - матрицы

, которая представляет восстановленное изображение в i,j-x синтезированных элементах разрешения по азимуту и углу места.4. Obtained by the totality i, jx of the provisions of the beam estimates

,

,

have in the composition (I-2m ₁ ) × (J-2n ₁ ) - matrix

, which represents the reconstructed image in i, jx synthesized resolution elements in azimuth and elevation.

However, this method has the following disadvantages.

с элементами

,

,

теряется информация об изображении по периметру зоны обзора, и искомая I×J - матрица

с элементами

,

,

оказывается полностью незаполненной. Это вызвано тем, что в плавающем окне вычисляется только одна оценка, соответствующая центру окна.1. In the obtained (I-2m ₁ ) × (J-2n ₁ ) - matrix of estimates

with elements

,

,

information about the image around the perimeter of the viewing area is lost, and the desired I × J matrix

with elements

,

,

It turns out to be completely empty. This is because in the floating window, only one estimate is calculated, corresponding to the center of the window.

2. The extension of many estimates to the field of view requires additional scanning, which reduces the speed of the surveillance system.

3. The calculation of the weight coefficients h _k (i ₁ , j ₁ ) for formula (1) is given for an antenna system, the receiving elements of which receive the same signal in one phase, and does not provide for the general case when the receiving elements of a multi-channel antenna, placed in the form of an antenna array, receive a signal in different phases.

The elimination of these disadvantages requires a change in the method of processing the measurement results.

The technical result is aimed at expanding the field of clear vision to the field of view of RTLS and radar, as well as improving the accuracy of image recovery.

,

,

, которые далее обрабатывают, отличающийся тем, что при обработке данных используют полное окно, соответствующее размеру области сканирования I×J, увеличивают число каналов измерения К, сворачивают полученные матрицы измерений Y₁, Y₂, …, Y_K в один IJK-вектор измерений

, который умножают справа на (I+2m)(J+2n)×IJK - матрицу весовых коэффициентов Н, вычисляемую заранее, тем самым получают (I+2m)(J+2n) - вектор оценок

, затем разворачивают вектор

построчно в (I+2m)×(J+2n) - матрицу X, представляющую восстановленное изображение в расширенной зоне обзора с разрешением по угловым координатам.The technical result of the proposed technical solution is achieved by the fact that the method of imaging in multichannel radar and radar stations is that when observing the surface or the air environment using a scanning K-channel antenna in the form of a array of receiving elements, the antenna line of sight is successively shifted in azimuth and elevation angle, respectively, by the value of the (2n + 1) th and (2m + 1) th part of the antenna radiation pattern width at the level of 0.5 power line by line in the survey zone ora, where n and m are the sampling elements in azimuth and elevation, respectively, measure the values of the receiving signals for each i, jth antenna position in kx measurement channels and form I × J measurement matrices Y _k with elements y _k ( i, j),

,

,

which are further processed, characterized in that when processing the data, use the full window corresponding to the size of the scan area I × J, increase the number of measurement channels K, collapse the obtained measurement matrices Y ₁ , Y ₂ , ..., Y _K into one IJK measurement vector

, which is multiplied on the right by (I + 2m) (J + 2n) × IJK - the matrix of weight coefficients H, calculated in advance, thereby obtaining (I + 2m) (J + 2n) - the vector of estimates

then expand the vector

row-wise in (I + 2m) × (J + 2n) - matrix X, representing the reconstructed image in the extended viewing area with a resolution in angular coordinates.

The method is as follows.

1. The antenna system, which is an antenna array, scans line by line in the field of view, moving continuously in azimuth and elevation, and measurements are carried out with a small sampling step.

2. The digital processing system of the received signals in each k-th channel (k = 1, 2, ..., K) independently measures signals at discrete time instants that coincide with the j, 1-st steps of sampling at angles of (2n + 1) -th and (2m + 1) -th part of the bottom width at the level of 0.5 power in azimuth and elevation, and forms from them I × J - matrix measurements of channels Y ₁ , Y ₂ , ..., Y _K.

.3. The resulting measurement matrices Y ₁ , Y ₂ , ..., Y _{K are} sequentially collapsed into one IJK measurement vector

.

умножается справа на (I+2m)(J+2n)×IJK - матрицу весовых коэффициентов Н, вычисляемую заранее по методике, представленной в расчетной части заявки, тем самым получается (I+2m)(J+2n) - вектор оценок

.4. Vector

multiplied on the right by (I + 2m) (J + 2n) × IJK - the matrix of weight coefficients H, calculated in advance using the methodology presented in the calculation part of the application, thereby obtaining (I + 2m) (J + 2n) - the vector of estimates

.

разворачивается построчно в (I+2m)×(I+2n) - матрицу X, представляющую восстановленное изображение в расширенной зоне обзора с повышенным в несколько раз разрешением по угловым координатам.5. Vector ratings

expands line by line in (I + 2m) × (I + 2n) - matrix X, which represents the reconstructed image in the expanded field of view with a several times higher resolution in angular coordinates.

Calculation of weighting matrices for multichannel RTLS without amplitude detection is as follows.

The discrete measurement model for the i, jth fixed position of the antenna in elevation (in i) and azimuth (in j) at the input of the digital processing system of the receiving signal is described by the following total relationship:

); α_k(i,j) - нормированные коэффициенты ДНА k-го канала, характеризующие интенсивность прихода сигнала с i,j-го углового направления в k-м приемном элементе антенны; U(t,i,j) - полезная i,j-я составляющая сигнала, несущая информацию о поле излучения в i,j-м направлении, причем амплитуда A(t,i,j) и начальная фаза φ(t,i,j) - случайные функции времени t и пространственных координат i,j; круговая частота ω₀=2πf₀ соответствует центру полосы частот, в которой принимается сигнал [1]. Закон распределения A(t,i,j) во времени t при фиксированных i,j близок к нормальному:

. Начальная фаза φ(t,i,j) по t, i, j распределена равномерно на [0,2π]; γ_k{i,j) - известное запаздывание сигнала по фазе при приеме сигнала с i,j-го направления в k-м элементе антенны, где значение γ_k(i,j)=0 принимается для центра антенной системы; ξ_q(t) - гауссовский белый шум:

. Размер ДНА на уровне 0,5 мощности в осевом сечении составляет 2n+1 элементов дискретизации по азимуту и 2m+1 элементов дискретизации по углу места.where S _k (t, i, j) is the received signal in the kth channel (

); α _k (i, j) - normalized coefficients of the bottom of the k-th channel, characterizing the intensity of the signal from the i, j-th angular direction in the k-th receiving element of the antenna; U (t, i, j) is the useful i, jth component of the signal, carrying information about the radiation field in the i, jth direction, with the amplitude A (t, i, j) and the initial phase φ (t, i, j) are random functions of time t and spatial coordinates i, j; the circular frequency ω ₀ = 2πf ₀ corresponds to the center of the frequency band in which the signal is received [1]. The distribution law A (t, i, j) in time t for fixed i, j is close to normal:

. The initial phase φ (t, i, j) over t, i, j is evenly distributed on [0,2π]; γ _k {i, j) is the known phase delay of the signal when receiving a signal from the i, jth direction in the kth element of the antenna, where the value γ _k (i, j) = 0 is taken for the center of the antenna system; ξ _q (t) - Gaussian white noise:

. The size of the BOTTOM at the level of 0.5 power in the axial section is 2n + 1 sampling elements in azimuth and 2m + 1 sampling elements in elevation.

Represent (3) by omitting the symbols t, i, j and denoting ψ (t, i, j) = ω ₀ t-φ (t, i, j):

Taking into account (4), the measurement model (2) takes the form

Where

- the cosine and sine components of the DND coefficients, depending on the known phase γ _k (i, j) of the signal delay by the receiving elements;

are the cosine and sine components of the useful signal, depending on the random function ψ (t, i, j), and

The problem from the perspective of model (5) is to find the best in a certain sense estimates of the useful components (7): x ^s , x ^c with the estimation of the amplitude A according to formula (8) for a fixed time t.

To solve this problem at each discrete time instant t _µ , corresponding to the i, jth position of the antenna, the following constructions are performed.

) последовательно размещаются в К-векторе

.1. Measurements S _{k of} all kx channels (

) are sequentially placed in the K-vector

.

.2. The desired parameters (7) in pairs x ^s , x ^c sequentially (in accordance with the numbering i, j) are located in 2 (2m + 1) (2n + 1) - vector

.

,

в составе К×2(2m+1)(2n+1)-матрицы А: вначале для 1-го канала, затем 2-го и т.д. К-го.3. DND coefficients (6) are arranged line by line in pairs

,

in the K × 2 (2m + 1) (2n + 1) -matrix A: first for the 1st channel, then the 2nd, etc. To the th.

.4. The interference ξ _k is in the K-vector

.

, матрицы А, вектора

и не входят в операции обработки данных. Возможна иная организация размещения элементов в векторах

,

,

и матрице А.5. Constructing p.p. 2-4 reflect the structure of the vector

, matrix A, vector

and are not included in data processing operations. Other organization of placing elements in vectors is possible.

,

,

and matrix A.

:With such constructions, the measurement model (2) takes the form of a matrix-vector equation with respect to an unknown vector

:

при отсутствии статистической информации относительно

и

находятся по критерию минимума квадрата нормы (или МНК):Optimal vector estimates

in the absence of statistical information regarding

and

are found by the criterion of the minimum of the square of the norm (or OLS):

where T is the transpose symbol.

Solution (10) gives standard OLS estimates:

where δ is the regularization parameter necessary for inversion of the matrix A ^T A in case of its poor conditioning (for example, [6, p. 55]); E is the identity matrix; H ₁ - matrix of weights.

характеризуется корреляционной матрицей R_ΔX ошибок оценивания

.The accuracy of estimates (11) as δ → 0 and uncorrelated noise

characterized by a correlation matrix R _ΔX of estimation errors

.

и структурой матрицы А, зависящей от формы ДНА.and is determined by the variance of the interference

and the structure of the matrix A, depending on the shape of the DNA.

, чем достигается необходимая разрешающая способность, зависящая от точности оценивания.With the number of measurements greater than the number of unknown parameters: K> 2 (2m + 1) (2n + 1), the variance of the parameter estimates (diagonal elements of the matrix R _ΔX ) is less than the variance of the interference

what achieves the necessary resolution, depending on the accuracy of the assessment.

, взятые последовательно парами x^s, x^c, возводятся в квадрат, суммируются и из полученного значения извлекается корень согласно (8), что приводит к оценкам амплитудGrades Vector Elements

taken sequentially in pairs x ^s , x ^c , are squared, summed up and the root is extracted from the obtained value according to (8), which leads to estimates of the amplitudes

,

. Матрица X(i,j) представляет восстановленное в пределах ширины ДНА при i,j-м положении антенны амплитудное изображение наземной или воздушной обстановки с повышенной в несколько раз разрешающей способностью по углам.which are row-wise arranged in the (2m + 1) × (2n + 1) -matrix X (i, j) with elements x (i ₁ , j ₁ ),

,

. The matrix X (i, j) represents the amplitude image of the ground or air situation that is restored within the width of the bottom of the bottom beam at the i, jth position of the antenna with an increased angular resolution several times.

The proposed estimation procedure can significantly reduce the processing time compared to traditional methods [1], based on the detection of RTLS measurement results and subsequent averaging using a low-pass filter.

In the case of the traditional measurement method in RTLS based on detection and averaging, the measurement model and the corresponding processing algorithm are as follows. In accordance with the simplest radiometer circuit [1], the signal (2), (3) is fed to the input of a quadratic detector, the output of which is a quadratic function of the input signal:

where the square of the sum is decomposed into components:

and the second sum is taken for all mismatched i ₁ , i ₂ , j ₁ , j ₂ (i ₁ ≠ i ₂ , j ₁ ≠ j ₂ ).

Since in (3) the initial phase φ (t, i, j) randomly takes values on [0,2π], then U (t, i, j) is a centered random function t (with zero expectation).

во времени t. При усреднении произведения некоррелированных центрированных случайных величин дают близкие к нулевым средние значения. В результате на выходе ФНЧ действует следующая модель:After the detector, the signal (14) is fed to the input of a low-pass filter (LPF), which averages

in time t. When averaging the product of uncorrelated centered random variables, they give mean values close to zero. As a result, the following model is valid at the output of the low-pass filter:

, причем σ_P>σ_ξ (или даже σ_P>>σ_ξ в зависимости от свойств полей излучения). Для стационарного центрированного процесса ξ_k(t) его средний квадрат равен дисперсии:

.where P _k (i, j) is the averaging error that can be accepted as Gaussian:

moreover, σ _P > σ _ξ (or even σ _P >> σ _ξ depending on the properties of the radiation fields). For a stationary centered process ξ _k (t), its mean square is equal to the variance:

.

When averaging U (t, i, j) defined by model (3), we take into account that the average value of the square of the random amplitude A (t, i, j) is equal to the sum of the square of its average value and variance, and the average value of the cosine squared over the interval [ 0.2π] is 1/2. Get

- измерения;

- параметры поля излучения, подлежащие оцениванию. Понимая под α_k(i,j) квадрат коэффициента ДНА

, получим окончательно дискретную модель измерения y_q(i,j) для сигнала на выходе ФНЧ радиометра, необходимую для дальнейшей алгоритмической обработки:Further we denote

- measurements;

- parameters of the radiation field to be evaluated. Understanding by α _k (i, j) the square of the DND coefficient

, we obtain the finally discrete measurement model y _q (i, j) for the signal at the output of the low-pass filter of the radiometer, necessary for further algorithmic processing:

в (18), которая меньше, чем в модели (5), так как σ_P>σ_ξ.The accuracy of the restoration depends on the value of the signal-to-noise power ratio

in (18), which is smaller than in model (5), since σ _P > σ _ξ .

,

на основе измерений (18), полученных на множестве i,j-x положений антенны.The problem from the perspective of model (18) is to restore (estimate) the parameters x (i, j) of the radiation field U (i, j) and to form an I × J image matrix x (i, j),

,

based on measurements (18) obtained on the set i, jx of antenna positions.

To solve this problem, the following constructions are performed.

,

, всех k-x каналов (

) последовательно размещаются в IJK-векторе

: построчно считываются измерения 1-го канала, затем 2-го и т.д. К-го.1. Measurements y _k (i, j),

,

, all kx channels (

) are sequentially placed in the IJK vector

: measurements of the 1st channel, then the 2nd, etc. are read out line by line To the th.

.2. The desired parameters x (i, j) are line-by-line located in (I + 2m) (J + 2n) - vector

.

3. DND coefficients α _k (i, j) are arranged line-by-line as part of IJK × (I + 2m) (J + 2n) - matrix A: first for the 1st channel, then the second, etc. To the th.

.4. The interference p _k (i, j) is in the IJK vector

.

,

,

и матрице А.5. Building p.p.p. 2-4 reflect the data structure. Other organization of placing elements in vectors is possible.

,

,

and matrix A.

The measurement model (18) takes the form of a vector-matrix equation with respect to the unknown vector X:

находятся по критерию (10):Optimal vector estimates

are found by criterion (10):

характеризуется корреляционной матрицей:The accuracy of estimates (20) as δ → 0 and uncorrelated noise

characterized by a correlation matrix:

.With the number of measurements greater than the number of unknown parameters: IJK> (I + 2m) (J + 2n), the variance of the estimates (diagonal elements of the matrix R _ΔX ) is less than the variance of the interference

.

построчно разворачивается в матрицу X, которая представляет восстановленное амплитудное изображение наземной или воздушной обстановки в зоне обзора РТЛС с повышенной в несколько раз разрешающей способностью по углам.Vector

is rotated line by line into the matrix X, which represents the reconstructed amplitude image of the ground or air situation in the field of view of the RTLS with a several times higher resolution in angles.

Calculation of weighting matrices for the radar is as follows.

отраженного сигнала, отселектированного на промежутке времени [t,t+Δt], соответствующем заданному диапазону дальности (в частном случае - элементу разрешения дальности), и прошедшего тракт первичной обработки, на выходе фильтров низких частот квадратурных каналов фазового детектирования k-го приемного канала имеет вид (например, [7, с.13-14]):At the i, jth position of the antenna, the complex envelope model

the reflected signal, selected on the time interval [t, t + Δt], corresponding to the specified range of the range (in the particular case, the range resolution element), and passed the primary processing path, at the output of the low-pass filters of the quadrature channels of the phase detection of the k-th receiving channel has view (for example, [7, p.13-14]):

- сигнал в квадратурных каналах фазового детектирования с измеряемой амплитудой S_k(t,i,j) и измеряемой фазой φ_k(t,i,j), где множитель i обозначает мнимую единицу;

- нормированные комплексные коэффициенты ДНА k-го канала;

- полезная составляющая сигнала со случайной амплитудой A(t,i,j), несущей информацию о поле отражения, и случайной равномерно на [0,2π] фазой ψ_k(t,i,j); γ_k(i,j) - известный фазовый сдвиг при приеме отраженного сигнала с i,j-го углового направления k-м приемным элементом по сравнению с центром антенной системы;

- комплексный гауссовский белый шум, действительная и мнимая составляющие которого распределены по нормальному закону с нулевым математическим ожиданием и дисперсией

.Here:

- a signal in the quadrature channels of phase detection with a measured amplitude S _k (t, i, j) and a measured phase φ _k (t, i, j), where the factor i denotes the imaginary unit;

- normalized complex DND coefficients of the k-th channel;

- the useful component of the signal with a random amplitude A (t, i, j) that carries information about the reflection field and a random phase uniformly on [0,2π] ψ _k (t, i, j); γ _k (i, j) is the known phase shift upon receipt of the reflected signal from the i, jth angular direction by the kth receiving element compared to the center of the antenna system;

- complex Gaussian white noise, the real and imaginary components of which are distributed according to the normal law with zero mathematical expectation and dispersion

.

We represent (22) in the form

Where

- комплексный сигнал, подлежащий оцениванию, модулем которого является амплитуда сигнала отражения A(t,i,j).

- a complex signal to be estimated, the module of which is the amplitude of the reflection signal A (t, i, j).

The measurement model (23), similarly to (9) or (19), is represented in the vector-matrix form:

- IJK-вектор комплексных измерений (23), взятых по совокупности i,j,k;

- IJK×(1+2m)(J+2n) - матрица комплексных коэффициентов ДНА;

- (I+2m)(J+2n) - вектор комплексных оцениваемых параметров;

- IJK-вектор комплексных ошибок измерения.Where

- IJK vector of complex measurements (23) taken from the set of i, j, k;

- IJK × (1 + 2m) (J + 2n) - matrix of complex coefficients of the DND;

- (I + 2m) (J + 2n) - a vector of complex estimated parameters;

- IJK vector of complex measurement errors.

находятся по критерию, аналогичному (10):Optimal OLS vector estimates

are found by a criterion similar to (10):

where * T is a symbol of complex conjugation and transposition, and take the form

- матрица комплексных весовых коэффициентов;

- комплексный параметр регуляризации.Where

- matrix of complex weights;

- a complex parameter of regularization.

и некоррелированных помехах

характеризуется комплексной корреляционной матрицей ошибок оценивания

:Estimation Accuracy (24) at

and uncorrelated interference

characterized by a complex correlation matrix of estimation errors

:

, которые построчно размещаются в матрице восстановленного изображения X.As estimates of the amplitudes of the reflection field, we take the modules of the elements of the vector

which are row-wise placed in the matrix of the reconstructed image X.

If, after coherent accumulation, the complex signal (23) is detected by amplitude (its modulus or module square is taken), and the detected signals are incoherently accumulated (averaged) to increase the signal-to-noise ratio and combat speckle distortion, we obtain a real model of the form (16) , (18), (19) and estimates (20). However, due to nonlinear transformations, the noise level in (16), (18) can be significantly higher than in linear models (2), (22): σ _P > σ _ξ .

The proposed method allows several times to increase the resolution of the radar and radar in azimuth and elevation while maintaining the field of view when observing ground and air objects.

Literature

1. Nikolaev A.G., Pertsov S.V. Radiolocation. M .: Military. Publishing House., 1970.132 s.

2. Pirogov Yu.A. Passive radio vision in the millimeter range // Radio engineering. 2003. No2. S.4-11.

3. Pirogov Yu.A., Timanovsky A.L. Superresolution in systems of passive radio-vision of millimeter range // Radio engineering. 2006 No. 3. P.14-19.

4. Patent RU 2284548 C1. The method of monitoring the surface and air conditions on the basis of the airborne radar / V.K. Klochko. IPC: G01S 13/02. Priority 06.23.2005. Published: 09/27/2006. Bull. Number 27.

5. Patent RU 2292060 C1. A method for observing airborne objects and a surface based on an onboard radar / V.K. Klochko. IPC: G01S 13/02. Priority 06/28/2005. Published: 01/20/2007. Bull. Number 2.

6. Vasilenko G.I., Taratin A.M. Image recovery. M .: Radio and communication, 1986. 304 p.

7. Radar stations with digital synthesis of the antenna aperture / V.N. Antipov, V. T. Goryainov, A. N. Kulin, Tolstov E. F. et al. Ed. V.T. Goryainova. M .: Radio and communications, 1988. 304 p.

Claims (1)

The method of imaging in multi-channel radar and radar stations, which consists in the fact that when observing a surface or air situation using a scanning K-channel antenna in the form of a array of receiving elements, the antenna line of sight is sequentially shifted in azimuth and elevation, respectively, by (2n + 1) -th and (2m + 1) -th parts of the width of the antenna radiation pattern at the level of 0.5 power line by line in the field of view, where n and m are the sampling elements in azimuth and elevation, respectively zmeryayut for each i, j-th antenna in the position measuring channels kx values and amplitudes of the reception signals are formed from these I × J-measurement matrix Y _k with elements y _k (ij),

,

,

which are further processed, characterized in that when processing the data, use the full window corresponding to the size of the scan area I × J, increase the number of measurement channels K, collapse the obtained measurement matrices Y ₁ , Y ₂ , ..., Y _K into one IJK measurement vector

, which is multiplied on the right by (I + 2m) (J + 2n) · the IJK matrix of weight coefficients H, calculated in advance, thereby obtaining (I + 2m) (J + 2n) - the vector of estimates

then expand the vector

line-by-line in the (I + 2m) · (J + 2n) -matrix X, representing the reconstructed image in the expanded field of view with a several-fold increased resolution in angular coordinates.