RU2366158C2 - Method of duplex function of electric current on biological objects of vegetable and animal origin, and device for method implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: biotechnology.

SUBSTANCE: invention concerns biotechnology, particularly impulse electronics. Method involves electric power of high-voltage alternate current and high-voltage impulse function. A sequence of test impulses non-violating the state of object is applied to a biological object by active electrode to identify the object and determine its differential conductance. Obtained test data are used to apply duplex electric input by applying initiation impulse which generates conductance channel in the biological object. During the conductance channel lifetime an operational impulse is applied via it, the impulse parametres defining end result, such as object destruction or stimulation. Device includes operational voltage source, active electrode connected to the action object, and control system connected to data channels of conductance analysers, test impulse generators and operational voltage source.

EFFECT: high-efficiency effect on various objects, wide application range.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to pulsed electronic technology, covering the field of biotechnology, and can be used in biology, medicine, agriculture to influence biological objects with electric current in order to destroy, stimulate, and increase their resistance to external environmental influences.

A known method of influencing biological objects, such as animals or plants, by an electromagnetic field arising between the active and passive electrodes with the necessary equipment when connecting them to a source of electric current. The method consists in exposing the object to an electromagnetic field for a certain period of time, the effect being carried out in a wide range of currents and voltages (RU, 94003830 A1, 1995.12.27).

The disadvantages of this method include a limited range of use.

A known method of increasing productivity and reducing the time of vegetation of plants, in which the soil in the root system of plants is affected by direct electric current. Moreover, the rate of the electrolysis process is directly proportional to the intensity of photosynthesis. This allows the most efficient use of the assimilation of nutrient ions by the plant (RU, 2058717 C1, 1996.04.27).

The disadvantages of this method are the limited possibilities of direct current on the biological environment, as well as the limited scope.

The closest analogue (prototype) of the present invention is a method of influencing objects of plant origin, which uses the principle of changing the location of power lines, providing maximum current density, using a source of high-voltage alternating current electric energy (Popov V.M., Taskaeva A.G. Electric current destroys weeds. Agro, XXI Century, AGRORUS, 1999, 6).

This method uses the principle of direct exposure to a biological object with high voltage electric current. For these purposes, AC or pulse voltage of various frequencies, durations and shapes can be used. The electrical energy of the impact is supplied at the moment of contact of the active electrode with the surface of the object. To carry out such a procedure, it is necessary to use a source with an output voltage of 3 kV to 25 kV, since the breakdown voltage of the own insulation of most objects of plant origin is at least 1.5 ... 2 kV. Thus, the equivalent load for a high voltage source is a resistance with a non-linear characteristic, which initially at the moment of touching the active electrode of a biological object has a high resistance (from 1.5 mOhm to 50 mOhm), and after insulation breakdown it drops by tens of times. This “shock” load mode for a high-voltage source is extremely unfavorable, since the current at the time of insulation breakdown has a high slew rate and a large instantaneous value close to the short circuit current. After the breakdown of insulation throughout the entire volume of the object of influence, many branched conductive channels are formed, which “erode” electrical energy, turning it into heat. Therefore, the effectiveness of the impact of this method, as well as the efficiency of use of the energy source is extremely low.

The use of special forms of electrical impulses that are favorable for stimulation (for example, peat wave) in this method is not possible, since there is a distortion and tightening of the fronts of the operating pulses both during rise and fall. The real frequency range of this method is limited to 3 ... 5 kHz.

Another disadvantage of this method is that the high-voltage source at voltages above 7 ... 10 kV unstably operates in the shock current mode in the range from 20A to 150A, necessary, for example, to carry out the procedure for the destruction of weeds, and also has large dimensions and weight (more than 50 ... 100 kg).

Work with such equipment is extremely dangerous from the point of view of safety measures and requires special training of highly qualified staff.

The disadvantages of this method are low efficiency, limited frequency range, low selectivity of the impact on the object, as well as a limited scope.

An object of the invention is to provide a method for the duplex exposure of electric current to biological objects of plant and animal origin, which has an extended frequency range, high efficiency, high selectivity and a wide range of uses.

This task is achieved by the fact that when an electric current is applied to biological objects of plant and animal origin, a sequence of test pulses is first applied to the biological object by means of an active electrode in order to identify the object and determine its differential conductivity, then, based on the test data obtained, a duplex electric current is applied , which determines the final result, namely the destruction or stimulation of a biological object.

In the proposed method, the procedure for influencing a biological object by electric current consists of two stages.

At the first stage, a bioobject is examined by a sequence of test pulses that differ from each other in voltage, duration and shape. This is necessary in order to identify the object and determine its differential complex conductivity under various disturbing influences, without changing its physical state.

At the second stage, duplex exposure is performed. Taking into account the obtained test data, an initiation pulse is applied to the biological object, which breaks through its own insulation and creates a conducting channel inside the object, while the voltage drop across it decreases sharply. At the time of the formation of the conductive channel at a given (favorable) point of the current-voltage characteristic, an operational impulse is supplied for the force action, which determines the final result of the entire procedure. If the energy of the operational impulse is large enough, then the object will be destroyed. Otherwise, with a low value of the energy of the operational impulse, the result of exposure can be a stimulation or a slowdown in the growth of a biological object, a change in its morphological structure, perception of the environment, etc.

The principle of duplex exposure allows you to solve two fundamental problems - significantly reduce the voltage of the operational (power) impulse and concentrate the electrical energy within one conductive channel without spraying it throughout the entire volume of the object. In practice, the voltage of a power source when exposed to biological objects of plant origin can be reduced to 0.7 ... 1.5 kV, and its power is reduced by 3 ... 5 times.

The voltage of the test signal, as well as the initiation pulse forming the conductive channel, must be sufficiently high. This is necessary in order to freely overcome the isolation barrier of a biological object. On the contrary, the current applied to the object before the arrival of the duplex pulse should be limited (gentle) - it should not cause any physical or structural changes or disrupt the internal exchange processes of the biological object. Therefore, the test source must generate a high voltage and a small current sufficient to form a conductive channel.

Due to the presence of the conducting channel, the current rise rate of the operating source is many times higher than the current rise rate in the normal mode, as a result of which the impact efficiency increases in proportion to the increase in the current density passing through the biological object per unit time.

A significant increase in the frequency of processing of biological objects was made possible by reducing the voltage of operational pulses. This allows the use of high-speed switching power supplies made on semiconductor elements operating at frequencies up to 120 kHz, with output currents up to 1000 A and voltages up to 3 kV.

The proposed method contributes to the creation of a variety of hardware electric shock on biological objects of plant and animal origin, with high efficiency, small size and mass, with high output power, high efficiency, a wide range of frequencies and a wide range of uses.

The method of duplex exposure allows the maximum use of the energy of the operating pulse, providing high efficiency, with minimal cost of electric energy.

The advantages of this method include the ability to create devices for the destruction or stimulation of biological objects in a portable portable design, powered by a compact battery voltage of 6 ... 12 V.

The drawing shows a functional diagram and diagrams of the current-voltage characteristics of the device of duplex exposure to electric current on biological objects of plant and animal origin, explaining the operation of the proposed method.

The closest analogue (prototype) of the present invention is the installation for the destruction of weeds using electric energy "ERPIK", containing a source of electric energy, a control system and electrodes (project "INTELLIGENCE", GRNTI rubric: 68.35, V. Popov, 2000 .).

The disadvantages of this device are the limited range of frequencies used, large dimensions and mass, low efficiency, as well as a limited range of use.

An object of the invention is to provide a device for the duplex exposure of electric current to biological objects of plant and animal origin, having an expanded frequency range, small dimensions and weight, high efficiency and a wide range of use.

This technical problem is achieved by the fact that a test pulse generator, a conductivity test analyzer and an operational conductivity analyzer are introduced into the device for the duplex exposure of electric current to biological objects of plant and animal origin, containing a source of electrical energy (operating voltage source), a control system and an active electrode, while forming new additional bonds.

The device contains a test pulse generator 2, the output connected to the input of the test conductivity analyzer 3, the operating voltage source 4, the output connected to the input of the operational conductivity analyzer 5, the active electrode 6 connected to the output of the operational conductivity analyzer 5 and the output of the conductivity test analyzer 3, control output which is connected to the synchronization input of the operating voltage source 4, and the control system 1, connected to the information channels of both analyzers, the irreducibility of 3, 5, the generator of test pulses 2 and the source of operating voltage 4, and the active electrode 6 is connected to the target 7.

The control system 1 provides input, output, control and management of all data during operation of the device according to a given program.

The test pulse generator 2 generates a sequence of high-voltage pulses of various amplitudes, durations and shapes (a), which, through the conductivity analyzer 3, are supplied to the active electrode 6 (d) connected to the target 7. Each test pulse passing through the target 7 creates a conductive a channel whose parameters are recorded by the conductivity analyzer 3 and transmitted in the form of data to the control system 1 via the information channel. Based on the obtained test data and the program embedded in the control system 1, the generator 2 generates an initiation pulse (a), which at the object 7 forms the optimal conduction channel. The state of this channel is monitored by analyzer 3. When the channel conductivity reaches the required value, analyzer 3 generates a control signal (b), which is fed to the synchronization input of operational source 4 and starts it. The operational pulse from the source 4 (c) through the analyzer 5 enters the active electrode 6 (d) and is superimposed on the conductive channel formed by the initiation pulse. Thus, there is a duplex effect on the object 7 from two sources of 2.4: the first forms the optimal conduction channel, and the second at a given point of its characteristics carries out a force effect, providing the desired result. The appearance of an operational impulse (c) is possible in any phase of the formed conducting channel. The conductivity analyzer 5 monitors the passage of the operational impulse through the object 7 and upon completion it issues data to the control system 1 about the result of the force action. Based on the information received, the control system 1 makes a decision whether the desired result is achieved or if a second exposure procedure is required.

The number and parameters of test pulses are determined by the program embedded in the control system 1. During testing, the total energy impact on the object 7 should be indifferent so as not to disrupt its initial state. At the time of the formation of the conductive channel, the voltage at the object of influence 7 drops sharply, since its own insulation is broken, so the voltage of the operational source 4 can be significantly reduced with respect to the voltage of the test generator 2. The device stops the action after the control system 1 arrives data from analyzer 5 on the achieved result.

The drawing shows diagrams of voltages and currents explaining the operation of the device in the mode of destruction of weeds.

The diagram a shows the voltage pulses at the output of the test pulse generator 2 (a).

The diagram b shows the clock pulse generated at the control output of the analyzer 3 (b), which starts the source of operating voltage 4.

The diagram c shows the voltage pulse of the force acting on the output of the operational source 4 (c) after it is started.

Figure d shows the time-varying current of the conduction channel during testing (t0-t3) and during duplex exposure (t4-t6).

For ease of perception, the voltages at the outputs of both sources 2,4 (diagrams a, c) are shown as rectangular pulses, and the number of test pulses (diagram a) is reduced to a single duration t0-t3 (abscissa axis).

When the weed plant (object 7) touches the electrode 6, the generator 2 generates one test pulse of duration t0-t3 (plot a), as a result of which a current flows through the object 7, forming a time-varying conducting channel (plot d). The value of the differential conductivity at each point of the conducting channel from t0 to t3 is recorded by analyzer 3. The maximum value of the conductivity current corresponds to point t1, and the minimum to point t2.

At point t4, generator 2 generates an initiation pulse (plot a), which re-creates a conductive channel from t4 to t5 (plot d). At point t5, which corresponds to the maximum value of the current of the conducting channel d1 (plot d, ordinate axis), conductivity analyzer 3 generates a sync pulse (plot b), which, with its leading edge, triggers an operating voltage source 4 (plot c), as a result of which the current through the conductive channel abruptly increasing. In the time interval from t5 to t6 (plot d), the energetic effect of the operational source 4 on the object 7 occurs, the result of which is the destruction of the weed plant.

The amplitude and duration of the operating impulse from t5 to t6 (plot c) is determined by control system 1 based on preliminary testing. The change in the current flow of the operating pulse during this period (plot d, t5-t6) is monitored by analyzer 5, the data of which shows whether the weed object 7 has been destroyed or if a second operation is required.

The proposed device is very effective for controlling rodents. For example, if the mouse touches the active electrode, then test pulses pass through it, which identify it as an object with characteristic electrophysical parameters that are inherent to this particular biological species, that is, with the help of test pulses the mouse can be easily distinguished from other objects of animal origin, for example, dogs , cats, etc. The parameters of the pulses (intensity) of the duplex exposure are selected depending on the task - to destroy the object or scare it off. In this case, the voltage range of the pulses, both test and operational, is within 200 V ... 1500 V, currents - from 0.1 ... 0.5 mA (test pulses) to 8 ... 15A (exposure pulses).

Cases of death of animals when using electric shepherds in open pastures are known. Most often this happens when the animal touches the active conductor, which is at a high voltage of 7 ... 12 kV, with the mucous membrane of the oral cavity, which creates the greatest conductivity during the passage of current through the body of the animal. The proposed method provides selective exposure to an electric current on the animal, choosing the most safe mode corresponding to the conductivity of the biological object in the place of its contact with the conductor of the electric shepherd.

When conducting plant breeding works, methods of plant electrostimulation using pulses of various shapes (rectangular, triangular, exponential, etc.) with a frequency of 200 Hz to 20 kHz in the current range of 0.05 ... 50 mA are used to enhance ion exchange processes of the root system with the surrounding soil. The use of duplex exposure allows you to dose the energy supplied to the plant, increase the frequency range of operational pulses up to 55 kHz and reduce the injury rate of biological objects.

This device can be used on humans and animals in the case of electrical stimulation of bioactive points located on the surface of the skin. At the moment of contact of the active electrode with the skin, a sequence of test pulses passes through the bioobject, which reveal bioactive points that are characterized by increased differential conductivity compared to the indifferent skin surface. Depending on the state of differential conductivity of the studied biologically active points, duplex pulses are applied to them according to a given program, which have a stimulating, analgesic, normalizing and other types of effects on the biological object. In the above example, the duplex method provides protection against erroneous or excessive electrophysical effects on the biological object, since the duplex signal provides the optimal therapeutic effect of the operational impulse with minimal energy values. In this case, the practical voltage range of the test and duplex signals is in the range from several volts to 150 ... 200 V, currents from 0.01 mA to 20 mA, and frequencies from 10 Hz to 90 kHz.

Compared with the surface insulating layer of objects of plant origin, animal objects have less resistance and breakdown voltage of the insulation of the ectoderm layer. Breakdown of the surface insulating layer or ectodermal layer by test pulses occurs in the microwatt mode of energy exposure and does not change the physical state of the bioobject, in addition, ectodermal cells are regularly updated.

The advantages of the proposed device include the ability to adapt the system to changing environmental conditions, as well as automatic control of the results of exposure without involving additional hardware.

The device allows you to use a wide frequency range of electrical signals, from 10 Hz to 120 kHz and above. This makes it possible to influence the energy structure of biorhythms and the electrochemical conductivity of tissues of biological objects at the cellular level.

The device has a high efficiency, it is capable of generating pulses of voltage up to 20 ... 25 kV in the current range up to 1000A in the amplitude value, while maintaining high stability.

The device has small dimensions and weight.

Its use is especially effective in conducting high-level biotechnology for research purposes.

The use of the device does not violate the ecology of the environment, and also does not cause genetic and structural changes in biological objects.

Claims (2)

1. The method of duplex exposure to electric current on biological objects of plant and animal origin, which uses the principle of changing the location of the lines of force, providing maximum current density, characterized in that the sequence of test pulses is first applied to the biological object through the active electrode in order to identify the object and determine it differential conductivity, then on the basis of the test data obtained, a duplex exposure to electric current, giving an initiation pulse, forming a conductive channel on the biological object, and during the existence of the conductive channel at the given point of conductivity, an operational impulse is supplied, the parameters of which determine the final result, namely, destruction or stimulation of the object. 2. A device for the duplex exposure of electric current to biological objects of plant and animal origin, containing a source of operating voltage, an active electrode and a control system, characterized in that a test pulse generator is inserted into it, with an output connected to the input of a test conductivity analyzer and an operational conductivity analyzer, with an output connected to the output of the test conductivity analyzer and to the active electrode, the input connected to the output of the operating voltage source the synchronization input of which is connected to the control output of the conductivity test analyzer, the control system being connected to the information channels of both conductivity analyzers, the test pulse generator and the operating voltage source, and the active electrode is connected to the target.

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