RU2365025C1 - Rectifier motor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to electrical engineering and can be used in production of miniature DC rectifier motor drives. In compliance with this invention, proposed rectifier motor additionally incorporates two power amplifiers, phase detector and filter connected in series. Its also comprises master oscillator with its output connected to second input of aforesaid phase detector. It includes additionally two various conduction-type transistors to make auto-oscillator, resistor, binary counter and multiplexer. One of the outputs of throttle measuring windings is connected, via voltage divider made up of two resistors, with bipolar diode anode and potential supply bus.

EFFECT: smaller sizes, higher efficiency and rotational speed stability.

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Description

The invention relates to electrical engineering and can be used to create small-sized DC electric drives.

Known valve motors that contain a synchronous machine with a two-phase anchor winding, the first and second phases of which are included in the diagonal of the transistor switch, rotor position sensors, electric drive control device (see, for example, books A. A. Dubensky. Contactless DC motors. M. : Energy, 1967, 144 pp., US Patent Nos. 5414331, Н02К 23/00 "Contactless Motor Power Supply Circuit" and No. 5384527, Н02К 29/06 "Rotor Position Sensor Calculating Counter-EMF Voltage", Japan Patents JP 60222393, Н02К 29/06 Brushless Electro engine ”and JP 60222391, Н02К 29/00“ Two-phase electric machine ”).

Known devices powered by a direct current source provide contactless switching of currents in the armature winding. In this case, the inductor is assumed to be made of a permanent magnet having several pairs of poles. In the simplest version, there is one pair. To create a rotating magnetic field of the armature, two windings are required, spatially and in phase of the supply voltage shifted by an angle of about 90 °. It is possible to use multiphase windings (see, for example, the books by A. Dubensky. Non-contact DC motors. M.: Energia, 1967, 144 p.), But the main characteristics of such a non-contact drive slightly differ from the simplest version. With a single-phase anchor winding, the field is pulsating, not rotating. In this case, the characteristics of a non-contact drive differ significantly from the characteristics of multiphase motors. Therefore, for comparison, we restrict ourselves to two-phase DC DC motors with an inductor having one pair of poles.

There are several problems for the well-known non-contact DC motors, of which four are distinguished: ensuring sufficient starting torque, minimum dimensions, high efficiency and stabilization of rotation speed.

To ensure sufficient starting torque, rotor position sensors are used, the signal of which indicates the location of the inductor relative to the switched phase. Thanks to these sensors, the number of the phase winding and the direction of the current in it are determined. The direction of rotation of the electric motor is determined by the spatial angle between the axes of the inductor and the rotor position sensor. Therefore, changing the direction of rotation of known valve electric motors requires the use of complex electronic circuits.

The presence of additional rotor position sensors often leads to a double increase in the dimensions of the electric motor. Since rotor position sensors require a supply voltage to be supplied to them, this circumstance already reduces the ratio of electromagnetic power on the motor shaft to power consumption, i.e. Efficiency. To ensure the normal operation of the known valve motor, various forming electronic circuits are required, which further reduces the efficiency of the valve motor.

Despite the presence of position sensors, the valve actuator has an instability of the shaft rotation speed. This is due to the fact that with a small load on the motor shaft, jump to higher rotation speeds is possible.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed one is the device shown in A.S. USSR No. 1658308, Н02К 29/06 "Valve electric motor", adopted as a prototype.

The scheme of the prototype device is presented in figure 1, where it is indicated:

1, 2 - the first and second phase windings of the armature of a synchronous machine;

3 ÷ 10 - from the third to tenth transistors of a bridge transistor switch;

11 ÷ 18 - from the first to the eighth reverse diodes;

19 - throttle;

20, 21 - the first and second power windings of the inductor;

22 - measuring winding of the inductor;

23 - a comparator;

31, 32, 39, 40 - from the first to the fourth logical elements EXCLUSIVE OR;

41 ÷ 44 - from the first to fourth logical elements And;

45 - rotor position sensor.

The prototype valve motor contains a synchronous machine with a two-phase armature winding, the first 1 and second 2 phases of which are included respectively in the diagonals of the first and second bridge transistor switches containing transistors 3 ÷ 10 and reverse diodes 11 ÷ 18, as well as a rotor position sensor 45, a throttle 19 with two power windings 21 and 20 and a measuring winding 22, which is connected to the corresponding inputs of the comparator 23, as well as four logical elements AND 41 ÷ 44 and four logical elements EXCLUSIVE OR 31, 32, 39, 40. Control inputs The s (bases) of transistors 4, 6, 8, and 10, combined by emitters, are connected to the corresponding outputs of the rotor position sensor 45, and the control inputs (bases) of the remaining transistors 3, 5, 7, and 9 are connected to the outputs of the corresponding elements EXCLUSIVE OR 31 ÷ 40. At the same time, when starting up and at low speeds of rotation, switching is ensured with an angle of less than 180 ° with the simultaneous provision of the dynamic braking mode due to the switched-on transistors 3 ÷ 10.

Moreover, the control input (base) of the transistor 4 is connected to the corresponding inputs of the logical elements EXCLUSIVE OR 32, AND 42. The control input (base) of the transistor 6 is connected to the corresponding inputs of the logic elements EXCLUSIVE OR 31, AND 42. The control input (base) of the transistor 8 is connected to the corresponding inputs of the logic elements EXCLUSIVE OR 40, AND 43. The control input (base) of the transistor 10 is connected to the corresponding inputs of the logic elements EXCLUSIVE OR 39, AND 43. In addition, the output of the logic element AND 42 is connected to the corresponding the input of the logical element AND 41, the output of which is connected to the corresponding inputs of the logical elements EXCLUSIVE OR 31 and 32, the output of the logical element And 43 is connected to the corresponding input of the logical element AND 44, the output of which is connected to the corresponding inputs of the logical elements EXCLUSIVE OR 39 and 40. Output the comparator 23 is connected to the corresponding inputs of the logic elements AND 41 and 44. Moreover, the comparator 23 has a control input.

The disadvantages of the valve motor are: large dimensions, the inability to reverse, low efficiency and insufficient stability of the rotation speed, the possibility of uncontrolled changes in the rotation speed.

To eliminate these shortcomings in the proposed device containing a synchronous machine with a two-phase winding of the armature, the first and second phase windings of which are included in the diagonals of the corresponding first and second bridge transistor switches, each of which contains four transistors and four protective diodes, as well as a choke, comprising a measuring winding and two power windings, each transistor switch connected between a common power bus and a corresponding power winding of the inductor, other conclusions about its power windings are connected to a potential power bus, in addition, the first and second logic elements EXCLUSIVE OR and the comparator, according to the invention, the first and second power amplifiers are introduced, the outputs of each of which are connected to the corresponding control inputs of the corresponding transistor switches, a phase detector connected in series, and a filter, the output of which is connected to the input of the comparator, and also a master oscillator, the output of which is connected to the second input of the phase detector, the input of which is connected is connected with the emitter of the second transistor of the oscillator and the clock input of the binary counter, the first output of which is connected to the first input of the first logic element EXCLUSIVE OR, the second input of which is connected to the second output of the binary counter and the first input of the second logic element EXCLUSIVE OR, the second input of which is connected to the output of the multiplexer , the first and second inputs of which are connected respectively to the potential and common power bus, to the third and fourth inputs of the multiplexer are connected respectively o direct and inverse comparator outputs, the fifth and sixth multiplexer inputs are selection inputs, respectively, the outputs of the first and second logic elements are EXCLUSIVE OR connected to the inputs of the first and second power amplifiers, respectively, while one of the terminals of the measuring inductor winding through the voltage divider resistors is connected to the anode a bipolar diode and a potential power bus, the emitter of the first transistor of the oscillator is connected to the midpoint of the voltage divider, the collector of the first transistor with one with the base of the second reverse conduction of transistor oscillator, its collector connected to the base of the first transistor and the cathode bipolar oscillator diode, the emitter of the second transistor is connected to one of the terminals of the measuring throttle and the winding via a resistor - to the general power line.

The scheme of the proposed device is shown in figure 2, where indicated:

1, 2 - the first and second phase windings of a two-phase synchronous machine;

3 ÷ 10 - from the third to tenth transistors of bridge transistor switches;

11 ÷ 18 - from the first to the eighth protective diodes of bridge transistor switches;

19 - throttle;

20, 21 - the first and second power windings of the inductor;

22 - measuring winding of the inductor;

23 - a comparator;

24, 25 - the first and second transistors of different types of conductivity;

26, 27 - resistors of the voltage divider;

28 - bipolar diode;

29 - resistor;

30 - binary counter;

31, 32 - the first and second logical elements EXCLUSIVE OR;

33 - multiplexer;

34 - master oscillator;

35 - phase detector;

36 - filter;

37, 38 - the first and second power amplifiers.

The proposed device contains a synchronous machine with a two-phase winding of the armature, the first 1 and second 2 phases of which are included in the diagonals of the corresponding first and second bridge transistor switches containing respectively power transistors 3 ÷ 6 and 7 ÷ 10, and protective diodes 11 ÷ 14 and 15 ÷ 18 as well as a choke 19 containing a measuring winding 22 and two power windings 20 and 21, each of the power windings is connected between the corresponding transistor switch and the potential power bus. In this case, the control inputs (bases) of transistors 3 ÷ 6 of the first bridge transistor switch are connected to the corresponding outputs of the first power amplifier 37, and the control inputs (bases) of transistors 7 ÷ 10 of the second bridge transistor switch are connected to the corresponding outputs of the second power amplifier 38. One measurement output winding 22 of the inductor 19 through resistors 27 and 26 of the voltage divider is connected to the anode of the bipolar diode 28 and the potential power bus. The emitter of the first transistor 24 is connected to the midpoint (the connection point of the resistors 26 and 27) of the voltage divider, the collector of the transistor 24 is connected to the base of the second transistor (reverse conductivity) 25, the collector of which is connected to the base of the first transistor 24 and the cathode of the bipolar diode 28, the emitter of the second transistor 25 is connected to one terminal of the resistor 29 and the other terminal of the measuring winding 22 of the inductor 19. Another terminal of the resistor 29 is connected to a negative power bus to which emitters of transistors 4, 6, 8, and 10 and anodes are connected 12, 14, 16 and 18 of the transistor switches. In this case, the first 24 and second 25 transistors, the voltage divider on the resistors 26 and 27, the bipolar diode 28 and the resistor 29 form an oscillator. In addition, a phase detector 35, a filter 36, and a comparator 23 are connected in series, the direct and inverse outputs of which are connected respectively to the third and fourth inputs of the multiplexer 33, while the output of the master oscillator 34 is connected to the second input of the phase detector 35, the input of which is connected to the emitter of the transistor 25 and the input of the counter 30, the first output of which is connected to the first input of the first logic element EXCLUSIVE OR 31, the output of which is connected to the input of the first power amplifier 37. The second output of the counter 30 is connected to w the first input of the first exclusive OR gate 31 and the first input of the second exclusive OR gate 32, the output of which is connected to the input of the second power amplifier 38. The output of multiplexer 33 is connected to the second input of the second logical element EXCLUSIVE OR 32. In this case, the first and second inputs of multiplexer 33 connected to the respective power buses, and the fifth and sixth inputs are inputs of the selection of the multiplexer 33.

The proposed valve motor operates as follows. After applying the supply voltage to the valve motor, the oscillator is switched on with transistors of different types of conductivity 24 and 25. The frequency of the oscillator pulses at this point in time is set low enough to provide a large starting torque, which is selected according to the mechanical characteristic (figure 4). The pulses are removed from the emitter of the transistor 25, connected through a resistor 29 to a common bus. These pulses are fed to the clock input of the binary counter 30 and to the first input of the phase detector 35. As a result of the arrival of these pulses, the potentials change at the outputs of the binary counter 30 (counting occurs). Pulses from the master oscillator 34 are supplied to the second input of the phase detector. As a result, the output of the phase detector 35 produces a voltage proportional to the phase difference of the signals from the measuring winding 22 and the master oscillator 34. Using the filter 36, the voltage is smoothed and fed to the input of the comparator 23. If the trip level specified by the comparator 23 is exceeded, a high (logical unit) or low (logical zero) potential level is set at its outputs. The comparator 23 has direct and inverse outputs, which are connected respectively to the third and fourth inputs of the multiplexer 33. At the first and second inputs of the multiplexer 33, the logical unit and logical zero levels are set, respectively. Depending on the two-bit binary code installed on the selection inputs, the output level of the multiplexer 33 selects the signal level at one of its four inputs. At the outputs of the logic elements EXCLUSIVE OR 31 and 32, signals appear in accordance with the time diagram shown in FIG. 3. Line 1 shows the pulses at the first output of the binary counter 30. Line 2 shows the pulses at the second output of the binary counter 30. Line 31 shows the pulses at the output of the EXCLUSIVE OR 31 logic element, which are out of phase with the pulses at the second output of the binary counter 30 by a quarter of the period. The signal at the output of the EXCLUSIVE OR 32 logic element either coincides in phase with the pulses at the second output of the binary counter 30 (at zero level at the output of multiplexer 33) - line 32-0, or is opposite in phase (with a logical unit at the output of multiplexer 33) - line 32-1. Therefore, when changing the signal level at the second input of the EXCLUSIVE OR 32 logic element, the phase of the signal at its output changes to the opposite. Given that the outputs of the EXCLUSIVE OR logic elements 31 and 32 are connected through amplifiers 37 and 38 to bridge transistor switches, this leads to braking torque on the motor shaft, which can lead to a change in the direction of rotation of the motor shaft (reverse). Therefore, by setting the signal level at the output of multiplexer 33, it is possible to set the direction of rotation of the shaft or to perform dynamic braking, which is used to stabilize the speed of rotation determined by the master oscillator 34. In this case, the direction of rotation is determined depending on the connected output of the comparator 23 - direct or inverse.

Initially, the rotation speed is determined by the frequency of the oscillator on transistors of different types of conductivity 24 and 25. But when a signal appears on the measuring winding 22 of the inductor 19, this signal synchronizes the oscillator frequency. If it is necessary to stabilize the rotation speed of the motor shaft, a master oscillator 34 is used, the frequency of which determines the rotation speed. The choice of the operating mode of the valve motor is determined by the signal levels at the inputs of the selection of the multiplexer 33.

The mechanical characteristic of the valve motor is shown in Fig.4. Despite the absence of position sensors, the mechanical characteristic is linear and close to the mechanical characteristic of a DC collector motor with independent excitation.

As can be seen from the description of the proposed valve electric motor, it does not have a rotor position sensor, which significantly reduces the dimensions and increases the reliability of operation. The absence of a position sensor also simplifies the electronic part of the valve motor, as the requirements for the blocks generating signals from the rotor position sensors are reduced, and the efficiency of the device is increased, due to the operation in key mode with low losses of electric energy.

The work of the proposed device is carried out according to complex laws and with high quality.

Claims (1)

A valve motor containing a synchronous machine with a two-phase armature winding, the first and second phase windings of which are included in the diagonals of the corresponding first and second bridge transistor switches, each of which contains four transistors and four protective diodes, as well as a choke containing a measuring winding and two power windings, with each transistor switch connected between a common power bus and the corresponding power winding of the inductor, the other leads of both power windings are connected to potential power bus, in addition, the first and second logical elements EXCLUSIVE OR and a comparator, characterized in that the first and second power amplifiers are introduced, the outputs of each of which are connected to the corresponding control inputs of the corresponding transistor switches, a phase detector and a filter connected in series, the output of which connected to the input of the comparator, as well as a master oscillator, the output of which is connected to the second input of the phase detector, the input of which is connected to the emitter of the second transistor a generator and a clock input of a binary counter, the first output of which is connected to the first input of the first EXCLUSIVE OR logic element, the second input of which is connected to the second output of the binary counter and the first input of the second EXCLUSIVE OR logic element, the second input of which is connected to the multiplexer output, the first and second inputs which are connected respectively to the potential and common power bus, the direct and inverse outputs of the compar are connected respectively to the third and fourth inputs of the multiplexer Ora, the fifth and sixth inputs of the multiplexer are selection inputs, respectively, the outputs of the first and second logic gates are EXCLUSIVE OR connected to the inputs of the first and second power amplifiers, respectively, while one of the outputs of the measuring winding of the inductor through voltage divider resistors is connected to the anode of the bipolar diode and the potential bus power supply, the emitter of the first transistor of the oscillator is connected to the midpoint of the voltage divider, the collector of the first transistor is connected to the base of the second transistor reverse conductivity of the oscillator, the collector of which is connected to the base of the first transistor of the oscillator and the cathode of a bipolar diode, the emitter of the second transistor is connected to one of the terminals of the measuring winding of the inductor and through a resistor to the common power bus.

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