RU2364581C2 - Industrial explosive substance - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to field of industrial explosive substances. Industrial explosive substance contains explosive sensitiser with particulae size not more than 6 mm and with humidity from 0 to not more than 5 wt % in form of milled powders and/or fuels of ballistic, pyroxylin type, or spherical powders, or their mixtures, ammonium nitrate as oxidant, polyakrylamide or nitrous salt of carboxymethylcellulose as gel-forming polymer, structuring addive in form of salt of polyvalent metal (Cr⁺², Cr⁺³, Fe⁺³, Al⁺³), transformer oil, instrument oil, straw oil, industrial oil or their mixture as phlegmatiser and water.

EFFECT: invention allows obtaining of explosive composition with critical detonation diametre not more than 50 mm, which preserves physical stability during warranty term of storing.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of industrial explosives used in blasting in the mining, oil, gas and other industries.

Granular industrial explosives (hereinafter referred to as PVV) of the type “ammonium nitrate - diesel fuel” are widely known in the world, in Russia, for example, igdanite (L. Dubnov and other Industrial explosives. - M., Nedra, 1988 .), which is a mixture of an oxidizing agent - ammonium nitrate and combustible liquid petroleum products, comprising up to 60% of PVV used in the mining industry. However, due to the low physical stability, expressed in the interphase separation of liquid and solid components and low detonation characteristics, these explosives are used only to undermine rocks of medium strength.

An explosive is known, including an explosive sensitizer in an amount of 9-30 wt.% And a water-gel base containing, wt.%: Ammonium nitrate 50-70, a gelling polymer - polyacrylamide or sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose, structuring the addition of a number of borates, antimonates, chromates , ethyl alcohol or ethylene glycol and an additive that regulates the rate of structuring (RU 2180328 C1, 2002).

The disadvantages of the known explosive are a fairly narrow temperature range of its performance, as well as the complexity of the technology for its production, due to the need to introduce a water-soluble additive of a number of ethanol or ethylene glycol and an additive that regulates the rate of structuring.

US Pat. No. 3,235,425 A, 1966, discloses an explosive substance devoid of the indicated drawbacks of the following composition, wt.%: Explosive sensitizer of a number of smokeless nitrocellulose powders - 8-70, ammonium nitrate 20-80, water 5-45, gelling polymer (thickener) 0.2-5.0 and structuring additive 0.2-3.0.

However, a disadvantage of the known explosive is its low sensitivity to the shock wave due to the sensitizer used.

The use of explosive (RU 2076089 C1, 1997) as an explosive sensitizer of ballistic rocket fuel provides increased sensitivity to the shock wave, however, its disadvantage is the negative oxygen balance, which leads to the production of toxic explosion products and a decrease in explosive performance.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed explosive is PVV (RU 2038348 C1, 1995), containing, wt.%: Explosive sensitizer 20-35 in combination with 0.5-2.0 instrument oil, gelling polymer 0.5-2 , 0, a structuring additive of 0.015-0.1, water 13-18 and ammonium nitrate, the rest is up to 100.

The disadvantages of this composition include:

- high water content (up to 18 wt.%), leading to phase separation of the explosive composition, which reduces detonation characteristics;

- a high value of the critical diameter of the detonation (80-90 mm), which does not allow the composition to be used in small diameter wells.

The proposed composition of an industrial explosive does not have these drawbacks.

When creating the invention, the task was to develop an inexpensive, but highly effective explosive composition, which has

- the value of the critical diameter of the detonation is not more than 50 mm;

- high operational characteristics, including physical stability during the warranty period of storage: flowability, non-caking, lack of separation of solid and liquid phases;

In addition, when creating the invention, the task was to expand the raw material base for the production of explosives by using gunpowder and solid rocket fuels taken out of service as an explosive sensitizer.

To solve this problem, an industrial explosive composition is proposed, including an explosive sensitizer, ammonium nitrate as an oxidizing agent, polyacrylamide or sodium carboxymethyl cellulose as a gel-forming polymer, a structuring additive in the form of a polyvalent metal salt, a phlegmatizer and water, characterized in that it contains an explosive sensitizer with a particle size of not more than 6 mm and with a moisture content of from 0 to not more than 5 wt.% in the form of powdered powders and / or ballistic fuels, pyroxyl new type or spherical powders, or mixtures thereof, as phlegmatizer it comprises a transformer oil, instrument oil, diesel oil, industrial oil, or a mixture thereof, and as the polyvalent metal salt - salt Cr ^+2, Cr ^+3, Fe ⁺³ , Al ⁺³ in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

explosive sensitizer 20,0-40,0 gelling polymer 0.02-1.0 structuring additive 0.001-0.014 phlegmatizer 1.0-4.0 water 1.0-5.0 ammonium nitrate rest.

The invention is directed to the creation of low-cost, but highly efficient environmentally friendly explosives for blasting on rocks of medium and high strength on the earth's surface, in mines and mines, not dangerous for gas and dust.

The proposed composition can be used in dry and flooded wells and holes with a diameter of at least 50 mm.

The temperature range of operation of the proposed composition is from minus 50 ° C to plus 60 ° C.

The introduction of gunpowders and / or fuels of various types or mixtures thereof in a ground state with a particle size of not more than 6 mm into the PVW composition increases the detonation characteristics of the PVV: brisance, reduces the critical detonation diameter to 30-35 mm, which makes it possible to use PVV in wells highly efficiently and bore holes of small diameter.

The selected particle size distribution of the powders and / or fuels or their mixture (particle size not more than 6 mm) of the explosive sensitizer ensures its uniform distribution in the medium of the granular oxidizing agent, physical stability, flowability and high bulk density.

The use of a gel-forming polymer in the composition helps to reduce dusting, increase the bulk density, respectively, the detonation speed, reduce sensitivity to mechanical stress and static electricity, improve the sanitary and hygienic conditions for the manufacture and use of the proposed PVV.

The gel-forming polymer that is part of the proposed PVV, interacting with the water contained in the PVV, forms a gel shell on the surface of the particles of gunpowder and / or fuel. As a result of this, during detonation of an individual particle of gunpowder and / or fuel, the gel shell plays the role of a high-strength undeformable capsule, which ensures a minimum critical diameter of detonation of PVV no more than 50 mm.

At the same time, the gel shell of the particles of gunpowder and / or ballistic, pyroxylin-type fuel eliminates the formation of powder “foam” on the surface of the mouth of a waterlogged well, which consists of highly dispersed particles, which increases the safety of operation of the drilling fluid, increases the density of the well’s charge and allows the use of powder particles less 1 mm.

The strength of the gel shell provides an effective crosslinking of the linear chains of the gel-forming polymer. This is achieved by introducing the optimal content of structuring additives in the composition of the PVV. The introduction of structural additives less than 0.001% does not provide the formation of a stable shell and leads to its destruction during operation in the well from the effects of well water.

The introduction of structuring additives in the range of 0.001-0.014% ensures the formation of a stable shell and the efficiency of the PVV during operation.

A further increase in the content of structuring additives is impractical because their excess content in view of high activity leads to destruction (decrease in strength) of the gel shell and its destruction in the well from exposure to water.

The introduction of a structuring additive also contributes to the formation of a strong protective film on the surface of granules of ammonium nitrate, which leads to a decrease in the hygroscopicity of ammonium nitrate and the caking of PVV.

The phlegmatizer, including transformer oil, or instrument oil, or solar oil, or industrial oil, or a mixture thereof, helps to reduce sensitivity to the mechanical effects of an explosive sensitizer and, in addition, is also an additional fuel. At the same time, the oiling of solid components leads to a decrease in hygroscopicity, a reduction in dusting during manufacture and when equipping wells and holes.

The experimentally selected optimal ratio of gelling polymer (not more than 0.02-1 wt.%), Type of structuring additive (not more than 0.001-0.014 wt.%), Phlegmatizer (not more than 1.0-4.0 wt.%), water (not more than 1.0-5.0 wt.%), an oxidizing agent and expansion of the composition of the explosive sensitizer ensures the preservation of high physical stability (flowability, lack of dusting) of the composition, reduction of the critical detonation diameter, high detonation properties of the PVV in a wide temperature range from minus 50 ° С to plus 60 ° С, guarantees the possibility of initiation zryva standard means, for example, such as an inexpensive patronize Ammonite - 6GV that reduces the cost of blasting in general.

Manufacturing technology of PVCs includes

- preparation of an explosive sensitizer: grinding powders and / or fuels to a particle size of not more than 6 mm on rotary-type apparatuses or disk mills, drying powdered powder and / or fuels to a moisture content of not more than 5.0%;

- mixing ammonium nitrate with a gelling polymer, a structuring additive, a phlegmatizer and an explosive sensitizer;

- packaging in transport containers.

Ready PVV can be stored in the warehouse during the warranty period without changing its operational properties.

Ready PVV is delivered in a transport container to the place of blasting, and the wells are charged directly by filling PVV from the transport container into the well.

Examples of compositions of the proposed PVV in comparison with the prototype are shown in the table.

The proposed industrial explosive passed field tests in quarries in the Sverdlovsk region and the Republic of Belarus. The tests conducted by the UIP confirmed its physical stability during storage, well equipment and high detonation characteristics. Initiation of the UIP was carried out by regular means, including and patronized Ammonite - 6ZHV. There were no failures during the mass bombing.

Claims (1)

An industrial explosive, including an explosive sensitizer, ammonium nitrate as an oxidizing agent, polyacrylamide or sodium carboxymethyl cellulose as a gelling polymer, a structuring additive in the form of a polyvalent metal salt, a phlegmatizer and water, characterized in that it contains an explosive sensitizer of no more than 6 particles mm and with a moisture content of from 0 to not more than 5 wt.% in the form of powdered powders and / or fuels of ballistic, pyroxylin type, or spherical powders, or a mixture thereof, in ETS phlegmatizer it comprises a transformer oil, instrument oil, diesel oil, industrial oil, or a mixture thereof, and as the polyvalent metal salt -. salt Cr ^+2, Cr ^+3, Fe ^+3, Al ⁺³ the following component ratio, wt% :
explosive sensitizer 20,0-40,0 gelling polymer 0.02-1.0 structuring additive 0.001-0.014 phlegmatizer 1.0-4.0 water 1.0-5.0 ammonium nitrate rest