RU2363054C2 - Method of teaching and mastering instruction material - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: pedagogics.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to pedagogy, particularly to the methods of using graphic and sound demonstration material to be learnt. The data unit of instruction material is initially directly transmitted to trainees synchronously in sound and visual forms. After which before transmitting the next data unit, information of the instruction material is displayed on data carriers of trainees. Then after each transmission of the next data unit of instruction material, mastering of instruction material by the trainee is checked, through reproduction by the trainee of the data of unit instruction material in individual perception mode in verbal form on data carriers with its duplication in visual form, and then by individual tele-reflection in verbal form by the trainee of the form and content of instruction material they would have reproduced and display of that information on data carriers.

EFFECT: reduced labour intensiveness of the teaching process, increased volume of instruction material transmitted to the trainee, improved process of storing instruction material by using a data base of instruction material on the subject, created in the process of teaching and learnt by the in the entire period of professional activity by the trainee.

Description

The invention relates to the field of pedagogy, in particular to methods of using visual and sound demonstration of material to be studied.

A known method of teaching and mastering educational material, including the transfer of educational material in blocks (topics, sections) using reference signals. At the first stage, a detailed, figurative and emotional explanation for the trainers of the paragraphs selected for the lesson. The second stage is a concise presentation of the educational material on the reference poster (an enlarged copy of the sheet with the reference signals), scoring, decoding of the basic concepts encoded with various symbols and the logical relationships between them. The third stage is the study of the reference signals that the learner receives and pastes into his album. The fourth stage is the work of students with a textbook and a sheet of reference signals at home. Fifth - the written reproduction of reference signals in the next lesson. Sixth - answers on reference signals (written and oral: tape, according to the sheets of mutual control, etc.). Seventh - the constant repetition and deepening of previously studied educational material (organization of mutual assistance - "pedagogical landing" - not only between classmates, but also between older and younger children) (Shatalov VF Teach everyone, teach everyone. Pedagogical search / Comp. And .N. Bazhenova. - M.: P 24 Pedagogy, 1988 .-- S.143-144).

The disadvantages of the known method of teaching and mastering educational material is insufficiently effective training and assimilation by students of the information in the educational material.

These disadvantages are due to the fact that in the known method, the information of the educational material is encoded using reference signals. It is required from students to memorize reference signals, i.e. additional information. This increases the time spent on the transmission of information of educational material to students and their fatigue.

The constant repetition and deepening by students of the previously studied educational material makes it difficult for students to learn new information of educational material, which ultimately reduces the effectiveness of students to learn information and its amount over a certain period of study.

The use of information from educational material on paper (in summaries, textbooks, books, etc.) limits the ability of students to accumulate this information for subsequent permanent use. Hence the need arises for students to memorize significant amounts of information for their practical application. This increases the time and labor intensity of the learning process. At the same time, a significant amount of information from memorized by students, not claimed in further activities and not repeated, is forgotten after a certain time.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the proposed method is a method of teaching and mastering educational material, including coordinating the individual and collective actions of a group of students with educational material, transferring information from the educational material and exchanging messages between members of the group of students and the student using a local network of tools communication of information carriers on the worksheets of trainees and trainers, information display by means of information display in the mode of personal and group perception by the actions of the trainees and the trainer with the training material on the storage media and the control displayed by the trainees and the actions of the students with the training material on the storage media in the comparison and testing mode. In this case, the training material is transmitted to the learner by data blocks fixed on a group of information carriers having at least three kinds of division according to the knowledge of individual, group and reference, respectively, while the individual data block is presented on the information carrier in the form of a local multimedia storage device , a group data block is represented on information carriers in the form of network multimedia storage devices with the possibility of supplementing with redundant data from publicly available media and data exchange information between members of a group of trainees and a student, and a data block of a reference type is presented on an offline information carrier with a fixed display of training course data in a visual form (RF Patent No. 2197748, CL G09B 5/14, 5/06 , 19/00, 2000 - prototype).

The disadvantages of the known method of training and assimilation of educational material adopted as a prototype are insufficiently effective training and assimilation of information by the trainees of the educational material.

These shortcomings are due to the fact that during distance learning there is no long-term personal communication of students with the teacher in the process of transferring information from educational material. This does not allow the teacher to influence facial expressions, intonation, confident tone, etc. on the process of perception of information by students, and also in general - on the formation of the personality of students.

In addition, with distance learning, it is difficult to control the learning process, since it is not possible to identify the learner of the local network located behind the keyboard of the personal computer.

Monitoring the assimilation of educational material in the comparison and testing mode reduces the effectiveness of the “feedback” between the student and the student, since it does not give a complete picture of the possession of the information of the educational material by students.

The technical solution to the problem is to increase the effectiveness of training and the assimilation of information in educational material.

The objective is achieved in that in a method of teaching and mastering teaching material, including coordinating training of individual and collective actions of a group of students with educational material, transferring information of educational material in data blocks and exchanging messages between members of a group of students and a student using a local network of communication media of students and training, information display by means of information display in the mode of personal and group perception by the actions of trainees and about learning with learning material on information carriers and monitoring the learning of learning material by students, according to the invention, the data block of information of educational material is transmitted first to the students directly synchronously in sound and visual forms, after which, before the transfer of the next block of data of information of educational material, it is displayed on the information carriers of the students, then each times before the transfer of the next block of data of information of educational material, control the assimilation of educational material by students by reproducing by the trainees of the data block of information of educational material in the mode of individual perception in verbal form on information carriers with duplication of it in visual form, and then by conducting verbal form of individual telereflection by the students in form and content of the data block of information of educational material reproduced by them and displaying it on information carriers .

Due to the distinguishing features of the method, i.e. the transfer of two blocks of educational material to students by the trainees will twice allow creating the opportunity to provide the mode of perception of information by trainees, mainly visually, and without distracting them from taking notes of this information. Since the information perceived by the students is not encoded, this allows you to increase the amount of information transmitted during the time allotted for the lecture, and reduce the fatigue of the students.

The transfer of information of educational material at the beginning directly by the learner synchronously in sound and visual forms provides the mode of perception of information by the trainees, while excluding its taking notes, i.e. coding.

The display on the media of the learner of the information of the educational material after the end of the lecture and before the transfer of the next block of information of the educational material will allow the student to provide this information with guaranteed and controlled by the student. At the same time, the amount of information of educational material is incomparably greater than if it is recorded in the student’s notes, and the form of recording information of educational material is more diverse, for example, a combination of text with graphic material, video material and animations.

Conducting control over the assimilation of educational material by students each time before transmitting the next next block of data information of instructional material improves the control of the student over the learning process and creates the prerequisite for using the control of assimilation of instructional material to improve its assimilation by students.

Monitoring the assimilation of educational material by trainees by reproducing by the trainees a block of data information of educational material in the mode of individual perception in verbal form with duplication in visual form on information carriers provides awareness of visual information. Thus, this information is “detached” from a practical concrete situation. The student, as a result of this, can remember her in order to recognize and think about it, and not just use it in a repeating practical situation. This improves the assimilation of educational material by trainees, since what is perceived and remembered can be considered conscious only to the extent that the trainees themselves can be transferred to the II signal system (verbal), i.e. retold.

Conducting individual telereflection by the student in the form and content of the educational process information block of data reproduced by them ensures guaranteed repetition of the information of the educational material. At the same time, the critical self-esteem of the assimilation of educational material contributes to its assimilation by trainees.

The analysis of the properties of the totality of the features of the claimed method and the properties of the totality of the features of the detected prototype and analogues showed that the combination of the features of the claimed method exhibits an enhanced property of the prototype — an increase in the amount of information of educational material transmitted in the learning process, and a new property of the prototype is the storage of information of educational material in practically unlimited volume with its constant addition.

An example of a specific implementation.

Example 1

The lecture room is equipped with a widescreen screen and a projector, for example, SANYO PRO Xtra X multiverse projector, connected to a local network with a training computer network. The educator broadcasts a block of information of educational material to trainees. At the same time, the teacher sets out the information of the educational material and simultaneously displays it on a widescreen screen, controlling it through a network computer.

After the lecture, each student displays the information of the teaching material of the lecture (block) on his individual flash card, and after that it displays it in the electronic memory of his computer. Then, until the next lecture on discipline, students in the mode of individual perception, memorization and comprehension retell in their interpretation the content of the educational material of the lecture, illustrating the text with video fragments of the educational material. Trainees display the completed work on information carriers - in the electronic memory of a personal computer, in particular in the main memory of the computer.

After that, immediately or after a certain time, the trainees individually study their interpretation of the content of the educational material of the lecture displayed in the electronic memory of their personal computer. At the same time, the information is divided by the learner into fragments after each of which a stop is made for transmitting information by a personal computer. During the period of stopping the broadcast of information, the student expresses verbally aloud critical remarks on the form and content of the information in the educational material. The entire study process with critical comments of the student is recorded by a digital video camera and displayed in the electronic memory of his personal computer. After that, each learner transfers information and information about the telereflection conducted by him on the assimilation by him of the information of the educational material using a flash card, and displays it in the electronic memory of the student’s network computer. The teacher, by the presence in the electronic memory of the network computer of the local network serving his discipline, information about the student’s tele-reflection on a specific topic of the lecture determines whether the student worked independently with the material being studied. Studying the content of the telereflection information performed by the learner by the student allows us to assess the degree of assimilation of the information of the training material, i.e. the amount of information and skills, the ability to use it.

Example 2

The local network serving the lecture audience includes a widescreen screen, a projector and a training computer network, which has a file system with the function of fixing and displaying information and a search-methodological database of educational material from local and network storage media in the individual perception mode. Each student in the electronic memory of their computer on the local network serving this discipline is allocated a certain amount of it in the form of a file, access to which is available only to the student and student, which is ensured, for example, by using a password to use the file.

The students are connected by means of communication with the network computer of the local network serving the discipline. In this case, the network computer of the local network is used in server mode, i.e. in a mode of constant round-the-clock functioning

Each student displays the information of the educational material and stores in his file, using, for example, wireless communication, and also his personal computer or laptop or diskless terminal containing a keyboard and display.

The teacher presents the information of the educational material, as shown in example 1.

After the lecture, the teacher displays the information of the educational material of the lecture (block of information) in the files of students of the electronic memory of the network computer of the local network. Moreover, the information of the educational material is duplicated by human speech, i.e. presented in visual and verbal forms. This provides subsequently, when students are working with information from educational material, a comprehensive perception of information by their senses - visual and auditory analyzers. As a result, the best conditions for the perception and understanding of the information of the educational material are provided, and hence its best memorization.

Before the next lecture (block of information) on the discipline, the students in the individual perception mode retell the content of the lecture's teaching material in the form of answers to questions formulated by the teacher and displayed in the trainees' files simultaneously with the information of the lecture's teaching material. Presentation by the learner of the information in the educational material in the form of "detailed" answers to the questions of the educator increases the intensity of their study of information. In this case, the students selectively work with information: they identify the main and non-essential in the text, its main provisions, the relationship between them, keywords, etc. There is a process of studying the information of educational material, including the operations of mental activity: analysis and synthesis, comparison and generalization, abstraction, classification, etc.

After the exposition of the information of the educational material in its interpretation, each student conducts a tele-reflection of the work done, as described in example 1, and displays it in his file on the network computer of the local network serving his discipline.

Using the proposed method of teaching and mastering educational material in comparison with known methods of teaching and mastering educational material will allow:

- to increase the effectiveness of training and mastering of learning material by trainees while reducing the complexity of the learning process;

- increase the specific volume of information of educational material broadcast by the student;

- to improve the process of storing information of educational material by using a database of educational material on the discipline created in the learning process and updated during the entire subsequent professional activity of the student;

- to optimize the process of formation of creative professional thinking of students, their abilities and skills to work with the information of educational material.

Claims (1)

A method of teaching and mastering teaching material, including coordination of individual and collective actions by a student of a group of students with educational material, transfer of information of educational material by data blocks and exchange of messages between members of a group of students and a student using a local network of communication media of information of students and the teacher, information display by means displaying information in the mode of personal and group perception by the actions of trainees and students with educational material and information carriers and the control of learning material assimilation by students, characterized in that the information material block of the educational material is transmitted at the beginning directly to the students synchronously in sound and visual forms, after which it is displayed on the information media of the students before the next block of information of the educational material is transmitted, then each time before the transfer of the next data block of information of the educational material, control the assimilation of educational material by the trainees by the reproduction of the data block by the trainees information of educational material in the mode of individual perception in verbal form on information carriers with its duplication in visual form, and then conducting individual telereflection in verbal form by students in form and content of the educational material information block reproduced by them and displaying it on information carriers.