RU2356801C1 - Railway aircraft takeoff/landing aerodrome complex - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanics; aircraft industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to aircraft industry, and namely to mobile aerodrome complexes. Railway aircraft takeoff/landing aerodrome complex consists of thrust power plants, for example, locomotives, and a number of involved railway platforms - railway cars-modules. Platforms are provided with folding consoles, and outer and inner hinged folding end-type inserts resting on the turning stiffening beams and fixed with the locks closing inter-car openings. Aerodrome complex is made of dual train sets of cars arranged on two straight lines oriented relative to wind rose in the form of equilateral triangle for loosening cross-wind component, coupled with locomotives for carrying out acceleration of train sets of cars at a speed of 100-120 km/h before and during landing and takeoff of manoeuvrable airborne vehicle.

EFFECT: providing takeoff and landing of manoeuvrable airborne vehicles under conditions of restricted railway sections.

5 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of aviation and can find application as runways in emergencies, in areas of natural disasters, local military conflicts, where the runways are disabled, etc.

A known method of landing an aircraft on a platform and a device for its implementation, RF patent No. 2093429, B64F 1/00 from 10.20.1997. The method of landing an aircraft on a platform moving in the direction of landing is to reduce the aircraft, simultaneously reduce its speed and increase the speed of the platform to the landing speed of the aircraft in the area of their close interaction. Before the aircraft and the platform touch, they carry out a horizontal flight of the aircraft above the platform at a minimum height with a guaranteed clearance and a speed equal to the speed of the platform, touch them while maintaining the possibility of mutual movement, stabilize the aircraft according to roll, heading and pitch.

A self-propelled platform with the ability to move in the landing direction with the aircraft landing speed, equipped with a brake device, comprises a landing mechanism with a device for gripping the armature with a flexible connection connected to the aircraft, and a device for fixing the aircraft on the platform. The landing mechanism is made in the form of a conveyor with the possibility of stopping by a flexible connection after it pulls the aircraft to the cargo landing area with a screen between its upper and lower branches and the transporting links in the form of hooks to capture the anchor. The platform is equipped with guides and equipped with a cargo landing pad for landing on it an airplane with shock absorbers, for example pneumatic, under which the landing mechanism is located. Guides for the movement of the platform are located on the edges of the runway, and the platform is equipped with a pre -ressor wheel support located under the cargo landing pad and guides for launching the aircraft.

However, the patent discusses a moving conveyor with a speed equal to the landing speed of the aircraft, which is a technically difficult task at landing speeds of modern maneuverable aircraft V _pos = 270 ÷ 300 km / h.

Known mobile railway airfield complex, RF patent No. 2121451, B64F 1/00, B61D 17/00, 1998. The airfield complex is made on the basis of railway cars of the freight fleet and railway stations (nodes). The railway platform consists of extreme folding side platforms, intermediate folding side platforms, moving platforms of railway platforms, movably fixed platforms, jacks, locking devices.

The airdrome complex is based on a number of railway platforms measuring 20 × 3 m with a lifting capacity of 60 tons. The platform is a frame structure based on a spinal beam, two lateral longitudinal, two end, a number of intermediate transverse beams. The body of the platform is equipped with metal flooring. To move goods from one carriage to another, there are end crossing platforms pivotally mounted along the edges of the body frames.

The railway platform is equipped with folding side platforms with jacks and hydraulic or pneumatic devices to ensure smooth lowering of the platforms. At the same time, on the end sides of the hinged side platforms there are movably fixed platforms.

When assembling the runway of the complex to the track park (through the track), at least two train structures of the runway modules of the required length are driven to the track stops set in the alignment. Starting from the end of the trains, the runway railway modules are sequentially deployed using smoothly descending devices. In this case, first of all, the hinged side platforms are lowered and installed on jack supports. The latter are pushed out from the hinged side platforms and mounted on a free rail of an adjacent track, and the hinged side platforms are set to the required vertical position. Then the crossing platforms of railway platforms are lowered, movably fixed platforms are moved to the initial (working) position. At the end of the deployment, all the hinged and movable elements of the railway runway modules are mutually fastened with locking devices. This complex is the closest to the proposed one.

However, this complex is not designed for landing or takeoffs of maneuverable aircraft in linear railway sections ~ 1000 m long.

The technical result to which the invention is directed is to provide takeoff and landing of maneuverable aircraft (LA) in conditions of limited sections of railway tracks and emergency situations.

Salient features

A railway aerodrome take-off and landing complex for aircraft, for example, manned or unmanned, containing power traction units, for example locomotives, a number of connected railway platforms - module cars, made with folding consoles, external and internal, supported by rotary stiffness beams, folding folding inserts end type, fixed with locks that cover the intercar openings, forming trains on the rails of adjacent parallel tracks with a single rigid strip - take-off ground platform (runway) covered with flooring, according to the invention, the runway is placed on double trains installed on two straight tracks oriented relative to the "wind rose", in the form of an equilateral triangle to attenuate the side component of the wind, coupled with locomotives to accelerate at a speed of 100 -120 km / h before and during landing and take-off of a maneuverable aircraft.

For takeoff, the mobile runway is equipped with a springboard with an installation angle α = 3-5 °, which provides the initial angle of the aircraft trajectory take-off. In this case, the take-off length is reduced to 150-200 m for the aircraft taking off in afterburner operation.

In addition, cable-type aerofinisher with hydraulic braking devices restricting the mutual movement of the aircraft and the runway, dissipating the kinetic energy of the landing aircraft to the permissible overload for landing equipped with brake nuts of the aircraft.

In addition, the complex includes a strap-on navigation system with an integrated GPS / Glonass receiver, including laser gyroscopes and accelerometers mounted on three axes, connected to integration units for diagnosing platform movements and monitoring railroad wear, and installed with an indicator in the operator's cab.

The complex includes systems of axial and contour-mounted signal lights for the landing pad, driven beacons, and a command post installed on the rear edge of the runway.

To explain the invention, figure 1 shows the structural-functional diagram of the railway airfield aerodrome complex take-off and landing aircraft, the equipment used, which shows:

1 - aircraft;

2 - runway on connected platforms-carriages-modules;

3 - aerofinisher cables;

4 - devices for quenching the energy of aircraft;

5 - platform braking system;

6 - springboard removable type at the end of the runway;

7 - lights of the alarm system;

8 - drive radio beacon;

9 - traction locomotives;

10 - protected command post (cabin) of the operator;

11 - wheelsets;

12 - rails;

18 - a separate module car;

20 - platform car module.

Figure 2 shows a front view of the associated platform runway (runway):

2 - runway on related platforms - module cars;

11 - wheelsets;

12 - rails;

13 - folding folding external and internal consoles of the module car;

14, 15 - removable stiffening beams;

16 - restrictive side;

17 - coupling device - locks;

20 - platform car module.

Figure 3 shows a top view of the associated platform of the runway (runway) on the double trains installed on two straight tracks;

2 - runway on related platforms - module cars;

13 - folding folding external and internal consoles;

18 - a separate module car;

19 - the head pair of traction cars (symmetrically on both sides of the runway).

The railway aerodrome take-off and landing complex (CWP) of maneuverable aircraft contains a number of connected railway platforms 2 covered with a deck, platforms 2 are installed in the form of a movable take-off and landing platform (runway) on wheelsets 11 on rails 12 of adjacent tracks (see Fig. 1) . Platforms 2 with brake systems 5 contain folding folding consoles external and internal 13 coupled devices - intermediate folding platforms - folding console 13, locking device 17 (see figure 2). The coupled platforms 2 are docked with the head pair of traction locomotives 9. The KVP includes cable finishers 3, 4 with hydraulic braking devices 4 for damping the kinetic energy of the aircraft during landing. To take off the aircraft, the KVP is equipped with a springboard 6 with α = 3-5 ° installed in the front of the complex. The runway of the complex along the central line and along the contour is indicated by landing signal lights 7 that make up the light signaling system. Driving beacons 8, command post 10 and the operator's cab are installed on the rear edge of the runway KVP.

KVP works as follows.

The runway of the established size is formed in the form of a paired train on two parallel standard gauge tracks in such a way that 7-8 pairs of wagons form a single rigid and strong strip of ~ 18 × 150 m in size, covered with a deck for better adhesion to the aircraft landing gear wheels (see Fig. 1 and 2).

The module car has folding consoles 13, external and internal, supported by rotary stiffness beams 14, 15. Intercar openings are closed by folding folding end-face inserts secured by clamps 17. For deployment and cleaning, folding folding consoles 13 are equipped with an electro-hydraulic drive.

For landing, the runway is equipped with cable finishers 3, 4: four brake cables with a distance of 12 m between the cables, see figure 1. Flights are carried out by maneuverable aircraft equipped with brake hooks. In this case, the role of the braking device is performed by the movable runway itself as an inert body of finite mass, which perceives and extinguishes the kinetic energy of the landing aircraft to an allowable overload for landing. A maneuverable aircraft with a landing mass of 20 tons, at a speed of 70 m / s, after touching and braking accelerates a platform moving at an initial speed of 2-2.5 m / s to a speed of 7-8 m / s. At the time of braking, the longitudinal overload reaches n _x = 2.5-4 depending on the path length on the platform after touching (L _CR = 30-60 m).

Locomotives accelerate the train at a speed of 100-120 km / h before the start of the maneuverable aircraft to ensure, when taking off from the springboard 6 in afterburning operation of the aircraft engine at a separation speed of V _av = 70-75 m / s. A maneuverable aircraft at the accepted distance should have a thrust-to-weight ratio K _t > 0.8. Runway acceleration is carried out by an autonomous power plant - 9 locomotives so that the take-off run is reduced to 150-200 m. For this, the required thrust of the power plant 9 with a mass of 500 t is 75-80 t ~ 15000 hp

The runway in the transport position is divided into separate module cars to the place of arrival, the runway deployment time is 2-3 hours. To ensure flights along the entire “wind rose”, the working distances of the tracks are arranged in the form of an equilateral triangle with a side length of ~ 1500-2000 m, with this total area of the airfield is 130 ha. Parking lots, platforms, buildings and other structures are located inside this triangle.

To control the deterioration of railway tracks and determine their slopes depending on the distance, a strap-down inertial navigation system (SINS) with an indicator installed in the operator’s cabin 10. A SINS includes three-stage laser gyroscopes and accelerometers connected to integration units, an integrated GPS / receiver Glonass and installed in the operator's cab.

Railway stations - intermediate, district, sorting, freight, industrial - include track parks with fairly long linear sections of 850-1250 m. Slopes along the longitudinal and transverse profiles of stations i <0.0025-0.02, which meets the requirements, runway landing requirements. The distance between the axes of the tracks on the linear sections of the parks is normalized and amounts to 5.3 m. The areas of the track parks at the stations are equipped with drainage and drainage systems ensuring their all-weather operation.

When approaching, the commands generated by the calculator are transmitted from the operator’s command post 10 via the data line to LA 1, where they are sent to the automatic flight control system (ACS). Data on deviations from the flight path are also transmitted to the aircraft on the display of the pilot, allowing the pilot to control the system. ACS supports the aircraft on a given flight path along the heading and glide path of planning, while the automatic traction provides the desired angle of attack during approach. About 12 seconds before landing on the runway, self-propelled guns generate and transmit commands to the aircraft taking into account the movement of the train. These commands are entered at intervals of 1-2 s and are indicated by a mark on the indicator scale on the windshield to control the vertical position of the aircraft in such a way that the aircraft is “in phase” with the moving runway of the complex.

In the last seconds of the landing approach, usually 6-10 s before landing, additional pitching commands can be used to conduct the aircraft through the satellite stream or the flow stall area behind the airspace, using the measured ACS and the aircraft coordinate system landing when passing through the satellite stream area ( stall) KVP.

When landing in the director's, positional control aircraft is carried out according to information on the display in the cockpit. Error data is transmitted to LA 1 and reproduced by the corresponding indicators on the dashboard and on the windshield. The pilot controls the aircraft 1, using the indication until the platform platform complex KVP is not visible. At this point, at a distance of 2-3 km, the pilot proceeds to use visual landing aids. When the aircraft 1 is already on the glide path of planning and the center line of the runway, the pilot is only required to make minor corrections to enter the runway target upon landing.

The operator in the cockpit of the command post 10 of the airspace during the approach, observes deviations in azimuth and elevation on the control indicator and gives voice commands to the pilot. Deviations of the course and glide path from a given trajectory are transmitted to the aircraft 1 via a standard voice communication line.

The runway landing system provides for safety factors, backup subsystems, computer verification subsystems, monitors and position indicators for aircraft 1. All phases of the final stage of the approach and landing can be controlled both by the pilot and the operator of the command post 10 aircraft.

If the aircraft 1, approaching the landing, exceeds the permissible limits when controlling the self-propelled guns landing, or switch the system to manual mode, or give the command to go to the second round. The second lap command will automatically begin to be given 5-10 seconds before landing if control limits are exceeded.

The system includes signal systems for landing lights installed along the axis and along the contour, driven beacons and a command post installed at the rear edge.

Claims (5)

1. Railway aerodrome take-off and landing complex for aircraft, for example, manned or unmanned, containing power traction units, for example locomotives, a number of connected railway platforms - module cars, made with folding consoles, external and internal, based on hinged stiffening beams, folding folding end-face inserts, fastened with locks, closing intercar openings, forming trains on rails of adjacent parallel tracks with a single rigid strip - take-off and landing ground platform, covered with flooring, characterized in that the airdrome complex is made up of double trains placed on two straight tracks oriented relative to the "wind rose", in the form of an equilateral triangle to weaken the lateral component of the wind, coupled with locomotives to disperse the trains at a speed of 100-120 km / h before and during landing and take-off of a maneuverable aircraft. 2. The railway airfield aerodrome take-off and landing complex according to claim 1, characterized in that for takeoff, the runway is equipped with a springboard with an installation angle α = 3-5 °, providing an initial angle of trajectory take-off, while the take-off length is reduced to 150-200 m for the aircraft taking off at afterburner operation. 3. The railway airfield aerodrome take-off and landing complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the cable-type aerofinisher with hydraulic braking devices limiting the mutual movement of the maneuverable aircraft and the runway dispersing the kinetic energy of the landing aircraft to an acceptable load are additionally installed for landing maneuverable aircraft equipped with brake nuts. 4. The railway airfield aerodrome take-off and landing complex according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes a strap-on navigation system with an integrated GPS / Glonass receiver, including accelerometers mounted on three axes, laser gyroscopes connected to integration blocks for moving platforms for precision control of railway wear, and installed in the operator's cab. 5. The railway aerodrome take-off and landing complex of aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes systems of signal lights for the landing site, installed along the axis and along the contour, driven beacons and a command post installed on the rear edge of the runway .

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