RU2355989C1 - Method of compensating aiming mark position change and holographic collimating sight - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weaponry.

SUBSTANCE: set of inventions relates to holographic collimating sights generating virtual image of aiming mark with the help of holographic optical element (HOE). The proposed method of compensating angular position of aiming mark in holographic collimating sight comprises the steps that follow. The collimated laser beam is formed to be consecutively directed onto two achromatising diffraction gratings, the first one being transmissive, while the other one being either transmissive or reflecting. The laser beam, diffracted in the 1^st order, is directed to HOE which reestablishes aforesaid virtual image in the aiming space. The proposed holographic collimating sight comprises a laser, rotary mirror, collimating lens, achromatising diffraction grating and HOE that forms the virtual image of aiming mark in aiming space. There are two possible versions of the sight. In compliance with the first version, the sight incorporates two achromatising transmissive diffraction gratings. In compliance with the second version, the sight incorporates consecutively arranged achromatizing transmissive diffraction grating and achromatising reflecting diffraction grating. Spatial frequency of achromatising transmissive diffraction grating and HOE can differ.

EFFECT: stable position of observed aiming mark image during temperature drift of light source wavelength, compensation of dispersion blurring of image when wide-spectral bandpass sources are used.

16 cl, 12 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to holographic collimator sights, forming an imaginary image of the sighting mark at infinity using a hologram optical element (GOE).

State of the art

Conventional collimator sights consist of a telescopic optical system (telescopic tube), in the focal plane of the lens of which there is an aiming mark (usually a luminous dot), the image of which in turn is examined by the eye of an arrow through the eyepiece. In the process of aiming the eyes, the arrow is closely mounted to the eyepiece of the telescopic tube, and the image of the target is viewed through a tube having a corresponding increase. Usually an increase in the collimator sight is such that the field of view in which the target and the image of the aim mark are observed are small (several degrees). This leads to the fact that vibration of the arms and arms, air vibrations, etc. have a significant impact on the aiming process. This, in turn, leads to the fact that the position of the shooter in the process of aiming must be strictly static and it is impossible to ensure aiming in the "dynamics".

In this sense, the holographic collimator sight provides the aiming process in “dynamics”, since the shooter's eye does not need to be installed close to the sight, but you can look through it at any distance, like in a “window”, and see the aiming mark at infinity, which is for dynamic firing is very important. Thus, a significant advantage of the holographic collimator sight is realized - the ease of the aiming process.

The creation of a new sighting device, such as a holographic collimator sight, involves increasing the angular field of view, minimizing the size and mass of the optical elements through the use of hologram optical elements in the collimating system of the input channel for additional information.

Various options have been proposed for solving this problem in foreign and domestic samples of holographic collimator sights.

The patent (VK Salakhutdinov. Holographic Sight. Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2034321 of April 30, 1995 [1]) describes a device for a holographic collimator sight containing a hologram optical element (GOE), when the illumination is restored by laser radiation at infinity, the aim mark is restored . A distinctive feature of this sight is that the GOE is reflective and synthesized from optically transparent layers with different refractive indices. This is also the main disadvantage of this system, since the backlighting is illuminated at a small angle (less than 10 °) in the direction of the target, as a result of which part of the radiation passes through the hologram optical element and the arrow unmasks.

Patent (Anthony M. Tai, Northville; Juris Upatnieks; Eric J. Sieczka, both of Ann Arbor, all of Mich. Compact holographic sight, Patent USA No 5483362 of Jan. 09, 1996 [2]) presents a holographic collimator scope design , in which all the elements are installed in separate fixtures on a common basis. The circuit contains a laser source, the radiation from which, after passing through the lens and achromatizer, illuminates the GOE, from which the aim mark is restored. The lens forms a parallel beam, and the achromatizer ensures a constant position of the aiming mark when the wavelength changes due to temperature effects. Also, the sight provides brightness adjustment and adjustment to align the position of the sighting mark. The sight can also, due to an inclined beam or additional optical elements, turn an elliptical beam emitted by a laser diode into a round beam to ensure uniform illumination of the GOE. In addition, it was proposed to use various optical schemes containing prisms to compactify the scheme. In this case, it is possible to change the angle of incidence of radiation at the GOE (and, consequently, the scheme for obtaining a hologram optical element) to achieve that the zeroth order makes up a larger angle with the first (working) order. This is necessary for the convenience of using the sight when the eye of the arrow is located close to the GOE. However, with a change in the wavelength, the refractive index of the prism changes, which leads to some change in the angle of incidence on the GOE. Since the law of variation of the refractive index of a prism with a change in wavelength is nonlinear, it is not possible to take it into account. The disadvantage of this scheme is that all components are located on one straight line, as a result of which the longitudinal dimension of the sight increases significantly and cannot be used on the gun, and a large number of adjustments complicates the design and the process of setting up the entire sight.

The scope scheme presented in (Shoidin S.A., Kondakov V.Yu. Holographic scope. Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2210713 dated 08.20.2003, [4]) differs from the scheme considered in [2] in that after The radiation source has a focusing lens and a micro diaphragm. The micro-diaphragm provides a high resolution image of the aiming mark when using a radiation source with large angular dimensions of the luminous body. A lens to reduce losses focuses the radiation on a point aperture. With the dimensions of the radiation body of existing laser diodes, which are used in systems of a similar type, there is no need for such a complication of the design, and the quality of the aiming mark image restored without a micro-diaphragm allows you to clearly observe both the aiming mark itself and the target against the background of the terrain. Therefore, the main drawback is the complexity of the design, large dimensions and weight of the sight.

The closest analogue to the proposed holographic collimator scope is the scope described in the patent (Anthony M. Tai, Northville, MI (US); Eric J. Sieczka, Saline, MI (US). Lightweight holographic sight, Patent USA No. 6490060 of Dec . 03, 2002, [5]) and adopted as a prototype.

In this patent, the optical scheme of the holographic sight (Fig. 1) includes a laser diode sequentially mounted along the optical axis, a rotary flat mirror, an off-axis spherical mirror, a hologram reflective diffraction grating, and a hologram optical element.

In this case, an off-axis spherical mirror is made in the form of an optical part with two spherical surfaces with different radii of curvature, with an antireflection coating (at the appropriate laser wavelength) applied to the front spherical surface and a reflective (usually aluminum) coating applied to the rear spherical surface. The radii of curvature and the refractive index of the optical part of the collimating mirror are designed to minimize spherical aberration, which allows the formation of a collimated laser beam with the required degree of divergence.

The hologram reflective diffraction grating is designed to compensate for changes in the wavelength of the radiation of the laser diode caused by changes in the temperature of the sight and its environment.

GOE is designed to form an aiming mark at infinity by restoring the corresponding wave of light when it is illuminated by collimated laser radiation. In turn, the GOE is installed between two flat optical glasses, which serve to protect the GOE from dust, scratches and other influences.

The disadvantages of this holographic collimator sight are:

1. the manufacture of a collimating mirror in the form of a single optical part made of glass with two spherical surfaces does not allow minimizing spherical aberration to ensure the required divergence of the laser radiation when illuminating the GOE. This leads to additional hologram aberrations and an increase in the parallax of the reticle when it is restored;

2. the installation of the GOE between two glass plates leads to additional re-reflections in the air gaps between the GOE and the plates and to the appearance of spurious interference, therefore, to distortions when restoring the aiming mark at infinity;

3. The installation of one achromatizing reflective diffraction grating between a collimating mirror and a hologram optical element makes it possible to compensate for the departure of the angular position of the aiming mark in the holographic collimator sight when restoring the aiming mark at distances up to 100 meters;

4. In addition, compensation for the departure of the angular position of the aiming mark using an achromatizing reflective diffraction grating is carried out for specific angles of incidence of the laser light on the diffraction grating, and not for the entire range of variation of the angles of incidence.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The objective of the invention is the creation of a holographic collimator sight (HCP) with the elimination of the disadvantages of the prototype.

The technical result of the invention is the construction of optical schemes of a holographic collimator sight, which allows minimizing and effectively eliminating displacements of the aiming mark for different distances of restoration of the aiming mark, which appear as a result of changes in the laser wavelength caused by temperature fluctuations in the environment.

A way to compensate for the departure of the angular position of the aiming mark is that with the help of a laser diode, a swivel mirror and a lens, a collimated laser beam is formed, directed at an appropriate angle of incidence onto the achromatizing reflective diffraction grating. Next, a laser light diffracted in the first order is reflected from the achromatizing reflective diffraction grating and is directed at an appropriate angle to the hologram optical element, with the help of which the imaginary image of the aiming mark is restored. The technical result is achieved due to the fact that an additionally collimated laser light beam is directed at an appropriate angle of incidence to an additional achromatic transmitting or reflecting diffraction grating. And the laser light diffracted in the first order is directed at an appropriate angle to the achromatic reflecting diffraction grating.

In the HCP, the technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the sight containing a laser sequentially mounted on the optical axis, a rotary mirror, a collimating lens, an achromatizing reflective diffraction grating, a hologram optical element forming an imaginary image of the aiming mark in the aiming space, an additional achromatic transmitting or reflecting diffraction grating with equal or different spatial frequencies from the frequencies of AODR and GOE, depending on the distribution thaw, on which the aiming mark is restored.

Description of the invention and the attached figures

Figure 1 presents a variant of the optical scheme of the HCP using two achromatic transmitting diffraction gratings (APDR1 and APDR2) located parallel to each other and at an angle β to the hologram optical element.

Figure 2 presents a diagram explaining the process of compensating for the angular displacement of the aiming mark for the optical circuit HKP shown in figure 1.

FIG. 3 shows a variant of the optical GCP scheme using two achromatizing transmission diffraction gratings (APDR1 and APDR2) with an angle α between them and an angle β between APDR2 and the GOE.

Figure 4 presents a variant of the optical scheme of the HCP using one APDR and achromatic reflecting diffraction grating (AODR) located at an angle α between them and the angle β between AODR and GOE.

Figure 5 presents a diagram explaining the process of compensating for the angular displacement of the aiming mark for the optical circuit GKP shown in figure 4.

6 shows a graph of the change in the diffraction angle δ (θ _BAK) on GREs the angle of incidence of the laser radiation on APDR1 at values of the spatial frequency ν = ν _{APDR1 APDR2 HOE} = ν = 1000 1 / mm and a wavelength change from 630 nm to 670 nm for the optical circuit GKP shown in FIG.1.

FIG. 7 shows a graph of the dependence of the change in the diffraction angle δ (θ _KDR ) on the GOE versus the angle of incidence of laser radiation on APDR1 at spatial frequencies ν _APDR1 = ν _APDR2 = 1000 1 / mm, ν _GOE = 800 1 / mm and wavelength from 630 nm to 670 nm for the optical circuit HKP shown in FIG.1.

FIG. 8 shows a graph of the dependence of the change in the diffraction angle δ (θ _KDR ) on the GOE versus the angle of incidence of laser radiation on APDR1 at spatial frequencies ν _APDR1 = 1000 1 / mm, ν _APDR2 = 1200 1 / mm, ν _GOE = 800 1 / mm and a change in wavelength from 630 nm to 670 nm for the optical circuit HKP depicted in FIG. 1.

9 shows a graph of changes in the angle α between APDR2 GREs and in dependence on the angle of incidence at values APDR1 spatial frequency ν = ν _{APDR1 APDR2 HOE} = ν = 1000 1 / mm for the optical circuit PCU shown in FIG.1.

FIG. 10 shows a graph of the dependence of the change in the angle α between APDR2 and GOE on the angle of incidence on APDR1 at spatial frequencies ν _APDR1 = ν _APDR2 = 1000 1 / mm, ν _GOE = 800 1 / mm for the optical GPC scheme shown in FIG. one.

Figure 11 presents a graph of the dependence of the change in the angle α between APDR2 and GOE versus the angle of incidence on APDR1 at spatial frequencies ν _APDR1 = 1000 1 / mm, ν _APDR2 = 1200 1 / mm, ν _GOE = 800 1 / mm.

12 is a graph of changes of the diffraction angle δ (θ) of the angle of incidence of the radiation on AODR for values of the spatial frequency ν = ν _{AODR HOE} = 1200 1 / mm and a wavelength change from 630 nm to 670 nm for the optical system shown in prototype.

The principles used to solve the problems considered in the present invention are illustrated by the accompanying figures.

In FIGS. 1 and 3, an optical GPC circuit is used with two APDR or one APDR and one AODR (in the case of FIG. 4) and a hologram optical element, designed to compensate for the departure of the angular position of the aiming mark of the radiation source wavelength when reconstructed at distances from 100 to 300 meters. The first feature of these HCP optical schemes is that the second APDR (or AODR) does not introduce additional angular dispersions into the system, and, in addition, the second diffraction grating has a spatial frequency ν _KDR2 , which could be varied to compensate for the remaining angular dispersions in the system . The second feature of the optical circuits shown in FIGS. 1, 3 and 4 is that either the angle α exists between the second ADF and the hologram optical element (FIG. 1), or the angle α exists between the first ADF and the second diffraction grating, and between the second APDR (AODR) and GOE - angle β (FIG. 3, 4). This leads to the appearance of an additional angular dispersion at the last element of the optical scheme. Therefore, when using data from optical GCP schemes, we pose the following constructive assumption. Since the principle of calculation of such compensating optical systems is reduced to determining the optimal angle α that compensates for the angular dispersion for the laser wavelength λ _u for the entire optical system, we take this value for the entire range of wavelength changes, i.e.

in the case of one angular mismatch in the optical circuit compensation HCP,

in the case of two angular mismatches in the optical circuit compensation HCP.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, an additional achromatizing transmission diffraction grating (APDR) is placed in the direct beam path between the first APDR and the hologram optical element (GOE), having, for example, the same spatial frequency ν _APDR2 as the first APDR ν _APDR1 and GRE - _GRE v, ie v _APDR1 = ν = ν _{APDR2 HOE.} With a parallel arrangement of the first and second ADDRs and an angular mismatch between the second ADDR and the GEE in the form of the angle α, the effect of residual angular dispersion is eliminated when using a radiation source with a narrow spectral emission band or the effect of chromatic dispersion is eliminated when using radiation sources with a wide emission band. In the example shown in FIG.1, the scheme of a holographic collimator sight parallel ahromatiziruyuschimi transmissive diffraction gratings that correspond to equal angles of diffraction φ (λ) of light in the center _APDR APDR and reducing incidence of light φ (λ) in the center _HOE HOE (FIG. 2). In this case, the directions of the recovering beam are set parallel to the APDR and the aiming line. This corresponds to equal angles of incidence θ _{APDR of the} recovering light beam on the APDR and diffraction angle θ of the _{GOE of the} reconstructed beam in the center of the GOE for the central wavelength in the radiation spectrum of the source. For the rays forming the imaginary image of the center of the sighting mark, there is full compensation for the change in the wavelength of the light of the source. It does not matter if this change is determined using a light source with a relatively wide spectral emission band or is caused by the departure of the light wavelength of the source due to temperature changes.

The effect of full compensation for the departure of the angular position of the aiming sign is obvious if we consider for each optical element used in FIGS. 1 and 2, on which diffraction is carried out, a system of equations composed of the basic equation of the diffraction grating

where θ _APDR is the angle of incidence on the diffraction grating;

φ (λ) _APDR - angle of diffraction on the diffraction grating;

λ is the wavelength of the laser used;

ν _APDR1 is the spatial frequency of the first APDR.

Equation (3), which describes the diffraction on the first APDR, will similarly describe the diffraction on the second APDR with ν _APDR2 and a hologram optical element with only the spatial frequency ν of the _OE .

But the system of equations, compiled on the basis of the main diffraction equation (3), is not a sufficient condition for confidence that there will be no effect of the displacement of the aiming mark in these optical schemes. That is, the angular ratios must be determined to establish that the angular dispersion is completely compensated, that is, does not change in the widest possible range of wavelength changes from the nominal wavelength of the laser radiation.

From FIG.2 optimum angle α can be determined by the geometry of the triangle obtained by the intersection of the projections of the second APDR, GREs and the direction of propagation between second and APDR HOE if known φ (λ) _APDR and φ (λ) _GREs. The optimal angle α is defined as

Since both the φ (λ) _APDR and the φ (λ) _HOE are functions of the wavelength, ideal dispersion compensation ensures that α (λ) is a constant function of the wavelength. That is, the optimality condition is that α be a constant, whence the condition

in the largest possible wavelength range.

Together solving the system of equations compiled on the basis of the main diffraction equation (3) for each optical element on which diffraction is carried out and equations (4), the angular dispersion value on the hologram optical element can be determined in the form of the following functional dependence

in the case of optical circuits shown in FIGS. 1 and 3;

in the case of the optical circuit shown in FIG. 4.

We analyze the dependence (6). In order for the final diffraction angle to not change due to a change in the wavelength of the laser used, the following condition must be met

In expression (8), taking into account (4), we assume that

Further, applying simple trigonometric transformations to expression (9), taking into account the system of equations composed of the main diffraction equation (3), we can obtain

Whence it follows that if the spatial frequencies ν _КДР2 and ν _{КДРl are equal, the} coefficient A (α, λ) does not depend on λ, i.e., we can write that

And, therefore, the angle α will be constant for any λ in the range of 0.630 ... 0.670 μm.

The calculation of the coefficient A (α, λ) in expression (10) is carried out for given spatial frequencies by an achromatizing transmission diffraction _grating (ν _KDR1 , ν _KDR2 ) for three wavelengths λ ₁ = λ-Δλ = 630 nm, λ ₀ = 650 nm and λ ₂ = λ + Δλ = 670 nm.

In addition, the coefficient A (α, λ) can be represented as (from the expressions (8) and (9))

That is, now it is possible to determine the value of the angle α for the desired wavelength.

Knowing the value of the angle α, from the system of equations composed of the main diffraction equation (3), it is possible to determine the value of the diffraction angle on the GOE (θ _GOE ).

The mismatch angle on the hologram optical element is calculated according to the following relationship

where δ (λ) is the angle of shift of the aiming mark at λ ₁ = 0.630 μm, λ ₂ = 0.670 μm relative to the zero position of the aiming mark at λ ₀ = 0.650 μm (hereinafter, this parameter will be called the mismatch angle).

.Therefore, given various values of the angle of incidence on the diffraction grating θ of the _CDD , we can determine the mismatch angle by formula (12), i.e., obtain the dependence

.

For functional dependence (7), the analysis performed will be similar to that described above.

Dispersion corresponding vyshenapisannym calculations, shown in Figure 6, 7 and 8. The two parameters APDR GREs and select the following values _KDR1 ν = ν = ν _{KDR2 HOE} = 1000 1 / mm; ν _KDR1 = ν _KDR2 = 1000 1 / mm, ν _GOE = 800 1 / mm and ν _KDR1 = 1000 1 / mm, ν _KDR2 = 1200 1 / mm, ν _GOE = 800 1 / mm at 650 nm. All other dispersion values for other wavelengths lie between the two curves depicted in FIGS. 6, 7 and 8. That is, this graphical dependence shows the worst case of a change in wavelength, which in turn leads to a change in the angular position of the aiming sign. For negative angles of incidence on the compensation grating, the angular mismatch of the diffraction angle will be similar to that shown in FIGS. 6, 7 and 8, only in the other direction along the coordinate θ of the _CDD . Further, the graphs shown in Figures 9, 10 and 11 define the angle α between APDR (AODR) or GREs on the found value above the incidence angle θ on the first member _CRA.

показан на ФИГ.12.In the case of using one achromatizing reflective diffraction grating (as in the prototype), it can be shown that the graph of the dependence of the angle of mismatch on the angle of incidence on the first element θ of the _CCD at the next spatial frequency

shown in FIG. 12.

Figure 1 presents a variant of the optical scheme of the HCP using two achromatizing transmission diffraction gratings (APDR1 and APDR2) located parallel to each other and at an angle β to the hologram optical element, in which laser 1, a flat mirror 2 are mounted sequentially on the same optical axis , a collimation lens 3, the first APDR1 4, the second APDR2 5, GOE 6, forming an imaginary image of the sighting mark in the aiming space.

As the radiation source in the HCP (FIG. 1), a laser 1 is used, which emits in the red region of the spectrum with a relatively narrow spectral bandwidth (up to 4 nm). The diverging laser beam emitted by the radiation source 1 hits the mirror 2, which reflects light at the wavelength of the source 1 towards the collimation lens 3. When the light source is in the focal plane of the lens 3, parallel light beams are formed at its output at the used wavelength. Next, the laser beam is incident on the APDR1 4, diffracted on its periodic structure, then diffracted on the periodic structure of the second APDR2 5, and then on the hologram optical element 6 as the restoring beam. The light diffracted on the GOE structure and the arrow entering the eye 7 forms in the aiming space, the visible imaginary image of the sighting mark.

FIG. 3 shows a variant of the optical GPC scheme using two achromatizing transmission diffraction gratings (APDR1 and APDR2) with an angle α between them and an angle β between APDR2 and GOE, in which laser 1, a flat mirror 2, collimation are mounted on the same optical axis lens 3, the first APDR1 4, the second APDR2 5, GOE 6, forming an imaginary image of the sighting mark in the aiming space.

As the radiation source in the HCP (FIG. 3), a laser 1 is used, which emits in the red region of the spectrum with a relatively narrow spectral bandwidth (up to 4 nm). The diverging laser beam emitted by the radiation source 1 hits the mirror 2, which reflects light at the wavelength of the source 1 towards the collimation lens 3. When the light source is in the focal plane of the lens 3, parallel light beams are formed at its output at the used wavelength. Next, the laser beam is incident on the APDR1 4, diffracted on its periodic structure, then diffracted on the periodic structure of the second APDR2 5, and then on the hologram optical element 6 as the restoring beam. The light diffracted on the GOE structure and the arrow entering the eye 7 forms in the aiming space, the visible imaginary image of the sighting mark.

Figure 4 presents a variant of the optical scheme of the HCP using one APDR and AODR located at an angle α between them and an angle β between AODR and GOE, in which laser 1, a flat mirror 2, a collimation lens 3, APDR are installed sequentially on the same optical axis 4, AODR 5, GOE 6, forming an imaginary image of the sighting mark in the aiming space.

As the radiation source in the HCP (FIG. 4), a laser 1 is used, which emits in the red region of the spectrum with a relatively narrow spectral bandwidth (up to 4 nm). The diverging laser beam emitted by the radiation source 1 hits the mirror 2, which reflects light at the wavelength of the source 1 towards the collimation lens 3. When the light source is in the focal plane of the lens 3, parallel light beams are formed at its output at the used wavelength. Next, the laser beam is incident on the APDR 4, diffracted on its periodic structure, then diffracted on the periodic structure of the AODR 5, and then on the hologram optical element 6 as the restoring beam. The light diffracted on the GOE structure and the arrow entering the eye 7 forms aiming space visible imaginary image of the sighting mark.

Claims (16)

1. A method of forming an aim mark in a holographic collimator sight, according to which a collimated light beam is formed, direct it to an achromatizing reflective diffraction grating, diffuse the light beam in the first order and restore the imaginary image of the aim sign from the hologram optical element, characterized in that the collimated laser beam light is initially directed onto an achromatizing transmission diffraction grating and a light beam is diffracted on it in the first order, and this transmissive and a reflective diffraction grating is set at an angle α <90 °, and a reflective diffraction grating and holographic optical elements - an angle β> 90 °. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that they use reflective and transmission diffraction gratings with equal spatial frequencies, and a hologram optical element with a spatial frequency different from the frequencies of diffraction gratings. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that they use reflective and transmission diffraction gratings and a hologram optical element with different spatial frequencies. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that they use reflective and transmission diffraction gratings and a hologram optical element with equal spatial frequencies. 5. A method for forming an aim mark in a holographic collimator sight, according to which a collimated beam of light is formed, direct it to an achromatizing diffraction grating, diffuse a light beam in it in the first order and restore the imaginary image of the aim mark from a hologram optical element, characterized in that the diffraction of the collimated the light beam is carried out on two successively installed achromatic transmitting diffraction gratings. 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that achromatic transmitting diffraction gratings with equal spatial frequencies are used, and a hologram optical element with a spatial frequency that differs from the frequencies of diffraction gratings. 7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that using achromatic transmitting diffraction gratings and a hologram optical element with different spatial frequencies. 8. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that use achromatic transmitting diffraction gratings and a hologram optical element with equal spatial frequencies. 9. A holographic collimator sight containing a laser sequentially mounted on the optical axis, a rotary mirror, a collimating lens, an achromatizing reflective diffraction grating and a hologram optical element forming an imaginary image of the aiming mark in the aiming space, characterized in that between the collimating lens and the achromatizing reflective diffraction grating Achromatizing transmission diffraction grating is installed, while transmitting and reflecting diffraction grating The lattices are installed at an angle α <90 °, and the reflecting diffraction grating and the hologram optical element are installed at an angle β> 90 °. 10. The holographic sight according to claim 9, characterized in that the achromatizing diffraction gratings are made with equal spatial frequencies, and the hologram optical element with a spatial frequency different from the frequency of the diffraction gratings. 11. The holographic sight according to claim 9, characterized in that the achromatizing diffraction gratings and the hologram optical element are made with different spatial frequencies. 12. The holographic sight according to claim 9, characterized in that the achromatic diffraction gratings and the hologram optical element are made with equal spatial frequencies. 13. A holographic collimator sight containing a laser sequentially mounted on the optical axis, a rotary mirror, a collimating lens, an achromatizing diffraction grating, a hologram optical element forming an imaginary image of the aiming mark in the aiming space, characterized in that the achromatizing diffraction grating is transmissive, and between it and an additional achromatic transmitting diffraction grating is installed with a collimating lens. 14. The holographic sight according to item 13, wherein the achromatizing diffraction gratings are made with equal spatial frequencies, and the hologram optical element with a spatial frequency different from the frequency of the diffraction gratings. 15. The holographic sight of claim 13, wherein the achromatic diffraction gratings and the hologram optical element are made with different spatial frequencies. 16. The holographic sight of claim 13, wherein the achromatizing diffraction gratings and the hologram optical element are made with equal spatial frequencies.

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