RU2355953C2 - Method and device to obtain heat energy from electric energy - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heating.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to electrical engineering, namely to direct conversion of electric energy into heat energy and can be used in hot water supply and heating systems. As for the method the result is achieved by supplying cold water to the casing of the electrode heating installation where it is heated up to the necessary temperature and the aqueous electrolyte is withdrawn to the heat exchanger. The above heating is carried out by providing for the low-temperature plasma in the aqueous electrolyte circulating in the heating loop, the plasma firing temperature is specified and adjusted by switching the groups of electrodes to the network in different sequence and different combination. Each of the above groups comprises at least four electrodes and the quantity of the group themselves amounts to at least five. The above sequence and combination of the electrode groups switched to the network is defined by the water electrical conductivity which is measured before the water is supplied to the installation casing. As for the device the claimed technical result is achieved due to the fact that the electrode heating installation comprises a casing fitted with a feeding branch pipe and a group of electrodes set on the casing; the casing is equipped by at least five groups of electrodes each of them consisting of four electrodes; both the groups and the electrodes in each group are distributed along the casing height and evenly in its whole volume in horizontal planes. The electrodes in each group are mounted with a shift in radial direction; the electrode ends of the first (lower) group are distanced from the casing axis at most and the electrode ends of the following groups are gradually approaching the axis.

EFFECT: development of a cost-saving method to convert electric energy into the heat one as well as an installation with simple design, control and compact dimensions ensuring implementation of the developed method and providing for the adjustment of power and heating temperature of liquid in wide range.

5 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to electrical engineering, in particular to the direct conversion of electrical energy into heat, and can find application in heat supply and heating systems.

Known from the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2189541, class F24H 1/20, 2002 method and device for converting electrical energy into heat. In accordance with the method, cold water is fed into the casing of an electric heating installation, where it is heated, and then taken to a heat exchanger, where the water is cooled and re-fed to the heating. The electric heating installation, in which the water is heated, comprises a hollow body with nozzles for supplying and discharging liquid, respectively connected to the circulation system. The housing functions as a zero electrode. Inside the housing, coaxially to it, a phase electrode is installed. An intermediate electrode is installed between the housing and the phase electrode, which is divided into separate sections by means of heat insulators.

The disadvantages of the known invention include the complex design of the intermediate electrode, which is essentially a posistor with several layers, including barium titanate and chemically deposited nickel, and a correspondingly complicated scheme for controlling the temperature of heating the liquid.

It is known from the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2151967, F24H, 1/20, 2000, the invention related to the field of energy, which can be used in heating systems of buildings. According to the invention, the liquid is heated in the housing of the electrode heater, between the phase and zero electrodes coaxially mounted in the housing, in the gap between which is an insulating material made in the form of a spring, one end of which is fixedly mounted, and the other is provided with a drive. This embodiment allows you to adjust the power of the heater by compressing and stretching the spring.

The disadvantages of this invention include the limited ability to control the power of the installation, due to the small difference between the maximum and minimum values of the inter-turn space of the used spring. In addition, the presence of a special drive for stretching the spring complicates the design of the heater.

It is known from the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2156410, class F24H 1/20, 2000, the invention relating to thermal energy and intended for converting electrical energy into thermal energy.

This invention is accepted as the closest analogue.

In this invention, the heating of the liquid is carried out by applying voltage to the phase electrodes, forming with the passive electrodes the annular chambers through which the liquid passes. The fluid is circulated through two channels, one of which is equipped with a control valve. The heater contains a group comprising three pairs of phase and passive electrodes coaxially mounted between themselves.

The disadvantages of this invention include the presence of two channels of fluid circulation, which complicates the process of regulating the power and heating temperature, the design of the heater itself, since the presence of the second channel determines the introduction of additional components and elements.

The technical problem to which the claimed invention is directed is to develop an economical method for converting electric energy into heat, as well as a simple in design and control and compact in size installation to implement the developed method, which allows adjusting the power and temperature of heating the liquid in a wide range.

This is also the technical result for which this invention is intended. The achievement of this result is ensured as follows.

A method for producing thermal energy from electric energy is proposed, which consists in supplying cold water to the housing of an electrode heating installation, heating it, and removing heated water to a heat exchanger. A low-temperature plasma is created in the casing, its combustion is maintained, while the combustion temperature is set and maintained by connecting to the network in a different sequence and in a different combination of groups of electrodes uniformly distributed over the height of the installation casing, at least four of these groups are included the electrode, and there are at least five such groups themselves installed in the housing, and the aforementioned sequence and combination of electrode groups connected to the network are determined by the magnitude of the water conductivity, which is measured before it is fed into the unit body, as well as the required value of the heating temperature of the aqueous electrolyte.

The developed method is implemented using a device for converting electrical energy into thermal energy, made in the form of an electrode heating installation, comprising a housing equipped with a supply pipe, a group of electrodes placed in the housing, and at least five groups of electrodes are installed in the housing, in each of which includes at least four electrodes, while both groups of electrodes and electrodes in each group are spaced along the height of the casing and are uniformly located throughout its volume in the horizontal cial planes, the electrodes of each group are set with an offset in the radial direction, wherein the ends of the electrodes of the first (bottom) of the group farthest from the axis of the housing, and the ends of subsequent groups of electrodes installed with a gradual approach to this axis.

In this case, each electrode can be enclosed in a porcelain insulating shell, the upper and lower parts of the housing are connected via heat pipes to the heat exchanger, and the lines connecting the housing to the heat exchanger are installed obliquely, while the angle of inclination of each highway to the horizon is five degrees.

A schematic diagram of the developed electrode heating installation for implementing the method of converting electrical energy into heat is presented in the drawing.

According to the invention, the installation comprises a housing 1, preferably having a cylindrical shape, a water supply pipe 2 in communication with a water source (tank or water supply network). Phase electrodes 3 are placed in the housing, each of which is enclosed in a porcelain insulating sheath 4. These electrodes are grouped together by at least five groups. Each group includes at least four electrodes. Both groups of electrodes and the electrodes themselves in each group are spaced along the height of the casing and are evenly distributed throughout its volume in horizontal planes. In this case, the electrodes of each group are installed with a shift in the radial direction, at which the ends of the electrodes of the first (lower) group are most remote from the axis of the housing, and the ends of the electrodes of the subsequent groups are installed with a gradual approximation to this axis. The electrodes installed in the casing are rods made of tungsten, while the casing communicates with the upper and lower parts of the casing through the oblique pipes 5 and 6 with the heat exchanger 7, forming a heating circuit through which the aqueous electrolyte circulates. The angle of each highway to the horizon is 5 degrees. A current lead 8 for connecting a neutral ground wire is fixed to the heater body, the electrodes are also equipped with current leads for connecting a phase wire. The case can be made of any metal.

The electrode heating installation, implementing the method of converting electrical energy into heat, works as follows.

Water is supplied to the housing of the electrode heating installation. Before water is supplied to the housing, its electrical conductivity is measured. Depending on the obtained value of electrical conductivity, the operation mode of the installation is established, which allows to obtain the required water heating temperature for the heating circuit, which can vary from 60 to 90 ° C. At the required temperature of 60 ° C, the lower group of electrodes is turned on, consisting of at least four tungsten rods. If it is necessary to increase the temperature to 90 °, the remaining groups of electrodes of the same quantitative composition are connected. The installation, using the electrode groups located in the housing, provides operating modes for various combinations of switching on the indicated groups, making it possible to obtain the required heating temperature, which is ensured and supported by the burning of the plasmoid that occurs on each electrode when a voltage is supplied to them from the communal network.

When heated, as a result of a plasma-electrochemical effect on water, a cluster destruction of the structure of liquid water occurs and an increased coefficient of conversion of electrical energy into heat is achieved. In the process of circulation and capture of feed water, the water in the system, having passed the heat exchanger, manages to restore its cluster structure, and the heat cycle repeats.

Claims (5)

1. The method of producing thermal energy from electric energy, which consists in supplying cold water to the housing of an electrode heating installation, heating it and draining heated water to a heat exchanger, characterized in that a low-temperature plasma is created in the housing, its combustion is maintained, and the combustion temperature is set and maintained by connecting to the network in a different sequence and in a different combination of groups of electrodes uniformly distributed over the height of the installation casing, each group includes, in m at least four electrodes, and there are at least five electrodes themselves installed in the housing of such groups, the aforementioned sequence and combination of electrode groups being connected to the network are determined by the value of the electrical conductivity of water, which is measured before it is fed into the installation case, as well as the required temperature heating an aqueous electrolyte. 2. A device for converting electric energy into heat, made in the form of an electrode heating installation, comprising a housing provided with a supply pipe, a group of electrodes placed in the housing, and at least five groups of electrodes are installed in the housing, each of which includes, at least four electrodes, while both groups of electrodes and electrodes in each group are spaced along the height of the housing and are evenly distributed throughout its volume in horizontal planes, while the electrodes are each th set group offset in the radial direction, wherein the ends of the electrodes of the first (bottom) of the group farthest from the axis of the housing, and the ends of subsequent groups of electrodes installed with a gradual approach to this axis. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that each electrode is enclosed in a porcelain insulating shell. 4. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the housing of the upper and lower parts is connected via heat pipes to the heat exchanger. 5. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the lines connecting the housing with the heat exchanger are installed obliquely, while the angle of each line to the horizon is 5 °.