RU2355410C2 - Medication for preventing colibacteriosis in birds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine; veterinary.

SUBSTANCE: medication contains biologically active substance (BAS) in phospholipid coating. As BAS medication contains vegetable extracts from leaves of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.), and/or extract of plumepoppy grass (Macleaya cordata Will L.) or plumepoppy microcarpous (M. microcarpas), and/or extract of milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn), and/or extract of roots and grass of Eastern purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.) with component ratio, wt %: vegetable extracts 20-80, phospholipids - the remaining part.

EFFECT: medication has convenient water-soluble application form, allows to increase bird organism resistance.

3 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to veterinary drugs, namely to biologically active extracts of plant origin, and can be used for the prevention and treatment of birds with diseases of bacterial etiology, diseases of the digestive and respiratory systems, for example, such as colibacteriosis.

According to the Rosselkhoznadzor of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, colinfection is in first place among all infectious diseases of animals and birds. As a secondary infection, colibacteriosis can occur with vitamin deficiency, viral, bacterial and parasitic diseases in farm animals. The main disease leads to a weakening of the protective functions of the body, against such a background colibacteriosis develops, which in turn exacerbates the course of the underlying disease.

In the context of the modern development of poultry farming, due to the concentration of production in a certain territory, the threat of infection and its wide spread is growing. In order to prevent poultry disease, the world's leading producers of poultry meat are trying to create poultry crosses that are not susceptible or less susceptible to certain diseases. However, all these activities are lengthy and financially costly. In order to create a certain level of immunity in poultry farming, at the present stage, veterinary services apply the feeding of biologically active substances with drinking water, the introduction of antimicrobial agents in diets, vaccination of the poultry stock with vaccines in order to create immunity in the body against the most common diseases.

Escherichiosis (colibacteriosis, colidiarrhea, coli infection) in birds is an acute infectious disease caused by E. coli pathogenic serological variants of E. coli (serovars) and manifested mainly by diarrhea.

Associated vaccines are known for the specific prophylaxis of acute intestinal diseases of farm animals, including poultry, containing E. coli enterobacteria antigens (US Pat. RF 2035916, 2043771). Vaccination requires a lot of work. As a result of repeated anxiety of the bird, they create a stressful state, which in turn adversely affects the immunological activity of the bird for vaccination.

Known biological product for the prevention and treatment of colibacteriosis (Escherichiosis) of birds, containing various strains of bacteriophages taken in an effective amount (US Pat. RF 2244747). The main disadvantage of biological products is their low activity, which requires a significant increase in production with widespread use in poultry farming. The activity of drugs is below 1:10 ³ .

To combat colibacteriosis of birds, a physiological solution of gramidex is used, which is administered to the chickens aerosolized at a pressure of 3.5-4.5 atm (ed. St. USSR 1813447). This method requires additional equipment.

The main disadvantage of many drugs is the inconvenient form of administration - intramuscular, which does not allow the use of similar drugs for birds.

The main means of preventing and combating colibacteriosis are antibiotics (US Pat. RF No. 2165757, 2035909), usually added to feed mixtures. The disadvantage of this method is the inability to achieve a uniform distribution of the drug substance in the feed and to ensure its accurate dosage. In addition, E. coli bacteria have a powerful mechanism for adaptation to adverse environmental conditions and gradually develop resistance to a wide range of antibacterial drugs. This process is also accelerated by the unsystematic use of antibiotics without determining the sensitivity of microflora, without strict adherence to doses and treatment courses.

The closest in purpose and technical solution is a tool for the prevention and control of colibacteriosis of birds, containing a biologically active substance in a shell of phospholipid (US Pat. RF 2158587). Antibiotics are used as the active substance in this patent. The drug has a selective delivery due to the liposome form. However, this composition also has all the disadvantages inherent in drugs containing antibiotics, and the above. The high consumption of expensive drugs, the low effectiveness of treatment are due to the fact that antibiotics for oral use are poorly absorbed by the body and quickly removed from it.

The objective of the invention is the creation of an effective and safe feed additive, which allows to increase the body's resistance to infectious diseases, in particular colibacteriosis, creating a convenient water-soluble form of application.

The goal is achieved by using means for the prevention and control of colibacteriosis of birds, containing a biologically active substance in the shell of phospholipid. As a biologically active substance, plant extracts from the leaves of buckthorn buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.), and / or the extract of the herb Macleaya cordate (Macleaya cordata Will L.) or the small-fruited mackerel (M. microcarpas), and / or the extract of milk thistle (Silybum marianum ( L.) Gaertn), and / or extract of the roots and herbs of Echinacea purpurea (Echinacea purpurea L.) in a ratio of components, wt.%:

plant extracts 20-80 phospholipids rest

As phospholipids, soy or egg lecithin, bovine, porcine or skin phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine containing the same or different acyl groups can be used.

This tool can be obtained by known methods of ultrasonic treatment, extrusion, injection of ether or alcohol solutions of mixtures of the proposed components (ed. St. USSR No. 1022357, US Pat. RF No. 1699343, 2120795).

Extracts from the leaves of buckthorn buckthorn, grass Macleia heart-shaped or Maclaya small fruited, fruits of milk thistle, roots and herbs of Echinacea purpurea are obtained by extraction of dried and crushed medicinal raw materials with ethyl alcohol 50-80% according to known technology.

Example 1. The method of obtaining funds

A mixture of phospholipid and cholesterol in a solution of chloroform is evaporated on a rotary evaporator to constant weight, the residual solvent is removed under vacuum. The resulting lipid film was dissolved in diethyl ether and a solution of milk thistle fruit extract in phosphate-buffered saline was added, pH 7.4. The mixture was purged with argon and sonicated at 10 ° C. Evaporate the ether at room temperature in vacuo. The resulting lipid dispersion is pressed several times through a nuclear polycarbonate filter with an appropriate pore size, and then freeze-dried.

The inventive compositions are shown in table 1.

Substance 1 - Macleia herb extract;

Substance 2 - milk thistle extract;

Substance 3 - Echinacea extract;

Substance 4 is an extract from sea buckthorn leaves.

The phospholipids used were: phosphatidylcholine, soya lecithin, phosphatidylserine, bovine brain phospholipids, egg lecithin, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine / phosphatidylserine (1: 1 wt.), Porcine brain phospholipids, skin.

Example 2. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the means for the prevention of colibacillosis

Under the same conditions of feeding, drinking, keeping, we studied the effectiveness of prophylaxis with the proposed means of colibacillosis infection, identified in a livestock of broiler chickens. For the experiments, 6 heads of chickens from each thousand were selected; experimental and control groups of birds were equipped on the basis of analogous groups according to breed, sex, age, live weight, conditions of feeding and feeding. The proposed tool was dissolved in distilled water and injected over 42 days in an amount of 2 ml per daily intake of water in drinking water.

During the experimental period, we took into account: the safety of the livestock by daily accounting for culled and dead birds with the establishment of the causes of death, live weight by individual weighing at the beginning and at the end of the experiment, feed costs per unit of production, the growth and development rate of the bird.

The drug had a positive effect on the safety of the livestock. So, against the background of a 20% mortality in the control group of chickens from Escherichia infection, the use of the proposed drug led to 100% safety of the livestock (table 2). In the experimental group there were no intravital manifestations of Escherichiosis, as well as pathological changes in the opening of carcasses of birds after slaughter.

Studies have shown that the use of the proposed drug helps to increase not only the feed intake, but also the growth and development of broiler chickens. Moreover, the increase in feed consumption was so insignificant that, against the background of the resulting gain, this overspending of feeds can be called insignificant.

Thus, the effectiveness of the proposed drug is confirmed by optimization of interior indicators, increasing the safety of the livestock, increasing the average daily weight gain and better conversion of nutrients in the bird's body.

A prerequisite for the introduction of new drugs in the diet of poultry is their safety and a positive effect on the state of metabolism and the protective functions of the body. Since the influence of the pathological process can also extend to adjacent systems, changing the function of the conjugated organs and, above all, the hematopoietic apparatus, we studied blood parameters characterizing the metabolic state and protective functions of the broiler chickens when using the proposed drug. Table 3 shows data on the effect of the proposed composition on the blood counts of broiler chickens.

According to the results of blood tests at the beginning of the experiment, there was no significant difference in indicators between the control and experimental groups. All studied parameters were within the physiological norm. At the end of the experiment (after 42 days) in the experimental groups, there was a tendency to increase red blood cells in the blood.

Against the background of the general clinical picture described during the autopsy, a decrease in the hemoglobin level in the blood was observed in the bird of the control group — oligochromia, which is characteristic of Escherichiosis and a number of other infectious diseases. When using the proposed drug, the hemoglobin content in the blood of the bird increased significantly and corresponded to the norm described for a healthy bird. Moreover, in the experimental group there was an increase in the number of red blood cells in the blood compared with the control.

Thus, the use of the proposed funds with a feed additive is an effective way to increase immunity and the prevention of infectious diseases, in particular colibacteriosis in birds.

Claims (1)

An agent for preventing colibacteriosis of birds containing a biologically active substance (BAS) in a phospholipid shell, characterized in that the BAC contains plant extracts from the leaves of buckthorn buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.), and / or extract of the herb Maclea cordata (Macleaya cordata) Will L.) or small-fruited macklea (M. microcarpas), and / or spotted milk thistle extract (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn), and / or echinacea purpurea root and herb extract (Echinacea purpurea L.) in a ratio of components, wt. %:
plant extracts 20-80 phospholipids rest