RU2352826C2 - Centrifugal hydraulic and air pump-compressor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to compressor and pump production and can be used in systems that require automatic control over the efficiency. The pump wheel rotor incorporates coating disk that moves axially and is furnished with cuts receiving the blades. The force resulted from pressure difference in rotor wheel channels and behind the coating disk moves the latter to narrow the rotator wheel flow section and to compress the spring with pressure increasing and flow rate decreasing in the system. With the flow rate increasing in the system, the spring moves the coating disk in opposite direction to widen the wheel rotor flow section.

EFFECT: stable operation of compressor (without surge), power savings in operation.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to compressor engineering and pump engineering.

Centrifugal hydraulic and air compressor pumps are known and widely used. They are characterized by high speed, small size and weight, but centrifugal compressors have an unstable operation zone (surge) while reducing performance and maintaining pressure. In this case, strong pressure fluctuations occur, accompanied by a low sound. Compressor operation in this mode is unacceptable. To eliminate this phenomenon, part of the air is passed into the atmosphere or the intake air is throttled. The performance of a centrifugal hydraulic pump is reduced by reducing the speed of its drive and does not ensure that pressure is maintained within the required limits. Regulation of the pump by throttling significantly reduces its efficiency. All this leads to significant energy losses.

As a prototype, a centrifugal pump was adopted according to USSR author's certificate No. 966306, comprising a housing and an impeller having a driving disk with blades and an axially movable cover disk with grooves for the blades, as well as an axially movable diaphragm.

However, this pump has a complicated design and does not provide automatic control of pressure and flow in the system.

The objective of the invention is to reduce energy costs by ensuring the stable (without surging) operation of a centrifugal compressor and a hydraulic pump at low flow rates with nominal deviations of the pressure in the system and simplifying the design of the pump-compressor.

This problem is solved in that in a hydraulic and air pump-compressor, comprising a housing with a suction nozzle and a diffuser, an impeller located in the housing on the shaft, which has a driving disk with blades and an axially movable covering disk with an inlet neck and grooves for accommodating the blades, the movable cover disk is installed with the possibility of axial movement by an elastic element, such as a spring, and automatically provides an adjustable passage section of the interscapular channels depending on the discharge pressure, flow rate in the system and characteristics of the elastic element.

Figure 1 shows the described centrifugal hydraulic and air pump-compressor in maximum performance mode. In figure 2 and figure 3, respectively, in the mode of intermediate and minimum performance.

The centrifugal hydraulic and air pump-compressor contains a housing 1, a diffuser 2, a part of the impeller 3 with blades fixed motionlessly on the shaft, a spring 4, a stop 5, a cover disk of the impeller 6 with slots for the blades and shaft 7.

Hydraulic and air pump-compressor operates as follows. In the nominal mode, the force acting on the cover disk 6 from the differential pressure between zone “a” and zone “b” does not exceed the force of the compressed spring 4. In this case, the cover disk 6 is held by the stop 5 in the position shown in Fig. 1. As the flow rate decreases, the pressure in the zone "a" increases, the force acting on the disk 6 increases and moves it to the right, reducing the passage section of the impeller (figure 2) or completely blocking it (figure 3). At this point, the pump will operate in partial capacity mode or in idle mode with minimal energy consumption.

As the flow rate increases, the pressure in zone "a" will begin to decrease and the spring 4 will begin to move the disk 6 to its original position, increasing the passage section of the impeller and pump performance.

The implementation of the invention will create a centrifugal hydraulic and air pump-compressor with the ability to control performance over a wide range (from maximum to almost zero) without the onset of unstable operation (without surging). In this case, energy costs will sharply decrease, which solves the problem of the invention.

Claims (1)

A centrifugal hydraulic and air pump-compressor, comprising a housing with a suction nozzle and a diffuser, an impeller located in the housing on the shaft, having a driving disk with vanes and an axially movable cover disk with an inlet neck and grooves for accommodating the vanes, characterized in that the cover disk is installed with the possibility of axial movement by an elastic element, such as a spring, and automatically provides an adjustable bore of the interscapular channels depending on the discharge pressure, flow rate in s tem and characteristics of the elastic member.

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