RU2347120C1 - Hinged-lever linkage - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to machine building and can be used as an intermediate linkage intended for transmitting torque from one mechanism to another. The proposed hinged-lever linkage incorporates two half-couplings and levers hinged to the said half-couplings. The said hinged mechanism is formed by balls rigidly attached to the levers ends, and half-couplings for the balls to seat therein. The number of levers makes at least four, one of them is a central lever, which is fitted on the axis of symmetry of half-coupling, the rest levers being regularly located just around it. Note that the linkage is furnished with an insert allowing a parallel travel of the levers.

EFFECT: higher reliability die to elimination of brittle and fast-wear parts, simpler design.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering and can be used as an intermediate connecting link for transmitting torque from one mechanism to another. It is designed to connect mechanisms, assemblies, parts when it is required to ensure the movement of the connected elements in parallel planes. The proposed device is universal and can be used as a cardan shaft, hinge, lever, clutch, as a semi-axis of a car with independent suspension or a whole bridge. In addition, the solution can be used as a propeller shaft of small vessels with a variable position of the propeller relative to the vessel.

A cardan shaft with two universal joints is known, each of which consists of removable forks-flanges mounted on connected forks and connected by a spider having trunnions installed in bearing housings (see USSR author's certificate No. 413289, IPC F16C 11/06, publ. 4.6.1974).

Known clutch of equal angular velocities, containing the axis of rotation of the input shaft, the axis of rotation of the output shaft, the regulating mechanism. The coupling comprises a U-shaped plug of the output axis, having a control pin of the output axis attached to one arm of the plug of the output axis. Moreover, the axis of the control pin of the output axis is in the plane formed by the output axis and the axis formed by the pins of the fork of the output axis, and intersects the geometric center of the coupling. The coupling also includes an inlet axis protrusion having an inlet axis adjusting pin. Moreover, the axis of the adjusting pin of the input axis is in the plane formed by the input axis and the axis of rotation of the protrusion, and intersects the geometric center of the coupling. The control mechanism is configured to hold at least parts of the coupling to obtain equal angular velocity characteristics. The double equal-velocity coupling includes an input axis, an output axis, an input end plug, an output end plug, and a control mechanism. The input end plug has the first and second pairs of pins. Moreover, the second pair of pins of the input end fork is pivotally connected to the input end pair of pins at the input end of the connecting pipe. The output end plug has a first and second pair of trunnion pins, the second pair of trunnions pivotally connected to the output end pair of trunnions of the connecting pipe (see patent for invention RU 2292494 IPC F16D 3/30, publ. January 27, 2007).

Known universal cardan drive, containing two shafts with cardan joints at the ends for connection with the drive and driven shafts. Cardan shafts are connected by splines. The splines of one of the shafts are made elongated to ensure constant engagement when changing the geometric parameters of the transmission. The drive and driven shafts are connected to the cardan joints by means of flange couplings (see patent for invention RU 2086820, IPC F16D 3/26, publ. 08/10/1997).

Known articulation, containing the drive and driven shafts connected by an intermediate shaft and two articulated couplings, while the articulated couplings are hollow, and the drive and driven shafts are in sections, a housing with a spherical socket is installed at the end of each to accommodate a hollow articulated coupling, a fixed lid and forming an internal hermetic cavity. On the housings, using two diametrically arranged fingers, movable rings are installed, on each of which are rotatably mounted on the fingers along a pair of mutually perpendicular levers of the intermediate shaft, and their mounting location is shifted 90 ° relative to the movable ring on the housing. In addition, the half rings of the intermediate shaft fix the hollow joints in it (see patent application RU 93044009, IPC F16C 11/04, publ. 12/20/1996).

However, such devices by themselves do not allow maintaining the parallelism of the axes of the combined shafts, since the hinges work independently.

A known coupling for connecting parallel-offset shafts containing two disk coupling halves, one of which has holes for cylindrical fingers mounted on the disk of the other coupling half. Moreover, on each finger two floating (external and internal) eccentric bushings with the same eccentricity are planted (see USSR author's certificate No. 167096, IPC F06D, published on November 8, 1965).

However, such a coupling does not allow a relatively large displacement of the shaft axes, which is technologically more difficult to manufacture than the proposed design.

Closest to the proposed solution is a clutch for transmitting torque from one mechanism to another. To increase the compensating angular ability of the coupling and to ensure the transmission of large torques, the coupling contains two coupling halves with fingers located around the circumference at mutually opposite ends, and the fingers of different coupling halves are interconnected by connecting elements made in the form of rods, the ends of which are connected to the fingers via hinges. Holes are made at the ends of the rods, in which removable liners are installed that interact with the fingers, the ends of which are made spherical, while the spherical surface of the fingers and liners serve as a hinge. The liners are fixed in the holes of the rods. The set of functions of the spherical end of the finger and the liner can perform spherical bearings mounted on the fingers and in the holes of the rods. In this case, the end of the finger is made a mating hole of the inner race of the bearing. The rods are made in the form of plates with grooves connecting the holes, while the width of the grooves is equal to or slightly larger than the diameter of the finger sphere. The rods are installed in the plate, and the spherical end of each finger is located between the liner and the rod. The inner surface of the liner is made mating spherical surface of the finger. An intermediate connection is established between the coupling halves, the ends of which are identical to the coupling halves. The coupling halves are equipped with disks located on mutually reversed ends, and the fingers of each of the coupling halves are mounted on the corresponding disk, the interconnection is established between the disks, and the disks are interconnected by technological bars (see patent application RU93021776, IPC F16D 3/48, 03/10/1995 )

However, the design of such a clutch is relatively complex and has unreliable elements - bearings containing easily destructible cages.

The objective of this solution is to develop a universal unit that serves as a hinged-lever connection for mating surfaces, ensuring their parallelism, and allowing, if necessary, to transmit torque between the mechanisms while maintaining their parallelism.

The technical result is to increase reliability by eliminating fragile and rapidly wearing parts while simplifying the design.

The problem is solved as follows. The hinged-lever connecting unit contains two coupling halves, levers pivotally connected to the coupling halves. The hinge mechanism is formed by balls rigidly fixed at the ends of the levers, and half-couplings made with the possibility of placing balls, while the number of levers is selected in an amount of at least four, one of which (central) is located on the axis of symmetry of the half-coupling, and the rest (peripheral) are uniformly located around it, the unit is equipped with an insert that provides parallel movement of the levers and prevents their twisting relative to each other. Each coupling half can consist of two parts fastened together, in the outer part from the side facing the inner part, there are hemispherical recesses for balls, and in the inner part there are through holes of the hemispherical profile for balls from the side facing the outer part, and the profile of the truncated cone for the levers from the side facing the other coupling half, and the diameter of the hole at the intersection of the conical and spherical profiles is less than the diameter of the ball.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows the clutch Assembly in the context.

Figure 2 shows a section aa, indicated in figure 1.

Figure 3 shows a section bB, indicated in figure 1.

Figure 4 shows the coupling in operation, where:

1 - coupling half;

2 - axis of rotation;

3 - lever;

4 - ball;

5 - spherical recess;

6 - the first part of the coupling half 1;

7 - the second part of the coupling half 1;

8 - insert;

9 - grooves in the insert;

10 - a casing.

A description is provided for a specific embodiment of the connecting unit. The connecting unit contains two coupling halves 1, the shape of which allows interaction with the connected shafts (master and follower), one of which has splined joints, or other nodes having axles 2. The coupling halves 1 are connected by levers (rods, rods) 3, for example, in quantity seven pieces, at the ends of which balls 4 are rigidly fixed. The central lever is located on the symmetry axis of the coupling halves 1, and the rest (peripheral) are evenly distributed around a circle around the central one. The balls are located in the corresponding recesses 5 on the mutually inverted end surfaces of the coupling halves 1, which is a swivel. Moreover, one recess 5 for the Central lever 3 is located in the center of the coupling half 1, and the remaining recesses 5 are evenly distributed around the circumference of the coupling half 1. In the specific case, the recesses 5 are implemented as follows. Each coupling half consists of two parts: external 6 and internal 7, fastened together by threaded connections (bolts). Part 6 can be performed in conjunction with a cylindrical splined shaft, which makes it possible to change the size of the connection along the length during operation. Part 6 has hemispherical recesses for balls 4. Part 7 has hemispherical through-holes for balls 4 from the side facing part 6, and a truncated cone shape from the side facing another half-coupling 1. Moreover, the diameter of the hole at the intersection of the conical and spherical profiles less than the diameter of the ball 4. The profile of the conical holes determines the angular deviation of the levers 3, rigidly connected with the balls 4, from the axes of the shafts 2. The levers 3 are held relative to each other by an insert 8 with one hole in the center of the dia trom equal to the diameter of the central lever 3, and grooves 9, corresponding to the diameter of the peripheral levers 3. The length of the insert 8 depends on the length of the levers 3 and the maximum angle of deviation of the levers 3 from the axes 2. The insert 8 is made in the form of a metal cylinder with a hole in the center for the central lever and grooves 9 on the outside for peripheral levers. The width of the grooves 9 is determined by the diameter of the levers 3 and provides free movement of the levers in the groove. The insert 8 is closed by a steel casing 10 of the appropriate size and shape to prevent leakage of lubricant and the levers 3. The hinged joints on both sides can be closed with rubber corrugated anthers, fastened at one end to the casing 10 and the other to the coupling half 1. Dimensions of the articulated link nodes depend on the power of the transmitted force.

The device operates as follows. Torque from one axis 2 to another is transmitted through the coupling halves 1, connected by levers 3 through a swivel. The insert 8 together with the levers 3 prevent the angular displacement of the coupling halves relative to each other. When the axes 2 are displaced, the coupling halves 1 are shifted accordingly. Moreover, when shifted to either side, the coupling halves 1 maintain a parallel arrangement relative to each other. This retains the ability to transmit rotation between the coupling halves 1. The movement of the levers 3 and, therefore, the displacement of the coupling halves 1 relative to each other is limited by the magnitude of the solid angle of the conical hole in the coupling half and balls located in spherical recesses.

The design has high reliability, since the hinges are fixed inside the coupling halves and are protected by anthers. Increased service life (in known designs, the separator is destroyed). Increased torsional rigidity provided by a special insert. The proposed device is easy to manufacture and at the same time has wide fields of application.

Claims (2)

1. Swivel-lever connecting node containing two coupling halves, levers pivotally connected to coupling halves, characterized in that the ends of the levers are rigidly fixed balls, each coupling half is made with the possibility of placing balls, while the number of levers is selected in an amount of at least four, one of which, the central one is located on the axis of symmetry of the coupling half, and the rest, peripheral, are uniformly located around it, the assembly is equipped with an insert providing parallel movement of the peripheral levers relative to the central th. 2. The hinged-lever connecting node according to claim 1, characterized in that each half-coupling consists of two parts bonded together, in the outer part there are recesses of the hemispherical shape for the balls, and in the inner part there are through holes for the hemispherical profile for the balls on the side facing the outer part and the profile of the truncated cone for the levers from the side facing the other coupling half, and the diameter of the hole at the intersection of the conical and spherical profiles is less than the diameter of the ball, while the insert is made in in the form of a metal cylinder with a hole in the center and grooves on the outside.

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