RU2347103C1 - Rotor wind power unit with full-rotating blades - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to wind-power engineering, in particular, to wind power units that use energy of air flow and generate electric energy on an industrial scale. Wind power unit is equipped with rotor turbine with full-rotating blades installed on it, which are fixed by grips during working stroke downwind and expose their largest area to the wind, and during idle stroke they are released from grips and automatically feathered to wind by their least area of section. Lateral surface of blades is covered with sails, horizontal generatrices of blades and feathering sails create internal cavity that prevents breaking of wind flow. Axis of blade rotation is installed at the end of turbine beam, length of which provides for free rotation of neighbouring blades and at the same time it extends arm of forces application. In order to provide stability and reliability, wind power unit is mounted on foundation ring, which bears weight of turbine peripheral part, central binding column rests on station building, which bears weight of turbine central part.

EFFECT: increase of power unit capacity and efficiency of wind power unit, and also increase of operation reliability.

1 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to wind energy, in particular to wind turbines using the energy of the air flow and used to generate electricity on an industrial scale in order to reduce the environmental impact of traditional power plants of thermal power plants, hydroelectric power stations, nuclear power plants.

A known design of a wind turbine with a vertically axial wind wheel, equipped with a large number of profiled blades that are curved along a helical line in opposite directions and are interconnected at the intersection / A. No. 1150395 USSR, MKI F03D 3/06. Vertical-axial wind wheel / V.M. Lyatkher, I.V. Semenov. - No. 3539774 / 25-06; declared 1/17/83; publ. 04/15/85, Bull. No. 14 / [1].

The reasons that impede the achievement of the technical result indicated below when using the known device include the fact that in the known device there is no scheme for preparing for a storm, which reduces the reliability and safety of work. In addition, the device requires large materials to create a vertically axial wind wheel, which leads to an increase in the cost of the entire structure.

The known design of an orthogonal wind turbine with vertical straight blades spaced apart in plan, working according to the aerodynamic principle / A.S. No. 1768797 USSR, MKI F03D 3/06. Wind power installation with a vertical axis of rotation / Yu.Yu. Kachur, V.M.Orlik. - No. 4868269/06; declared 08/13/90; publ. 10/15/92, Bull. No. 38 / [2].

The reasons that impede the achievement of the technical result indicated below when using the known device include the fact that in the known device the design of the wind power installation is located on a small support, not prepared for storm exposure, which leads to a decrease in operating efficiency and a decrease in the reliability of the entire structure.

The closest device of the same purpose to the claimed invention in terms of features is an orthogonal type wind turbine in which each blade is made up of three or more aerodynamic profiles. During the operation of the wind turbine, the wind flow acts only on the blades moving in the wind, and the blades located on the other side of the wind wheel have practically no resistance to the wind. No. 1622609 USSR, MKI F03D 9/00. Wind turbine / V.M. Antipov. - No. 4484215/06; declared 09/20/88; publ. 01/23/91, Bull. No. 3 / [3], taken as a prototype.

The reasons that impede the achievement of the technical result indicated below when using the known device adopted for the prototype include the fact that the known device has a large number of movable aerodynamic profiles that reduce the reliability of the structure and also increase its material consumption and cost.

The invention consists in the following.

The claimed invention is aimed at solving the problem of improving the reliability of the rotor wind turbine with full rotor blades. This will allow more widespread use of wind turbines in areas with an average wind potential, for example, in the central regions of the country.

The technical result is an increase in aggregate power and efficiency of the wind turbine, increasing the reliability of the rotor wind turbine with full rotor blades, as well as reducing the material consumption and cost of the entire structure.

The specified technical result during the implementation of the invention is achieved by the fact that in the known device including a base, a vertical shaft of rotation, working blades mounted parallel to the shaft with the possibility of rotation around the axes passing through their centers of gravity, the feature is that the rotary wind turbine is equipped with a rotary turbine with full-bladed blades placed on it and having a central and peripheral fulcrum, while the turbine is coaxially connected to the electric generator, equipped with a control electric osistemoy operating in automatic mode, and power electrical system, generating current consumption, control devices, safety and automatic triggering devices, and its automatic operation control system; the central part of the turbine consists of a central column, on the upper part of which there are measuring instruments, and the base of the central column is supported by a ball thrust bearing mounted in the base; the base consists of a foundation ring having in the center a metal circle with guide rails along which the support trolleys with engines on which the turbine is mounted move and when the support trolley engines start, the entire turbine rotates and continues until the design speed is reached, after which the support trolley motors they automatically switch from engine mode to generator mode and consumer current generation begins; the central column is a connecting link between the rays extending from its center and connecting racks installed in the central part of the turbine rays between the lower parts of the rays; at the ends of the beams installed axis of rotation of the full-rotor working blades and grippers, fixing the blades in the working position when the internal rack of the blade on the limit switch that turns off the grippers; an output shaft is installed in the lower part of the central column, which is connected via a detachable coupling to the input shaft of the gearbox, which increases the speed for normal operation of the generator, the output shaft of the gearbox is connected by a lower detachable coupling to the generator, on which the exciter is mounted with a gearbox that adjusts the magnitude of the exciting current to the main exciter , and the main driver in turn controls the excitation current on the generator, which develops a current power corresponding to the rotation excitation current of the whole t Urbins supporting trolleys, on which full-bladed working blades are supported, are equipped with gripping devices that fix the turbine in a stationary position when the wind force exceeds the calculated value; central power racks are installed in the center of symmetry of the full-rotor working blades, which are their axis, having fastening nodes at the ends with rotary devices installed in sockets at the ends of the turbine beams, horizontal load-bearing ties are installed on the racks in the upper, central and lower parts of the blades, at the ends of which fixed vertical side racks having an angular section on the outside of the rack and feathering planes on the inside; against horizontal load-bearing ties, interchangeable planes are installed for gripping the blades with latches pushed out of the racks that fix the blade along the turbine planes when their axes coincide with the direction of the wind and smoothly introduce the blades under the wind load flow; the spaces formed by vertical struts and horizontal ties are covered with sails, reinforced with unloading cables.

Another feature is that on the inner side of the side vertical racks of full-rotor working blades, feathering panels are installed, which when the blades are released from the grips and enter them in the headwind stream on the front rack of the blades automatically fold and do not create resistance to wind, but on the back of the blade under the wind opens up and creates a braking moment, plowing the blades along the oncoming air flow, substituting the smallest sectional area of the blades to the wind.

In the study of the distinguishing features of a rotor wind turbine with full-rotor blades, no similar known solutions were found regarding the use of known constructions of wind turbines using a rotor blade turbine with a vertical axis of rotation, coaxially connected to the generator and having a central and peripheral fulcrum.

The positive effect of using the invention is as follows. Given that the energy intensity of the wind under normal conditions is relatively low, to obtain industrial electric current it is necessary to create a device having large surfaces of the working planes, which increases its overall dimensions and weight. In practical operation, extreme wind forces in stormy values are not to be used, but the installation in a prepared state must withstand these effects. For this purpose, the support structure is divided in the proposed design of the wind turbine: on the peripheral annular, perceiving the main mass of the installation and the impact of the wind, and the central point of support, perceiving the weight of the central part of the installation, which is an energy concentrator and transmitting device to the main generator. This concept allows you to create a unit of high power, able to withstand extreme loads and provide increased reliability of the entire structure.

Rotor wind turbine with full-bladed blades is arranged as follows. A foundation ring is mounted on the surface of the earth, on which a metal circle with guide rails is mounted, a working turbine is mounted on them on supporting trolleys that do not allow the turbine to go off the rail, regardless of the strength and direction of the wind. The turbine is an energy concentrator and a transmitting device to an electric generator, consists of eight rays extending from its center to the support ring. Eight rotary blades and grippers are installed at the ends of the beams, fixing the blades in the working position. The number of rays and their corresponding blades is not strictly regulated and, in accordance with economic and constructive expediency, can be changed. The central part of the turbine consists of a column, which is the connecting element of the entire impeller, on the upper part of the column has a platform on which measuring instruments are mounted (an anemometer, weather vane with a wind pressure sensor), the upper belt of the discharge cables is attached to it, the base of the column is supported by a ball bearing bearing mounted on the station building mounted in the center of the foundation ring. The station building consists of load-bearing walls, external and internal, on which load-bearing beams are supported, which bear the entire load of the central part of the turbine, a gearbox is suspended from the beams. An output shaft is installed in the lower part of the central column, which is connected via a detachable coupling to the input shaft of the gearbox, which increases the speed for normal operation of the generator, and the output shaft of the gearbox is connected by the lower detachable coupling to the generator. The generator is mounted on its own separate support; it does not affect the load-bearing beams with its mass and does not transmit torque to them when working under load. The exciter is mounted on the generator with a regulator that adjusts the magnitude of the excited current on the main exciter, and the main exciter, in turn, regulates the excitation current on the generator, which develops a current power that depends on the excitation current and wind speed - this interconnection of all components of the units is provided uniform rotation of the entire turbine. An important condition for stable operation of the turbine is a uniform and controlled rotation speed, the stronger the wind is the more powerful the generated consumer current, the weaker the wind is the weaker the power of the generated current, but the turbine speed should remain within the design limits. The wind turbine device includes a system of extensions between the turbine beams, grippers that fix the blade in the working position, a system of racks with extension guys, a system of rotary blades consisting of vertical racks, horizontal connections and the axis of rotation with rotary devices, working sailing cloths are stretched on the blades with with its system of cables, folding feathering panels stabilizing the blade in the wind with a neutral course to the wind and creating a kind of trap for the wind during the working course, increasing with the increase in wind power, which increases the efficiency of the installation. The wind turbine is equipped with a control electric system operating in automatic mode and a power electric system that generates a consumption current, with all incoming control devices, safety automatics, and starting devices.

The drawings show: in Fig. 1, a general view of the wind turbine is shown, where 1 is the foundation ring, 2 is the monorail, 3 is the turbine, 5 is the central column, 6 is the connecting strut, 17 is the support trolley, 24 is the platform of the central column, 25 is unloading cables, 26 - thrust ball bearing, 27 - beam, 28, 29 - bearing walls of the station, 30 - output shaft of the central column, 31 - detachable coupling, 32 - input shaft of the gearbox, 33 - coupling, 34 - generator, 35 - slide , 36 - speed controller, 49 - limit switch.

Figure 2 is a top view of the wind turbine, where 4 are the rays of the turbine, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 are full-rotary working blades, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 - supporting trolleys, 23 - tension stretch marks.

Figure 3 is a General view of the blade in the working position, where 37 is the central power rack, 38 mounting unit, 39 are rotary devices, 40, 41, 42 are horizontal load-bearing connections, 43, 44 are lateral vertical struts, 47, 48 - feathering panels, 50 - sail panels, 51 - interchangeable planes.

Figure 4 - blade with feathering sails at the moment of its fixation by grippers, where 6 - connecting racks, 7 - full-rotary working blade, 47, 48 - feathering panels, 49 - end switch, 50 - sail panels.

Figure 5 - blade with hard feathering planes under maximum load, where 6 are the connecting struts, 9 is a full-rotary working blade, 45, 46 are rigid feathering planes, 48 are feathering cloths, 49 is a limit switch, 50 is a sail-cloth.

Information confirming the possibility of carrying out the invention with obtaining the above technical result are as follows. A rotor wind turbine with full-bladed blades includes a foundation ring 1, which receives the bulk of the loads and is mounted on the foundation, on the ground. A monorail 2 is installed on the foundation ring 1 along its upper plane, which also takes on the loads of the peripheral part of the turbine 3. Turbine 3 has eight beams 4, which play the role of spokes in the wheel, connected together by a central column 5 and eight connecting posts 6 installed in the central parts of the beam of the turbine 3 between the lower and upper parts of the beams 4. At the ends of the beams 4, full-rotary working blades 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 are installed, which are supported by eight support trolleys 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 , 20, 21, 22 mounted on a monorail 2. All support nye trolley provided with rail grippers (not shown in the diagram), locking the entire unit when the wind force exceeds a target value. Between the beams 4 along the lower and upper zones at their ends are mounted stretch marks 23, absorbing circumferential loads and fixing the ends of the beams 4 in the desired position. The central column 5 in the upper part has a platform 24 on which the measuring devices are mounted and to which the upper belt of the unloading cables 25 is attached, the central column 5 is supported by a thrust ball bearing 26 mounted on the support beams 27 mounted on the bearing walls of the station 28, 29 and perceiving the entire load of the center of the turbine 3. The output shaft of the gearbox 30 of the central column 5 is connected through a detachable sleeve 31 to the input shaft of the gearbox 32 suspended on the beams 27. The output shaft of the gearbox 30 is connected to the generator 34 through the sleeve 33 installed on a separate foundation, not connected with the station and not transferring loads to it. The foundation is equipped with a slide 35 to facilitate installation and dismantling during generator repairs. The generator has speed controllers 36 for both the generator and the turbine as a whole, in the amount of two pieces that duplicate each other. The rotational speed controllers 36 of the exciting current are simultaneously blocking elements for stopping the entire turbine at the limiting values of the wind speed.

Working rotary blades are arranged as follows, Fig.3. In the center of symmetry, a central power strut 37 is installed, which is the axis of the blade, at the ends having fastening nodes 38 with rotary devices 39 mounted in sockets at the ends of the rays of the turbine 3. On the central power strut 37 in the upper, central and lower parts of the blade are installed horizontal bearing links 40, 41, 42 (the quantity is not regulated), on the ends of which lateral vertical posts 43, 44 are installed, having an angular section on the outside of the rack and rigid feathering planes 45, 46 from the inside us. Against the horizontal bearing links 40, 41, 42, interchangeable planes 51 are installed for the grippers of the blades by retainers extended from the tie posts 6. The grips fix the blade along the plane of the turbine beam when its axis coincides with the direction of the wind and the blade is smoothly introduced under the wind load flow, so there is a selection of wind energy. The spaces formed by the lateral vertical struts 43, 44, the central power strut 37 and the horizontal load-bearing ties 40, 41, 42 are covered by panels - sails 50, reinforced by unloading cables 25. On high-power aggregates on the inner side of the vertical side racks 43, 44 instead of rigid feathering planes 45 and 46 (figure 5) it is possible to install the feathering panels 47 and 48 (figure 4). When the blade is released from the grips and it enters the headwind stream on the front leg of the blade, the feathering panels 47 and 48 automatically fold up and do not create resistance to the wind, on the back of the blade, the feathering panels 47 and 48 open under the action of the wind and create a braking moment, thereby the blade along the flow of oncoming air, substituting the smallest sectional area of the blade under the wind. The blades capture mechanism includes a limit switch 49, upon exposure to which the windward blade is fixed for the working stroke, a signal is sent to the grips of the opposite (leeward) blade and it is freed from the grips and goes windworm. To strengthen the entire structure and unload some parts of the installation, additional unloading cables 25 are installed on the vertical posts of the turbine beams, which take part of the load.

Rotor wind turbine with full-bladed blades operates as follows.

If the wind turbine operates in a group with other wind turbines and is included in the general electric network, the engines of the support trolleys 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 are started and they begin to rotate the entire turbine along arrow “C” until any working blade 7 , 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 (figure 2, blade 7), the position of which coincides with the axis of the beam 4 and the wind direction line (arrow "A"); the inner rack of the blade acts on the limit switch 49, which includes the grips on the connecting rack 6, the grippers are activated and rigidly fix the working blades 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 in the same plane with the beam 4. Blades 7, 8 , 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 are shifted with the wind line indicated by arrow “A”, and substitute their surface under the wind stream. With each moment of rotation, the area of the working blades 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 is increasingly affected by the wind (jet "B"), and the entire turbine of the wind turbine is gradually accelerated to the calculated speed. When the calculated speed is reached, the motors of the support trolleys 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 are automatically switched from the engine mode to the generator mode and the generation of consumer current begins. If the wind force exceeds the power of the generators of all the support trucks 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 and the turbine 3 continues to accelerate, the generator 34 is automatically turned on. The speed controllers 36 of the generator 34 coordinate the speed of the turbine 3 and the power of the generated current with the power of the wind flow, as a result of all actions, the turbine enters the normal operation mode, constantly automatically adjusting to the wind both in direction and in power.

If there is only one wind turbine, you can start it from an emergency diesel generator or by towing. All other operations are standard and described above.

When the maximum permissible wind speed is reached, when the generator 34, operating at all permissible load, together with the electric motors of the support trolleys 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, operating in the mode of generators 34, are not able to restrain the speed of the turbine 3, which can lead to an emergency, the emergency protection is automatically turned on by the speed controllers 36 of the generator 34. When the emergency automatics are turned on, the extension line of the grippers of the fully rotating working blades 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 is de-energized first. Line, provide The corresponding return of the grips and the release of full-turning working blades 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, works until all the blades are completely released and they feather in the wind, without creating a rotational moment. When the turbine 3 is completely stopped, the rail clamps are activated and the turbine 3 is rigidly fixed in a stationary position, thus, the installation is prepared for an emergency. When reducing the wind speed to 80-90% of the maximum permissible measuring instruments located on the site 24, give a signal to start the wind turbine in operation and the entire start-up process is repeated.

An advantage of the invention lies in the fact that due to the feathering panels stretched on the blades, the blade is stabilized in the wind during a neutral run to the wind and a peculiar trap for the wind is created during the working stroke, this leads to an increase in the removal of wind power and, therefore, an increase in the efficiency of the wind turbine. And due to the separation of the fulcrum in the wind turbine: on the peripheral annular, perceiving the main mass of the installation and the impact of the wind, and the central fulcrum, perceiving the weight of the central part of the installation, which is an energy concentrator and transmitting device to the main generator, it is possible to create reliable high-power wind turbines, able to withstand extreme loads.

This technical solution of a wind turbine can be used in areas with an average wind potential, for example, in the central regions of Russia, where the average annual wind speed is less than 5 m / s. This provides a solution to the problem of involving environmentally friendly installations operating from renewable energy sources for energy supply to consumers.

Information sources

1. A.S. No. 1150395 USSR, MKI F03D 3/06. Vertical-axial wind wheel / V.M. Lyatkher, I.V. Semenov. - No. 3539774 / 25-06; declared 1/17/83; publ. 04/15/85, Bull. No. 14.

2. A.S. No. 1768797 USSR, MKI F03D 3/06. Wind power installation with a vertical axis of rotation / Yu.Yu. Kachur, V.M. Orlik. - No. 4868269/06; declared 08/13/90; publ. 10/15/92, Bull. No. 38.

3. A.S. No. 1622609 USSR, MKI F03D 9/00. Wind turbine / V.M. Antipov. - No. 4484215/06; declared 09/20/88; publ. 01/23/91, Bull. Number 3.

Claims (2)

1. A rotor wind turbine with full-rotor blades, including a base, a vertical shaft of rotation, rotor blades mounted parallel to the shaft with the possibility of rotation around the axes passing through their centers of gravity, characterized in that it is equipped with a rotor turbine with full-rotor blades placed on it, and having the central and peripheral point of support, while the turbine is coaxially connected to the electric generator, equipped with a control system operating in automatic mode, and a power system, cut drowning current consumption, control devices, safety automatics and starting devices, as well as an automatic control system for its operation; the central part of the turbine consists of a central column, on the upper part of which there are measuring instruments, and the base of the central column is supported by a ball bearing mounted in the base, the base consists of a foundation ring having in the center a metal circle with guide rails along which the support trolleys move with the engines on which the turbines are installed, and when starting the engines of the support trolleys, the rotation of the entire turbine begins and continues until the design speed is reached, after which the engines of the support trolleys automatically switch from the engine mode to the generator mode and the generation of consumer current begins, the central column is a connecting link between the rays extending from its center and connecting racks installed in the central part of the turbine rays between the lower parts of the rays, axes are installed at the ends of the rays rotations of full-rotor working blades and gripping devices that fix the blades in the working position when the internal rack of the blade acts on the final switch b, shutting down the grips, an output shaft is installed in the lower part of the central column, which is connected via a detachable coupling to the input shaft of the gearbox, which increases the speed for normal operation of the generator, the output shaft of the gearbox is connected by the lower detachable coupling to the generator, on which the exciter is mounted with a gearbox that adjusts the value excitation current to the main exciter, and the main exciter in turn regulates the excitation current on the generator, which develops a current power corresponding to the current motives of rotation of the entire turbine, support trolleys, on which full-rotor working blades are supported, are equipped with gripping devices that fix the turbine in a stationary position with a wind force exceeding the calculated value; central power racks are installed in the center of symmetry of the full-rotor working blades, which are their axis, having fastening nodes at the ends with rotary devices installed in sockets at the ends of the turbine beams, horizontal load-bearing ties are installed on the racks in the upper, central and lower parts of the blades, at the ends of which lateral vertical struts are installed motionlessly, having an angular section on the outside of the strut and feathering planes on the inside, against horizontal bearing ties interchangeable planes for gripping the blades by clamps pulled out from the uprights that fix the blade along the turbine planes when their axes coincide with the direction of the wind and smoothly insert the blades under the wind load flow, the spaces formed by vertical struts and horizontal ties are covered with sailing panels reinforced unloading cables. 2. The rotor wind turbine with full-bladed blades according to claim 1, characterized in that on the inner side of the side vertical racks of the full-bladed working blades, feathering panels are installed, which when the blades are released from the grips and enter them in the headwind stream on the front blade rack automatically fold and do not create resistance to the wind, and on the back of the blade, under the influence of the wind, the blades open and create a braking moment, flueing the blades along the oncoming air flow, substituting smallest sectional area of the blades.

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