RU2346893C2 - Bactericide unit for water disinfection on underwater manned vehicles - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: bactericide unit is designed for water disinfection on underwater manned vehicles. The bactericide unit comprises a U-shaped housing separated into compartments and containing a filtering element, UV lamp, connecting manifold, partition with angular through holes and individual control panel connected via electric cable to the UV lamp, and the UV lamp and filtering element are located in the side compartments of the U-shaped housing. The connecting manifold is made of two pipes joined at an angle 30° to 120°, and a dead pocket fitted with an absorbing insert is connected to one of the pipes in axial alignment with the UV lamp. Inside the connecting manifold, a partition with through holes is located, with the holes made in the form of noncircular channels with light-reflective surfaces. The control panel is equipped with a power supply unit, symbol display annunciator, electronic starting and control unit for UV lamp lighting, and a microcontroller-based control board, which provides galvanic power isolation, input and output signals.

EFFECT: improved water treatment quality and equipment reliability together with serviceability and reduced equipment dimensions and weight.

2 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to autonomous water purification systems and can be used on underwater and deep-sea inhabited vehicles (PGA), where high demands are placed on compactness, reliability, ease of maintenance and acoustic characteristics of the equipment, as well as to ensure the secrecy of the object.

Known bactericidal apparatus for disinfecting water type BAKT, commercially available according to the specifications TSAKI.066754.001TU and intended for use on surface ships and in coastal conditions. The BAKT device is a cylindrical body, in the cavity of which a bactericidal lamp of ultraviolet radiation (UV lamp) is placed, and a separately located control panel with a starter-throttle ignition circuit of the UV lamp.

The disadvantages of such BACT devices are the bulkiness of the design, the impossibility of preliminary clarification of water, the unreliable (accompanied by flickering) ignition of a UV lamp, the low efficiency of the bactericidal flow and, as a result, the insufficient quality of water disinfection, especially at the time of starting and stopping the device. For the indicated reasons, BAKT devices are not used at PHA.

Also known is a bactericidal apparatus for disinfecting water on underwater inhabited objects (patent No. 2233798, C02F1 / 32, 2004). This apparatus consists of a U-shaped housing, divided into sections and containing a filter element, a UV lamp, a connecting collector, a partition with inclined through holes and a control panel connected by an electric cable to the UV lamp. This bactericidal apparatus was selected as a prototype of the claimed technical solution.

The prototype has the following disadvantages.

1. The device may dispense substandard water for reasons

- the presence in the case of stagnant zones inaccessible to UV rays,

- flickering of UV lamps at the moment of ignition and combustion, which is typical for starter-throttle circuits,

- incomplete use of UV radiation,

- slow release of UV lamps to a stable combustion mode - especially at low ambient temperatures and the sensitivity of the ignition circuit of UV lamps to voltage fluctuations, which negatively affects the reliability of the PHA life support system,

- sensitivity of the ignition circuit of UV lamps to voltage fluctuations, which negatively affects the reliability of the PHA life support system.

2. The inability to quickly and completely drain the apparatus.

3. Poor acoustic performance due to the flickering of UV lamps and the humming of the throttle.

4. Significant dimensions and weight.

The technical task of the proposed technical solution is

- improving the quality of water disinfection;

- improving the reliability of the PHA life support system,

- reducing the complexity of equipment maintenance;

- improvement of acoustic characteristics of PHA;

- reducing the size and weight of the apparatus.

The technical result is ensured by the fact that the UV lamp and the filter element are placed in the side sections of the U-shaped housing, and the connecting manifold is made in the form of two pipes joined at an angle of 30-120 °, a blind pocket is connected coaxially with the UV lamp, equipped with a shock absorbing insert, while the partition is located in the cavity of the connecting manifold, and its through holes are made in the form of channels of non-circular, for example rectangular cross-section, with reflective surfaces, for example polished, except In addition, the control panel is autonomous and equipped with an electronic ballast (UV ballast) for igniting a UV lamp, containing elements electrically connected to each other, providing power to the UV lamp with a high frequency voltage and a smooth decrease in the frequency of the electric current in the UV lamp during ignition from the start over-resonance value to the working sub-resonance value, power supply, control board, built on the basis of a microcontroller with galvanic isolation for power, input and output signals and an indicator in the form of character display. In addition, the electronic ballast circuit is made on a separate printed circuit board and includes a direct current converter, a half-bridge inverter, a resonant circuit, a driver chip, and also circuits: frequency-setting, a signal about the operation of the UV lamp, external and protective.

The proposed solution is illustrated by drawings,

where in Fig.1 - the case of the bactericidal apparatus;

figure 2 is a view of the housing B;

figure 3 is a view of the housing;

figure 4 is a section aa;

figure 5 is a circuit diagram of a control panel;

Fig.6 is a circuit diagram of an electronic ballast.

The bactericidal apparatus (Fig. 1) consists of a U-shaped case and an autonomous control panel, interconnected by an electric cable.

The body of the bactericidal apparatus (Fig. 1) consists of straight sections 1 and 2 (pipe sections) and a connecting manifold formed by pipe sections 3 and 4 connected to each other at an angle of 30-120 °. At an angle of less than 30 °, the layout of sections 1 and 2 is difficult and the overall height of the apparatus increases. At an angle of more than 120 °, the self-drying effect of the apparatus worsens and its overall width increases. The straight sections and the connecting manifold are joined together, for example, by welding and form a single cavity of a U-shape. In the cavity of the straight section 1, a cartridge filter element 5 is placed, resting on a support 6. At the top, section 1 is closed by a cover 7, which presses the filter element 5 against the support 6.

A bactericidal UV lamp 8 is placed in the cavity of the straight section 2, placed in a protective quartz cover 9. The lower end of the quartz cover is placed in a blind pocket 10, which is joined to the pipe 4 of the connecting elbow coaxially with section 2, and rests on the shock-absorbing insert 11 (Fig. 2 ), which protects the quartz cover from destruction when exposed to external mechanical loads. Section 2 is closed from above by a cover 12, in which are placed the seal details of the quartz case and the electrical connector 13 with cable 14 for supplying power to the UV lamp. A partition 15 is installed in the cavity of the connecting manifold, and its inclined through holes 16 are made in the form of channels of non-circular, for example, rectangular cross-section, with reflective surfaces (Fig. 3), for example, polished. At the lowest point of the connecting manifold (at the junction at an angle of pipes 3 and 4), a drainage nozzle 17 is provided. figure 4).

The control panel (figure 5) contains a power supply (PSU); control board (PU); character board (CT); electronic ballast (electronic ballast).

On the front panel of the control panel there is a power supply toggle switch; buttons “Turn on”, “Turn off”, “Check lamps”; lamps "Power", "Work", "Fault"; indicator display behind the filter.

The power supply unit is a converter of alternating voltage 220 V, 50 Hz to a constant voltage +24 V for powering the display and control systems.

The control board is the main core of the control system and is built on the basis of, for example, an 8-bit RISC microcontroller from Atmel type ATmega 8535. The control panel is provided with galvanic isolation for power, input and output signals.

The symbol board is a board with an eight-character symbol indicator displayed on the front panel of the shield, and is used to display the lamp operating hours. The symbol board allows you to display any text information.

The electronic ballast (ECG) is a small-sized circuit board with electronic elements and is used for fast and reliable ignition and efficient operation of the UV lamp.

The electrical circuit of the electronic ballasts (Fig.6) is constructed as follows.

The mains voltage of 220 V, 50 Hz is converted into a constant voltage supplied to a half-bridge inverter (semiconductor frequency converter). The inverter is controlled by a driver chip. The frequency of the inverter is determined by the master circuit. The inverter commutes the circuit with a resonant circuit, consisting of a choke that limits the operating current of the lamp, and a capacitor shunted by the lamp after ignition (not shown in the diagram). Protective circuits turn off the inverter if the lamp is not lit or disconnected. The signal circuit gives a signal about the operation of the UV lamp. The input signal to start and the output of the lamp is galvanically isolated from external circuits.

The bactericidal apparatus works as follows.

When the power supply toggle switch is turned on on the control panel, the mains voltage is supplied to the electronic ballasts and to the power supply unit, which provides 24 V internal circuits. The control panel displays the current lamp operating time in hours on the CT and waits for signals from the buttons. When you press the "Start" button on the electronic ballast, a signal to turn on the lamp is set. If, within a few seconds, a signal about the operation of the UV lamp comes from the electronic ballast, the “Work” lamp lights up, the running time begins with the output to the CT, otherwise the turn-on signal is removed and after a pause is given again (re-ignition). If the signal from the electronic ballast does not come again or disappears during the operation of the UV lamp, the enable signal is removed and the “Fault” lamp lights up. When the “Stop” button is pressed, the UV lamp enable signal is removed, the countdown stops, the “Operation” and “Failure” lamps are extinguished.

Upon receipt of the “On” signal, the frequency-setting circuit in the electronic ballasts sets the initial (over-resonance) frequency of the inverter operation to about 300 kHz and smoothly reduces it to the working (sub-resonance) frequency of 30 kHz. In this case, the electrode filaments of the lamp are heated. After approximately 0.3 s (the start-up time is set by the frequency-setting circuit), the frequency drops to 40-50 kHz, while the resonant circuit provides a high voltage UV lamp ignition lamp to the electrodes. When the UV lamp is operating, the resonant circuit parameters change and the operating voltage and current are set on the UV lamp. From an additional inductor winding, voltage is supplied to the output circuit of the lamp operation. If the UV lamp is not ignited, high voltage is maintained. Protective circuits detect a prolonged overvoltage and lamp disconnection and turn off the inverter. In this case, the UV lamp goes out and the output signal about the lamp is taken. Loss of a signal to turn on the lamp also stops the inverter.

After the UV lamp is lit, the source water is supplied under pressure to the apparatus body through the nozzle 18. At the same time, due to the tangential position of the nozzle 18, large suspended particles are discarded by centrifugal forces to the periphery of section 1, are concentrated in the wall region and, sliding down, accumulate in the gap between element 5 and the wall of section 1 (as in a sump). Thus, preliminary clarification of water from coarse impurities occurs. The final (subtle) clarification occurs when filtering water through a finely porous element 5 in the direction from the outside to the inside. The clarified water through the drainage channel 20 enters the cavity of the connecting manifold, where it is subjected to intense irradiation with UV rays, as shown in figure 3. The irradiation process is facilitated by the fact that direct and reflected UV rays from the polished surface affect the water flow, which is simultaneously “twisted” on the partition 15. Moreover, UV rays are reflected not only from the outer surface of the partition 15, but also from the inner surfaces of the channels 16 ( 2), thereby providing a reliable bactericidal effect in the area of the connecting manifold, i.e. in the stagnant zone. Moreover, channels of a non-circular (for example, rectangular) section made in the partition as compared with channels of a circular section provide a known turbulent regime of water flow, which contributes to the most complete contact of all water molecules with UV rays. The “swirling” flow then goes to section 2, where the process of water disinfection is completed when the water moves along the surface of the quartz cover 9. The tangential location of the nozzle 19 ensures the movement of water inside section 2 along a spiral path until it exits the apparatus, so that each water molecule It is exposed to UV rays and is disinfected. During periods of system inactivity (when there is no water flow through the apparatus), a stagnant zone is formed in the connecting manifold, in which microflora can potentially accumulate and grow. It is during these periods that the device device provides high bactericidal reliability and safety. Fast and complete drainage of the apparatus is ensured through the connecting manifold and fitting 17, which is facilitated by the proposed geometric shape of the collector.

Thus, the proposed bactericidal apparatus, as a combination of known and new significant features, ensures the achievement of the technical task, namely:

- the quality of water treatment is improved and, as a result, the reliability of the apparatus is increased due to the effective pre-treatment of water by centrifugal forces; the disinfecting effect of near and far (reflected) UV rays, fast (almost instantaneous) ignition of a UV lamp even at low temperatures;

- increased operational reliability of the system by issuing information about the state of the UV lamp and providing the ability, if necessary, to re-ignite it, as well as inform staff about the malfunction;

- it is possible to diagnose a UV lamp and debug the algorithm of the device directly in the system, without breaking mechanical and electrical connections;

- ensured rapid and complete drainage of the apparatus due to the optimal geometry of the connecting manifold;

- improved acoustic characteristics of PHA due to the possibility of starting and long-term operation of the bactericidal apparatus without flickering of a UV lamp and the humming of a throttle;

- improved overall dimensions of the apparatus due to the exclusion of external collectors (pipelines) connecting the sections of the apparatus.

So, when developing working design documentation (RCD) of the inventive special-purpose apparatus with a capacity of 1 m ³ / h, it was found that only due to these factors it was possible to reduce the overall volume of the apparatus by 15% and its weight by 20% compared with the apparatus of known design of the same performance. In addition, due to the construction of a control system based on modern electronics, the dimensions of the control panel have been significantly (approximately 30%) reduced.

When studying and analyzing well-known technical solutions, no other objects were found that discredited the novelty of the claimed invention.

Claims (2)

1. A bactericidal apparatus for disinfecting water on underwater inhabited objects, consisting of a U-shaped housing, divided into sections and containing a filter element, a UV lamp, a connecting collector, a partition with inclined through holes, and a control panel connected by an electric cable to the UV lamp characterized in that the UV lamp and filter element are located in the side sections of the U-shaped housing, and the connecting manifold is made in the form of two pipes joined at an angle of 30 ... 120 °, one of which is aligned with the UV lamp a blind pocket equipped with a shock-absorbing insert is connected, while the partition is located in the cavity of the connecting manifold, and its through holes are made in the form of channels of non-circular cross section with reflective surfaces, in addition, the control panel is autonomous and equipped with an electronic ballast for electronic control (UV) lamps containing electrically interconnected elements that provide power to a UV lamp with a high frequency voltage and a smooth decrease in the frequency of electric current in -lampe during ignition of the starting value to nadrezonansnoy podrezonansnoy working value power unit, the control board, built on the basis of a microcontroller providing nutrition galvanic isolation, input and output signals, and a character indicator board. 2. The bactericidal apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the electronic ballast circuit is made on a separate printed circuit board and includes a direct current converter, a half-bridge inverter, a resonant circuit, a driver chip, and also a circuit: frequency-setting, a signal about the operation of the UV lamp external and protective.

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