RU2342658C1 - Method of determination of optimum parameters of magnetic field for regulation viability of seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method is intended, in particular, for preplant treatment of seeds and-or their sprouts, and also can be used and in other branches where extraction process is applied. For definition of sensitivity of object to parametres of a magnetic field from test of biological object, extract macromolecules, separate cellular covers and receive a water biological solution. The received solution of 3-300 Hz, intensity 0.15-10 A/m and variable electric field with frequency subject to simultaneous influence by a magnetic field with frequency of 1-30 Hz, of 0.01-0.07 mv/m. Thus during 10-120 with measure by intensity phase shift between a current and the pressure created by electric field, and make calculation of quantity of changes of a phase with level more than 10°. On these data build the schedule of dependence of number of shifts of a phase between the current and the pressure created by electric field, from frequency of a magnetic field. Under the schedule reveal areas of frequencies of a magnetic field with maximum and a minimum quantity of shifts of the phases, providing, accordingly, stimulation and suppression of activity of biological processes.

EFFECT: realisation of possibility of regulation of activity of the processes promoting acceleration of terms of growth of the agricultural crops.

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Description

The claimed invention relates to the field of agriculture and is intended to determine the optimal parameters of the magnetic field, allowing you to adjust the activity of biological objects, in particular, agricultural purposes in the pre-sowing treatment of seeds and (or) their seedlings. The invention may also find application in storing seeds, to increase the yield of sugar from beets, etc., as well as in other industries that use the extraction process from biological objects.

It is known that the action of an electromagnetic field on biological objects can cause the acceleration of certain biochemical reactions and thereby contribute to a change in a number of biochemical, biophysical, and physicochemical parameters. In particular, it is known that exposure to an electromagnetic field, for example, the frequency range of 3-30 Hz, it is possible to increase the germination rate of seed germination and to increase the yield of plants (see, for example, patents No. 2179792, 2134944, etc.). Also, by influencing an electromagnetic field of the same range, it is possible to accelerate the extraction processes from root crops of plants, in particular, sugar beets and to increase the yield of sugar from it and increase the shelf life (see, patents No. 2172094, 2172091, 2172095, 2172096, etc. )

However, all existing methods of exposure to biological objects by an electromagnetic field, which, in particular, are seeds, their seedlings, plant roots, etc. not effective enough, because There are no processing methods that take into account the biological characteristics of a particular object located in specific conditions. To achieve the best result, it is necessary to work on a specific biological object - seeds with a special field with parameters specially selected for this object.

Thus, the invention is new and has no analogues.

The technical task of the invention is the ability to take into account the characteristics of the properties of a biological object on the example of crops, in particular seeds, which is carried out by selecting a magnetic field with the most effective parameters for influencing it on the object in order to activate or suppress biological processes, in particular germination, which affects the change ripening periods, increasing yield and quality of crops, for the duration of their storage without loss of quality and other processes.

This problem is solved as follows. A method for determining optimal magnetic field parameters for controlling seed germination involves determining the sensitivity of a biological object to magnetic field parameters, for which macromolecules are extracted from a sample of this object, cell membranes are separated and an aqueous biological solution containing protein macromolecules is obtained, which is subjected to a magnetic field at a frequency 3-300 Hz, with a strength of 0.15-10 A / m and an alternating electric field with a frequency of 1-30 Hz, with a strength of 0.01-0.07 mV / m, while during 10-120 s, the phase shift between the current and voltage generated by the electric field is measured and the number of phase changes with a level of more than 10 ° is calculated, according to these data, a graph is plotted of the number of phase shifts between the current and voltage created by the electric field on the magnetic frequency fields and according to this graph, the frequency regions of the magnetic field are identified with the maximum number of phase shifts providing stimulation of the activity of biological processes, increasing germination, and minimal, providing suppression of their act vnosti lowering germination.

With a magnetic field with the found parameters, it is possible to process a biological object if it is necessary to stimulate metabolic processes with a frequency that causes the maximum number of phase shifts, and if necessary, suppress the activity of biological processes with a frequency that causes a minimum number of phase shifts with the same field strength.

The technical result is the ability to control the activity of processes occurring in biological objects, in particular, germination, which accelerate the ripening of crops, increase their yield, increase shelf life, improve quality and nutritional value, etc. by identifying the required parameters of the magnetic field, stimulating either inhibitory effects on processes occurring in specific biological objects.

This method can be implemented using the installation, a block diagram of which is shown in the drawing.

The installation consists of a generator of low-frequency electrical oscillations 1, connected to the emitter 2, made in the form of an inductor. The conductometric cell 3 is designed to contain the extract of the test biological object, installed in the field of the low-frequency generator 1 and connected to the impedance meter 4, which serves to measure the phase between the current and voltage. The conductivity cell 3 and the emitter 2 are placed in a grounded shielded chamber 5 made of ferromagnetic materials. In the same chamber 5, in the field of action of the emitter 2, for the speed of the exposure process, a platform 6 can also be placed designed for a container with a biological object (bag of seeds, a tray with seedlings, etc.), the activity of which is subject to regulation.

The method is implemented as follows. According to one of the known methods, an aqueous biological solution is obtained, the optimal exposure parameters for which must be established. To do this, protein macromolecules are extracted from the seeds of a number of crops and cell membranes are separated to obtain an extract - an aqueous biological solution containing protein macromolecules. This extract is placed in a conductivity cell 3. Turn on the instruments. Cell 3 receives electrical vibrations from the impedance meter 4, and voltage is supplied to the emitter 2 from the low-frequency oscillation generator 1. A magnetic field is created in the lines of force of which the studied extract is located.

In the case of resonance absorption of the electromagnetic field by protein macromolecules, the temperature vibrations of these molecules are redistributed, which causes an instantaneous change in the charge distribution and a change in the conformation of protein macromolecules. This leads to a change in the electrophysical properties of the test solution, which, in turn, is recorded by the impedance meter as an instantaneous change in the phase shift between voltage and current flowing through the cell. As a result, at certain frequencies of the magnetic field, an abrupt phase shift occurred between the current and voltage. Further, according to the readings of the impedance meter, the number of phase jumps between the current and voltage in time, that is, the frequency of the phase shift, is determined. For the time period during which the change in the phase shift was taken into account, the time interval is from 15 to 120 s. In this way, the magnetic field frequencies are established, leading to maximum changes in biochemical processes that occur under the action of enzymes. For each variety and condition of crops, in particular seeds, a set of resonant frequencies is found that are characteristic only of this variety in a certain temperature range. These frequencies are used to process biological objects with a magnetic field with various parameters depending on the task.

Method implementation examples

We searched for the optimal parameters of the magnetic field for various crops.

Example 1

An extraction solution of sunflower seeds of the Yubileiny variety, obtained at a temperature of 30 ° C to 40 ° C, was poured into the cell. The electric field strength was 0.01 mV / m, the magnetic field strength 10 A / m The frequency of the magnetic field was set to 3 Hz. The phase between the electric current and the voltage applied to the cell was measured using a BM-507 impedance meter for a time interval of 30 s. The phase changes between the electric current and the voltage applied to the cell were calculated, and values whose magnitude exceeded more than 10 ° were taken into account. Then set a new value of the frequency of the magnetic field. The frequency of the magnetic field was changed in increments of 0.5 Hz in the range from 3 to 50 Hz. After each change in the frequency of the magnetic field, the system was allowed to relax for 30 s. The temperature of the solutions was controlled using a thermometer with an accuracy of 0.5 ° C and was 22 ° C. A graph was built of the dependence of the amount of phase change between current and voltage on the frequency of the magnetic field. As a result, the graphs contained pronounced maxima and minima corresponding to certain frequencies. The maxima in the graph corresponding to the extraction solution of sunflower seeds of the Yubileiny variety were observed at a magnetic field frequency of 12.0 Hz, 18.0 Hz, 19.0 Hz, 23.0 Hz, 31.0 Hz, 37.0 Hz, 44.0 Hz Minima were observed at a magnetic field frequency of 14.0 Hz, 21.0 Hz, 25.0 Hz, 35.0 Hz, 39.0-41.0 Hz, 47.0 Hz.

To confirm the correct determination of resonance frequencies, a magnetic field was applied to sunflower seeds. For this, the seeds were placed in a grounded chamber made of ferromagnetic material. In the chamber there was an emitter, which is an inductor having 2000 turns, with an inductance of L = 0.1 H, connected to a low-frequency oscillation generator G3-118. The processing of sunflower seeds by a magnetic field was carried out with magnetic field parameters selected in accordance with pre-selected parameters.

Sampling was carried out according to GOST 12036-85 (GOST 12036-85. Seeds of agricultural crops. Methods of sampling.), That is, seeds that did not have mechanical damage were selected, seed sizes were in the range 1.4-1.6 cm. Discarded also seeds with abnormal coloration, mold, damaged cotyledons, seeds without a germ, germinated seeds, seeds that have lost 1/2 or more seeds, containing various dead impurities, lumps of earth, fragments of stems and flowers, bare seeds.

The germination and germination energy of sunflower seeds was determined according to GOST 12038-84 (GOST 12038-84. Seeds of agricultural crops. Method for determining germination.).

As a result, the treatment of sunflower seeds of the Yubileiny cultivar with a magnetic field with a frequency of 31.0 Hz and a field strength of 10 A / m for 3 minutes led to an increase in seed germination by 19% compared to control (germination in experiment 77%, germination in control 58 %), treatment of sunflower seeds of the same variety with a magnetic field with a frequency of 44.0 Hz, field strength of 10 A / m for 3 minutes led to an increase in germination by 34%.

We also checked the suppressing effect of the magnetic field on the seeds of sunflower cultivar Yubileiny. For this, resonance frequencies were used (for the Yubileiny variety), corresponding to the observed minima of the phase shift between the current and the voltage of the electric field applied to the cell. As a result of processing sunflower cultivar Yubileiny with a magnetic field with a frequency of 14.0 Hz and a field strength of 10 A / m for 3 minutes, the germination rate of the experimental seeds decreased by 27% compared to the control. Processing with a magnetic field with a frequency of 21.0 Hz led to a decrease in germination of experimental seeds compared to the control by 20%.

Example 2

Analogously to example 1, a check was carried out on the seeds of sunflower varieties Lakomka. The electric field strength was 0.05 mV / m, the magnetic field strength 5 A / m, and the resonant frequencies of the magnetic field were found in the range from 3 to 50 Hz. After that, the magnetic field was processed in accordance with the found resonant frequencies.

As a result of stimulating treatment of sunflower seeds of the Lakomka variety with a magnetic field with a frequency of 22 Hz and a field strength of 5 A / m for 20 minutes, it increased seed germination by 35% compared with the control (germination in the control 62%, 97% in the experiment).

Processing of sunflower seeds of the Lakomka variety in the oppressive mode with a magnetic field with a frequency of 39.0 Hz and a field strength of 10 A / m for 3 minutes led to a decrease in seed germination by 24% compared with the control.

Example 3

Analogously to example 1, a check was carried out on seeds of the Berezansky variety. To search for resonance frequencies, germinated (on the 7th day) seeds of sunflower of the Berezansky variety were used. An extraction solution was prepared from seeds and seedlings. We found resonant frequencies in the range from 50 to 300 Hz, while the electric field strength was 0.07 mV / m, the magnetic field strength was 0.15 A / m. After that, seeds were treated with seedlings in accordance with the found resonant frequencies.

As a result, the treatment of sunflower seeds in the stimulating regime of the Berezansky cultivar with seedlings with a magnetic field with a frequency of 300 Hz and a field strength of 0.15 A / m for 30 minutes led to an increase in their length by 12 mm compared to the control (average length of seedlings in experiment 18 mm, the length of seedlings in the control 6 mm).

Processing of sunflower seeds of the Berezansky variety — their seedlings in the oppressive mode with a magnetic field with a frequency of 205.0 Hz, field strength of 10 A / m, for 3 minutes led to a reduction in the length of seedlings by 18% compared with the control.

Example 4

Analogously to example 1, a check was carried out on the seeds of soybean varieties Vilan-Elita. To search for resonance frequencies, an extraction solution obtained from soybean seeds of the Vilan-Elita cultivar was used. After that, soybean seeds were processed in accordance with the found resonant frequencies for 10 minutes.

As a result, treatment of soybean seeds of the Vilan-Elita cultivar in a stimulating mode with a magnetic field with a frequency of 15 Hz and a field strength of 5 A / m for 10 minutes led to an increase in seed germination by 14% compared to the control.

The treatment of seeds of soybean varieties Vilan-Elita in the depressing mode with a magnetic field with a frequency of 19 Hz, a field strength of 5 A / m for 10 minutes led to a decrease in seed germination by 16% compared with the control.

Example 5

Analogously to example 1, a check was performed on the seeds of sugar beet cultivar MS-74. To search for resonance frequencies, an extraction solution of sugar beet seeds of the MS-74 variety was used at a temperature of 20 ° C.

After finding the resonance frequencies of this variety of sugar beet seeds, a field experiment was performed.

In the experiment, a variety of sugar beet seeds MS-74 was used, the first reproduction. Sowing was carried out with a precision seeder at the rate of 7 seeds per 1 linear meter. Plot allocation is randomized, six-fold repetition. The soil was weakly leached chernozem, low humus, and heavy duty. The amount of humus in the arable horizon was 3.8%. The mechanical composition is heavy loamy, the soil structure is lumpy-granular, and the water-air properties are good. Soil reaction - pH 6.8. The predecessor was winter wheat. The peeling of the predecessor by the cultivator LD-10 was carried out; plowing with a PN-4-35 plow to a depth of 25 ÷ 27 cm; presowing cultivation to a depth of 10 ÷ 12 cm, respectively. During the growing season, extreme weather conditions were not observed.

Sugar beet seeds were treated in a stimulating mode with a magnetic field with a frequency of 18.0 Hz for 60 minutes at a field strength of 10 A / m four hours before sowing in a thermostated chamber at a temperature of 20 ° C.

As a result, the yield in the experiment was 414 (t / ha), the average weight of the tuber was 460 g, in the control 357 (t / ha) and 397 g, respectively. Both indicators exceeded the experimental error, which allows us to conclude that there is a significant change in yield.

Before conducting the studies, an assessment was made of electric fluctuations (affecting the measurement of the phase between current and voltage) and beats arising between the electric field applied to the conductivity cell, the magnetic field generated by the emitter, the interference of the electrical network and other sources of electromagnetic interference. The size of the beats in all measurements was insignificant (no more than 2 °), therefore this factor can be neglected.

Thus, it can be seen from the examples that the determination of the optimal parameters of the magnetic field for exposure to biological objects and the subsequent processing of biological objects, in particular seeds of agricultural crops, with this field with a frequency corresponding to their resonant frequencies found for each object separately (type and even varieties of the same species), creates the opportunity to influence - to accelerate, and accordingly slow down the biochemical processes in them and affect germination and productivity.

Claims (1)

A method for determining the optimal parameters of the magnetic field for controlling seed germination, characterized in that the sensitivity of the biological object to the parameters of the magnetic field is determined, for which macromolecules are extracted from the sample of the biological object, cell membranes are separated and an aqueous biological solution containing protein macromolecules is obtained, which is subjected to simultaneous exposure a magnetic field with a frequency of 3-300 Hz and a strength of 0.15-10 A / m and an alternating electric field with a frequency of 1-30 Hz and a at a temperature of 0.01-0.07 mV / m, while during 10-120 s the phase shift between the current and voltage created by the electric field is measured and the number of phase changes with a level of more than 10 ° is calculated, according to these data, a dependency graph is constructed the number of phase shifts between the current and the voltage generated by the electric field, from the frequency of the magnetic field, and the graph reveals the frequency region of the magnetic field with the maximum number of phase shifts, providing stimulation of the activity of biological processes, increasing germination, and minimum, providing suppression of their activity, reducing germination.