RU2341330C1 - Device for grain crimping - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: device contains basis, loading bunker with a window for grain exit, grinder with a protective casing, and last is established on the basis, and grinder is executed in the form of the electric motor with the plate established on its shaft, sieve. The electric motor is supplied by the thermosafety lock established on its winding. The grinder is established on the basis at an angle of 85±4° to the basis. The loading bunker is executed demountable and fixed on a protective casing through shockabsorbing spacing washers. Working blades of the plate are ground at an angle of 25±5°. The sieve is executed in the form of a demountable grid, thus the basis, the sidewall and the demountable grid form the crimping chamber where the plate with the working blades is located, established on an electric motor shaft.

EFFECT: decrease of materials consumption and increase of its safety and quality of crimping.

4 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to mechanisms for processing grain into feed, in particular to devices for crushing grain and can be used in individual and farm enterprises.

State of the art

A feed chopper is known, including a housing, a chopper pre-chopper, a feed screw installed in the casing, a chopper secondary chopper and a drive mechanism, while the pre-chopper is made in the form of two counter-rotating shafts with knives rotating at different speeds, and the secondary chopper is installed in a bell of the casing at the output end of the feed screw and is made in the form of a rotating conical rotor with exhaust blades and knives interacting with the contradiction with knives on the socket of the auger casing.

In the feed chopper on the inner surface of the auger casing, knife bars are installed along a helical line.

In the feed grinder on the driven shaft of the pre-grinding apparatus, a safety clutch is installed (see AS SU No. 185618, class A01F 29/04, publ. 13.08.1966).

The disadvantage of this grinder is the design complexity, low reliability and ergonomics, since the gap between the housing and the side surface of the rotating conical rotor with exhaust blades is filled with grinding products that must be removed.

A device for grinding grain is known, characterized in that it has a cylindrical body with a bottom, a storage pan, a deck and a grinding chamber in the form of a rotor with grinding elements and a removable loading hopper with a bottom and an adjusting mechanism for feeding grain installed in the upper part of the housing, the adjusting mechanism for feeding grain is made in the form of a loading hopper located on the bottom with the possibility of a fixed rotation of a flat ring with vertical holes relative to it, coaxial with which similar holes are made in the bottom of the hopper, the rotor is equipped with guide disks arranged vertically successively under the holes of the bottom of the hopper and a flat ring, the grinding elements are made in the form of hammers pivotally attached to the guide discs with axes, between the inner diameter of the deck and the diameter of the circle , described by the ends of the hammers, there is a gap σ, and the storage pan is made in the form of a cylindrical collector, communicating the grinding chamber with a cyclone having an exhaust ny pipe, and a separator.

In the device, the gap σ is 3-6 mm.

In the device between the inner diameter of the deck and the outer diameter of each guide disk there is a gap δ equal to 12-17 mm (see US Pat. RU No. 2266160, class B02C 13/04, publ. 12/20/2005).

The disadvantage of this device is the high complexity of manufacturing, high energy consumption and weight and size characteristics of grinding grain into a flour type fraction, since the working blades of the plate do not have a sharp cutting edge.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved positive effect and adopted by the authors for the prototype is a device for grinding grain containing a frame with a loading hopper fixed to it, having a window for the exit of grain, a sieve and a grinder, while the frame is made in the form of a plate with a window for exit grain, coinciding with the window for the exit of grain from the hopper, and the hole for the grinder shaft, which is made in the form of a vertically mounted and equipped with a sealing unit of a high-speed electric motor and with plates symmetrically mounted on its shaft, passed through the bed, the plane of rotation of the peripheral impact part of which passes under the window for grain exit, and the sieve is removable and mounted under the grinder.

In the device, the window area for the exit of grain is made equal to 300-600 mm ² .

In the device around the perimeter of the sieve with a radial clearance, a reflector made in the form of a ring is fixed.

The device on the bed is made of stop-clamps for packaging containers of grain processing products in the form of mobile brackets with fixing parts and a scale of container sizes (see US Pat. No. 2140325, class B02C 9/04, B02C 7/18, B02C 13 / 16, published on October 27, 1999).

The disadvantages of this device are the large weight and size characteristics, the absence of a device to turn off the motor in case of violation of normal operation, the inability to obtain fractions of different sizes of crushed grain.

Disclosure of invention

The objective of the invention is to develop a device for crushing grain, with a decrease in material consumption, safety in work and improvement of consumer properties.

The technical result that can be obtained using the present invention is to reduce material consumption, increase safety by eliminating the ignition of the motor windings when the rotor is locked, improve consumer properties due to the possibility of obtaining fractions of different sizes of crushed grain.

The technical result is achieved using a device for crushing grain containing a base, a loading hopper with a window for grain exit, a chopper with a protective casing, the latter being mounted on the base and made in the form of an electric motor, a plate, a sieve mounted on its shaft, while the electric motor is equipped with a thermal fuse mounted on its shell, and the chopper is mounted on the base at an angle of 85 ± 4 ° to the base, while the hopper is removable and mounted on a protective casing through amort insulating pads, and the working blades of the plate are sharpened at an angle of 25 ± 5 °, the sieve is made in the form of a removable mesh, while the base, shell and removable mesh form a crushing chamber in which there is a plate with working blades mounted on the motor shaft.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 - given a device for crushing grain, General view.

In Fig.2 - the same plate with working blades.

Figure 3 - the same, shock-absorbing pads.

In Fig.4 - the same shims.

The implementation of the invention

A device for crushing grain consists of a base 1, a loading hopper 2 with a window (not shown) for grain output, a grinder 3 with a protective casing 4, the latter being installed on the base 1, while the grinder 3 is made in the form of an electric motor, on the shaft 5 of which is installed plate 6, the working blades 7, which are sharpened at an angle of 25 ± 5 °, allowing to crush the grain into parts, excluding the flour fraction and located in the crushing chamber 8, while the crushing chamber 8 is formed by a base 1, a shell 9 and a removable mesh 10, and the electric motor with is loaded with a thermal fuse 11 mounted on its winding (not shown), which ensures that the motor is switched off in case of accident, for example, solid objects falling into the loading hopper 2, or in an emergency situation, while the chopper 3 is mounted on the base 1 at an angle of 85 ± 4 ° to the base 1, and the angle slope is provided by the adjusting shims 12, since such a slope of the grinder 3 allows you to direct most of the grain down to the removable mesh 10, and the loading hopper 2 with the grain exit window is removable and fixed a protective casing 4 via the cushioning pads 13.

A device for crushing grain works as follows. The crushed material, for example grain, through the loading hopper 2 under its own weight through the holes in the loading hopper 2 and through the holes in the base 1 enters the crushing chamber 8 formed by the base 1, the shell 9 and the removable mesh 10, in which the crushed material collides with the working the blade 7 of the plate 6 mounted on the shaft 5, while the plate 6 is mounted by sharpening to a removable mesh 10 at a distance of 15 ± 2 mm from the base 1, impacting several times with the sharpened blade 7 of the plate 6, ground at an angle of 25 ± 50, The material is crushed into the necessary fraction, the particle sizes of which are determined by the size of the mesh of the removable mesh 10, while when striking the grain with an inclined sharpened plate 6, unlike an unsharpened horizontal plate, less kinetic energy is required to separate the grain into parts, which reduces local overheating of particles in the zone contact with the plate 6, which affects the quality of the prepared animal feed. Also, the sharp plate 6 cuts the grain into fewer parts and transfers less energy from the impact to them, which reduces the speed of rebound from the plate 6 and reduces the likelihood of re-entering the cutting zone, significantly reducing the formation of a very fine fraction and flour, a large amount of which leads to a decrease feed quality. The inclined plate 6 allows you to direct a significant number of fragments of crushed grain in the direction of the removable mesh 10, and then in the receiving tank (not shown) to collect crushed grain, while a flat horizontal not sharpened plate used as a knife for crushing breaks the grain into a larger number particles and transfers to them a much larger amount of impact energy, and, accordingly, the speed of rebound from the plate, which leads to the multiple return of grain particles to the crushing zone. This leads to the formation of large quantities of flour, which is undesirable. Plate 6 with a sharpening directed towards the mesh 10, at high speeds of 8000-12000 rpm, is a fan that allows you to create a directed air flow and allows you to create a vacuum in the grain loading zone into the crushing chamber 8 and support in the mesh zone 10 (unloading zone chamber 8), which allows to increase the speed of passage of raw materials (grain) through the cutting zone. All of the above allows increasing the productivity of grain grinding machines by 30% ... 50%, as well as improving the quality of the produced animal feed, taking into account the fact that the location of the plate 6 relative to the base 1 affects the productivity and, accordingly, the energy consumed, resizing 15 ± 2 mm is achieved by installing the grinder 3 (electric motor) at an angle of 85 ± 4 ° to the base 1. In case solid objects get together with the crushed material that can cause the plate 6 to stop, the investigator but, jamming of the rotor of the electric motor installed on the motor winding, the thermal fuse 11, when the permissible temperature of the winding is exceeded, opens the electric circuit and the electric motor is de-energized, ignition is excluded, and the possibility of replacing the removable grid 10 with various cells makes it possible to obtain crushed material of specified sizes.

As a result of numerous experimental studies, it was found that, depending on the material to be ground and the fractions obtained, the tilt angles of the electric motor relative to the base are 1 85 ± 4 °, which is provided in the device by adjusting shims 12, and the gap Δ 10-20 is the most optimal, which is achieved by means of adjusting washers (not shown) installed between the end of the output shaft 5 of the electric motor and the plate 6.

The loading hopper 2 with a window mounted on the protective cover 4 through the shock absorbing pads 13 is removed, for example, during cleaning or transportation.

The invention in comparison with the prototype and other known technical solutions has the following advantages:

- reduction of material consumption;

- improvement of consumer properties;

- the possibility of grinding grain of various fractions;

- increase the level of security;

- increase productivity by 30-50%;

- reduction of electricity consumption.

Claims (1)

A device for crushing grain, containing a base, a hopper with a window for the exit of grain, a chopper with a protective casing, the latter being installed on the base, and the chopper is made in the form of an electric motor, a plate is installed on its shaft, a sieve, characterized in that the electric motor is equipped with a thermal fuse, mounted on its winding, and the chopper is installed on the base at an angle of 85 ± 4 ° to the base, while the hopper is removable and mounted on the protective casing through shock absorbing pads and the working blades of the plate are sharpened at an angle of 25 ± 5 °, the sieve is made in the form of a removable mesh, while the base, shell and removable mesh form a crushing chamber, in which there is a plate with working blades mounted on the motor shaft.

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