RU2340383C1 - Device for dispergation and extraction of fruit raw material - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: proposed device incorporates cylindrical casing, funnel to load raw material to be dispersed and extragent and extract discharge branch pipe. A rotary-pulsation device is fitted on the motor shaft and ultrasonic radiators are arranged on the guide cone side surface at an angle of 120°. The casing is furnished with a thermostatting shell.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of extraction provided for by increase in specific surface of interaction and reduced diffusion interface, intensified processes.

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Description

The invention relates to equipment for dispersion and extraction in a solid-liquid system and can be used in food, pharmaceutical and related industries to extract biologically active substances from fruit and vegetable raw materials.

A device for separating pectin from fruit squeezes [1], comprising a vertical cylindrical body with a double conical bottom, in which a drive shaft with a stirrer, a meal unloading unit, a raw material and extractant supply unit is known. On the side surface of the casing there are ring magnetostrictive converters connected to a high-frequency current source.

The disadvantages of this device are the technological complexity of manufacturing magnetostrictive converters, as well as the complexity of their maintenance. The lateral surface area of the transducers from which the radiation is produced is small, which leads to the incomplete use of the possibility of ultrasound for extraction, and a low efficiency of its use, since the use of magnetostrictive converters, large in size, is impractical due to the large power consumption. Another significant disadvantage of the apparatus is the absence of cavitation in it and the need for preliminary grinding of the extracted raw materials.

The closest to the new device in terms of features is the known device - an extractor for plant materials [2], in the housing of which there is a stirrer with a bubbler equipped with supersonic nozzles, and a hollow filter element. In the field of centrifugal forces, the extraction mixture is mixed and the miscella is tangentially filtered, which, passing through the filter, enters a heated collector, in which the extractant boils, separating from the extract, and is fed into a bubbler. At nozzles, extractant vapors reach supersonic speed and enter adiabatic expansion with adiabatic expansion. At the exit from the nozzles, the steam flow is disrupted, accompanied by the formation and collapse of cavitation cavities.

The disadvantage of this device, adopted as a prototype, is the high energy consumption due to the maintenance of high temperatures in a heated collector in order to extract the extractant from the obtained extract. As a result of a long stay of labile biological substances at high temperature in the heating zone, they decompose. Also, one of the negative factors affecting the intensification of the process is that the ultrasonic wave does not propagate throughout the volume due to insufficient mixing.

The objective of the invention is a more effective effect on the extracted raw materials, as a result of increasing the yield of extractives, preserving their biological value.

The technical result is achieved in that the effect created by the rotor-pulsation device mounted on the motor shaft is supplemented by the action on the extracted raw materials of three ultrasonic emitters mounted on the side surface of the guide cone. As a result of a more effective effect on the extracted raw materials, the friction coefficient decreases in the liquid-cone section, a large number of cavitation cavities are formed in the boundary layer, which leads to an increase in the flow velocity, thereby increasing the yield of extractive substances. Also, to create the necessary conditions for the extraction process, a thermostatic shirt is provided in the apparatus.

Figure 1 shows the apparatus for dispersing and extracting fruit and vegetable and vegetable raw materials; figure 2 section aa.

The apparatus consists of a vertical cylindrical body 1 with a thermostatic jacket 2, having nozzles for supply 3 and outlet 4 coolant.

In the upper part of the apparatus there is a lid 5 with a funnel 6 installed on it, designed to load extractable raw materials and extractant. An extract branch pipe 7 is provided in the lower part of the housing 1. For convenient removal of residual extract, a manual rotary device 8 is mounted on the side surface of the housing 1. In the lower part of the apparatus, the electric motor 9 is connected to the housing 1 by means of flanges. A movable rotor 10 with knives 11 is mounted on the motor shaft. The stator 12 is stationary. There are channels on the stator 12 and rotor 10. On the side surface of the guide cone 13, ultrasonic emitters 14 are installed at an angle of 120 °. This whole structure is mounted on a welded frame 15.

When the apparatus is operating, the extracted raw material and extractant are supplied inside through a funnel 6. Then, the electric motor 9 and ultrasonic emitters 14 are turned on. The rotation is transmitted from the electric motor 9 to the rotor 10. Before the extracted raw material enters the stator channels, it is subjected to rough preliminary grinding with tooth-shaped knives 11. Then when combining the channels of the rotor 10 and stator 12, the extraction mixture reaches supersonic speed and expands adiabatically. At the exit from them, a turbulent disruption of the steam flow occurs, accompanied by the formation and collapse of cavitation cavities. As a result, pressure fluctuations of ultrasonic frequencies are generated in the extraction mixture, under the influence of which the cell membranes of plant materials are destroyed, which leads to preliminary grinding, a multiple increase in the phase contact surface and a decrease in the diffusion resistance of plant materials. For a more effective impact, the extracted raw material is subjected to additional processing by emitters, exciting ultrasonic vibrations. Also, one of the main factors of the process efficiency is maintaining a constant process temperature by supplying a coolant with the required temperature to the thermostat jacket 2. All this helps to intensify the extraction process. After extraction, the obtained extract is drained through pipe 7.

Thus, the present invention allows to intensify and increase the depth of extraction of plant materials due to a more effective effect on its cellular structure. As a result, the yield of extractive substances with preserved biological value is increased.

Information sources

1. Pat. 2063148 Russian Federation, IPC ⁷ В01D 11/02 Device for the isolation of pectin from fruit and berry marc / Lomachinsky V.A., Kvasenkov O.I., Pento V.B., Kasyanov G.I .; declared 12/28/93; publ. 07/10/96 Bull. No. 17/2000.

2. Pat. 2127752 Russian Federation, IPC ⁷ 6 С11В 1/10 Extractor for plant materials / Lomachinsky V.A., Kvasenkov O.I .; declared 10/13/1997; publ. 03/20/1999 Bull. No. 31/2001.

Claims (1)

A device for dispersing and extracting fruit and vegetable raw materials containing a cylindrical body, a funnel for loading the extracted raw materials and extractant, an extract pipe, characterized in that a rotary pulsation device is installed on the electric motor shaft, and at an angle of 120 on the side surface of the guide cone ° mounted ultrasonic emitters, also the body is equipped with a thermostatic jacket.

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