RU2340082C1 - Key cascode dc voltage multiplier high-voltage kcdcvmhv - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: DC voltage multiplier KCDCVMHV can be applied as time-based high-voltage source with low output resistance, high pulse power and managed multiplication factor. Progressive wave multiplication section switching enables to apply components intended only for initial voltage. Output voltage can exceed the initial one in tens and hundreds times. Upper limit of output voltage can reach tens kilovolt. Principle of operation is parallel charge of reservoir capacitors, series switching-in synchronously with control signal. Multiplication factor varies by driving pulse duration and outside change of initial voltage. Manufacturable, space-saving, easy- adaptable, multipurpose, time-based, flexible, powerful voltage multiplication module is invented.

EFFECT: overcoming of high-voltage key capacitor multiplier dependence on component parameters.

1 dwg

Description

The key cascode high-voltage DC voltage multiplier KKUNPTVV relates mainly to ELECTRONICS and is designed to solve the problems of obtaining an adjustable and synchronized high-voltage pulse of a wide range of potentials and power, for one control pulse, without using inductance. The multiplier will also find application in other areas of technology, namely:

AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING - capacitor starter systems, engine ignition systems with radically better performance than those based on Tesla transformers, etc.,

AVIATION - a power source for jet engines of aircraft, ignition systems, signal lighting, etc.,

MILITARY equipment - electrodischarge weapons, electrodischarge systems for combat security of objects, military stun guns, etc.,

FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS - power supply units of optical pumping systems of solid-state lasers, pulse generation systems of very high electrical power, etc.,

MACHINERY - power supply units for EDM machines, EDM markers, ignition systems for flame heaters, spot welding machines, etc.,

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING - replacement of mechanical umformers, ignition system for fluorescent devices, electrical insulation and equipment testing instruments, control of switching equipment, etc.,

ELECTROACOUSTICS - a solution to the problem of controlling electrostatic and ionic sound emitters, etc.,

HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES - ionizers and air purifiers, etc.

The prototype of the invention is a DC voltage multiplier according to patent No. 2295822 "UNPT VOROBYEVA". The application from the prototype differs in that:

- The resistors for limiting the charge current of the storage capacitors (in the prototype R6, R6.1, ... R6.n) are outside the control unit for switching the keys of the multiplication section (resistors R5, R5.1, ... R5.n in the application).

- There are no resistors for balancing the equality of voltage across the sections in the mode of sequential switching on of storage capacitors (in the prototype R4, R4.1 ... R4.n).

- The charging diodes of the storage capacitors (in the prototype VD7, VD7.1 ... VD7.n) are replaced by zener diodes (in the application VD4.1, VD4.2, VD4.n), which also perform the function of limiting and balancing the voltage on the sections, as well as protection against voltage polarity reversal in sections during short circuits in the load.

- In the application, the power supply to the control circuit of the switch key of the switching sections (according to the VT2 scheme) is produced from a separate source consisting of VD6 and C2, while in the prototype the power supply to the control circuit of the switching key of the switching sections (VT2 in the prototype) is supplied from the storage capacitor (C2 in the prototype) .

- The power supply circuits of the control keys of the series connection of the storage capacitors (in the application VT4, VT4.1, ... VT4.n) are produced from separate voltage sources made on VD7 + C4, VD7.1 + C4.1 ... VD7.n + C4.n, whereas in the prototype the power is supplied from storage capacitors (C3 + R5, C3.1 + R5.1, ... C3.n + R5.n).

- Changed the key switching control scheme in the multiplication sections.

Positive effect:

- The operation of the circuit has become more stable and balanced due to a new solution in the section control circuit.

- Reduced power consumption in standby mode (parallel connection), which simplifies the possibility of micromodular design of the multiplier.

- The number of circuit elements has been reduced while maintaining the basic parameters of the multiplier.

- The use of internal power supplies for switching circuits of sections allowed isolating the power circuit of the serial switch from storage capacitors. This eliminates the violation of the controllability of the multiplication section during power surges on capacitors or polarity reversal in emergency conditions.

- There was an opportunity to more democratically allow the dispersion of the parameters of the components.

Constructive construction of KKUNPTVV

The constant voltage multiplier KKUNPTVV implements the principle of pre-charging capacitors in parallel and the subsequent connection of charged capacitors to a serial circuit by a control signal. In this case, a sequential-wave method of switching multiplication sections is used. The number of sections of the multiplication can be any - that is, equal to "N". Scheme KKUNPTVV shown in the drawing.

The multiplier consists of the following stages (see drawing):

A cut-off cascade made on a transistor VT1 of a MOSFET or MOOLFET structure, a capacitor C1, a diode VD2, a zener diode VD1, an optocoupler U1 and a resistor R1. It performs the function of disconnecting the initial voltage source from the load during operation on the arrester and prevents the occurrence of an electric arc.

The key to control the state of the sections of the multiplier, made on the transistor VT2 structure MOSFET or MOOLFET, capacitor C2, diode VD6, zener diode VD3, optocoupler U2 and resistor R2.

The intermediate section of the multiplication is performed on transistors VT3 and VT4 of the MOSFET or MOOLFET structure, zener diodes VD4.1 (VD4.2, VD4.3 ... VD4.n), VD8 (VD8.1, ... VD8.n), VD9 (VD9.1, VD9.2 ... VD9.n), diodes VD7 (VD7.1, VD7.2, ... VD7.n), VD10 (VD10.1, ... VD10.n), capacitors C4 (C4.1, C4.2, ... C4.n) and C5 (C5.1, C5.2, ... C5.n), resistors R3 (R3.1, R3.2, ... R3.n), R4 (R4.1, R4.2, ... R4.n), R6.1 (R5.2, R5.3, ... R5.n).

The final section of the multiplication is performed (for the specifically presented circuit) on the transistor VT4.2, diode VD7.2, zener diodes VD4.3, VD9.2, capacitors C4.2, C5.2 and resistors R3.2, R4.2, R5 .3. It is a truncated copy of the intermediate section of the multiplication and does not differ in the principle of operation. Only the parallel switch key with its protective zener diode for the next section is missing. Since the number of multiplication sections can be any, in the general sense, all elements of the terminal multiplication section can be perceived with the extension n. That is, VT4.n, VD4.n ... etc.

The auxiliary set is made on the diode VD4, the zener diode VD5, the capacitor C3 and the resistor R5.

Work multiplier KKUNPTVV

The scheme of the KKUNPTVV multiplier is shown in the drawing.

The operation of the multiplier takes place as a switching from a parallel charge of storage capacitors to a series connection of already charged capacitors. Switching occurs by an external control signal supplied to the + IN input, in the form of a current pulse.

Phase of parallel activation of storage capacitors. This is the initial state of the multiplier. The following happens in the circuit:

There is no control current at input + IN. The source supply voltage is connected to the + U and -U terminals. The optocoupler transistors U1 and U2 are closed. Through the diode VD2, capacitor C1 is charged, which feeds the control circuit of the cut-off stage. The current flowing along the circuit: plus C1, resistor R1, zener diode VD1, minus C1, forms the opening voltage at the gate of the key transistor and transistor VT1 opens, the minus of the original supply voltage is connected to the minus of the multiplier. The initial voltage is applied. A capacitor C3 is charged through a diode VD4, a resistor R5, and then a capacitor C2 is charged through a diode VD6. The current flowing along the circuit: plus C2, resistor R2, Zener diode VD3, minus C2, generates an opening voltage on the key transistor VT2 and the transistor opens. The key to control the multiplication sections VT2 starts the series-wave switching of the multiplication sections - to a parallel charge.

Capacitor C5 is charged by the circuit: + U, diode VD4, Zener diode VD4.1 in the “diode” version, resistor R5.1, plus C5, minus C5, Zener diode VD9 in the “diode” version, Zener diode VD8 in the “Zener diode” version, stock VT2, -U. In this case, the open "diode" VD9 shorts the gate of the transistor VT4 to the source of VT4 and additionally backs it up with its voltage drop. Transistor VT4 is securely closed. The charge current flows through VD8 in the Zener diode version and generates a trigger voltage on the source electrodes - the gate of the VT3 transistor. The transistor VT3 opens, and through the open source-drain transition, as well as the VD10 diode in direct connection, it connects “-U pit” to the next section of the multiplier. Then begins the charge of C5.1 along the circuit: + U, VD4, VD4.1, R5.2 and then VD9.1 (as a diode), V8.1 (as a zener diode), open VD10, open VT3, VT2, -U. At the same time, VT4.1 is reliably closed, and VT3.1 opens with voltage on the zener diode VD8.1. This creates a charge circuit for the next section of the multiplication (according to the scheme, this is C5.2). The last multiplier capacitor is charged along the circuit: + U, open diode VD4, zener diodes VD4.1, VD4.2, VD4.3 (as a diode), resistor R5.3, plus capacitor C5.2, minus C5.2, zener diode VD9 .2 (as a diode), open diode VD10.1, drain - source VT3.1, open VD10, drain - source VT3, drain - source VT2, - U. At the same time, VT4.2 is reliably closed. At the same time, there is a charge of the capacitors of the internal power sources in each section of the multiplication. Capacitor C4 is charged through the circuit: + U, VD4, R5, R3, VD7, plus C4, minus C4, VD9 (as a diode), VD8 (as a zener diode), the drain is the source of VT2, -U. The capacitor C4.1 is charged through the circuit: + U, VD4, VD4.1, R5.1, R3.1, VD7.1, plus C4.1, minus C4.1, VD9.1 (as a diode), VD8.1 (as a zener diode), VD10, drain - source of VT3, drain-source of VT2, -U. Capacitor C4.2 is charged through the circuit: + U, VD4, VD4.1, VD4.2, R5.2, R3.2, VD7.2, plus C4.2, minus C4.2, Zener diode VD9.2 (as a diode ), VD10.1, drain - source VT3.1, VD10, drain - source VT3, drain - source VT2, -U. The multiplier is in the "parallel connection of capacitors" state. All capacitors are charged. The multiplier is ready for the formation of a high voltage pulse in synchronization with the control signal. When the capacitors are charged, the sections remain connected in parallel due to the natural leakage of capacitors and series transistors. Microcurrents through zener diodes are stabilized by negative feedback of series-connected transistors.

The aging of capacitors and the increase in transistor leakage during heating only stabilize the state of parallel connection.

The turn-on delay of the transistors (Miller effect) of the parallel connection contributes to the series-wave switching, which facilitates the current load on the key transistor (in VT2 circuit).

The voltage multiplication phase.

The multiplier is in the "parallel connection of capacitors" position. A current pulse is applied to the control input + IN. The optocoupler transistors U2 and U1 open, and the transistors VT1 and VT2 are closed, since their gates are short-circuited with their sources. The circuit for transistors VT3, VT3.1 breaks. The process of switching all sections of the multiplier multiplier to the position "series connection of capacitors" begins. The internal power supplies of the multiplication sections open the VT4, VT4.1, VT4.2 series-connected transistors and close (optionally) the VT3, VT3.1 parallel-connected transistors. Capacitor C4 (internal source of power of the first section) is discharged in a circuit: plus C4, resistor R4 (hundreds of kilo-ohms), Zener diode VD8 (as a diode), Zener diode VD9 (as a zener diode), minus C4. On the zener diode VD9, the gate opening voltage is formed - the source of the transistor VT4 and it opens. Similarly and simultaneously, transistors VT4.1 (from the source C4.1), VT4.2 (from the source C4.2) open. Capacitors C3, C5, C5.1, C5.2 are connected in series through open transistors and give the generated high-voltage pulse to the load. In this case, the output pulse current is limited by resistors R3, R3.1, R3.2, the resistance of which is selected from the calculation of the maximum pulse current of the transistors in series VT4, VT4.1, VT4.2 (units - tens of ohms). Closed transistors of parallel connection VT2, VT3, VT3.1 are not overloaded with voltage, because they are balanced by capacitors and zener diodes: VT2 is balanced by C3 and VD5, VT3 is balanced by C5 and VD4.1, VT3.1, respectively, C5.1 and VD4.2. Diodes VD10, VD10.1 protect transistors of parallel connection from reverse polarity during high-voltage discharge into the load due to the difference in the switching time of transistors in series connection. The multiplier generates a voltage equal to Uin multiplied by n at the output terminals, where n is the number of storage capacitors or the number of multiplication sections + Uin.

With a large number of sections, on the order of tens, the multiplication coefficient approaches the number of sections, since U on C3 is spent on semiconductor junctions of the circuit.

Since transistors of series connection are of the same type, the difference in turn-on time is minimal, but still exists. The redistribution of potentials is equalized due to the Zener diodes VD5, VD4.1, VD4.2, VD4.3 and resistors R5, R5.1, R5.2, R5.3.

Recommendations

1. It is highly desirable to use ceramic as storage capacitors.

2. It is advisable to use current stabilizers as R4 ... R4.n.

3. The best source of initial voltage is a linearly increasing voltage source. In this case, the resistors R5 ... R5.n can be excluded from the circuit or their value can be minimized. Parallel transistors can be applied to a small drain-source current. It is much easier to make multiplication sections in the form of microcircuits. The efficiency of the multiplier will approach maximum. Simplified control of the output voltage level by changing the input voltage by electronic methods.

4. Preferred mode of operation - the parallel mode is constantly on, and at the right moment the generation of a high-voltage pulse and again the parallel mode as standby.

Practice

The prototype version was made with a multiplication factor n = 27, with an input voltage of 350 V. The amplitude of the output pulse reached 9000 V. The maximum current through the arrester reached 10 A. All transistors had a maximum drain-source voltage of 400 V. Due to the low output resistance of the multiplier and the long-term existence of a high-voltage voltage (depends on the parameters of the section's internal power sources), the discharge on the spark plug did not depend on its state. New candles were tested, old ones slagged, soaked in water, and also with a broken off side electrode. A steady powerful discharge was observed. The tests were carried out at atmospheric pressure.

Claims (1)

A key cascode DC voltage multiplier high-voltage KKUNPTVV, which implements the principle of parallel charging of capacitors, followed by series-wave inclusion of charged capacitors in series connection using transistors of the MOSFET, MOOLFET structure, and is composed of a control section, which includes a control key on the transistor VT2, a key disconnecting the initial voltage at the transistor VT1, limiting zener diodes VD1 and VD3, bias resistors R1 and R2, external control optocouplers U1 and U2, capacitor The bias circuit power supply C1, C2, cut-off diodes VD2, VD6, storage capacitor C3, resistor R5, charging diode V04, source voltage terminals + U, -U, and the source of the transistor VT2, the drain of the transistor VT1, the anode of the zener diode VD3, the emitter of the optocoupler transistor U2, minus the capacitor C2, minus the capacitor C3, the anode of the Zener diode VD5 are connected at one point to the terminal zero, and the plus of the capacitor C2 is connected to the bias resistor R2 and the cathode of the diode VD6 at one point, while the anode of the diode VD6 is connected to the plus of the capacitor C3 , resistors R3, R5 at one point, and the second end of the rubber the stator R2 is connected to the gate of the key on the transistor VT2, the cathode of the zener diode VD3 and the collector of the transistor of the optocoupler U2 at one point, while the cathode of the diode VD2 is connected to the plus of the capacitor C1 and one end of the resistor R1 at one point, and the anode VD2 is connected to the anode VD4 and the terminal + Uin, while the second end of the resistor R1 is connected to the key gate of the transistor VT1, the cathode of the zener diode VD1 and the collector of the transistor of the optocoupler U1 at one point, and the emitter of the transistor of the optocoupler U1 is connected to the anode of the zener diode VD1, the source of the transistor VT1, the minus of the capacitor C1 and the terminal -U and cx at one point, while the optocoupler LEDs U1 and U2 are connected in series to the external control circuit of the multiplier, and the multiplier consists of a set of cascode-connected multiplication sections, and the number of multiplication sections in the multiplier can be N, and the first multiplication section consists of a key on the transistor VT3, a key on the transistor VT4, restrictive switching zener diodes VD8 and VD9, a charge current limiting resistor R5.1, a discharge current limiting resistor R3, a switching resistor R4, a diode VD7, a storage capacitor C5, a capacitor internal power supply C4 and charging zener diode VD4.1, the second end of the resistor R3 connected to the drain of the transistor VT4 and the anode of the diode VD7 at one point, and the cathode of the diode VD7 connected to the plus of the capacitor C4 and one end of the resistor R4 at one point, while the second end R4 is connected to the drain VT2, source VT3 and the anode of the zener diode VD8 at one point, and the cathode VD8 is connected to the cathode of the zener diode VD9, the gate of transistor VT3 and to the gate of transistor VT4 at one point, while the anode VD9 is connected to minus C4, the source of transistor VT4 and minus the storage capacitor C5 at one point, and plus C5 connected to resistors R5.1 and R3.1 at one point, while the second end of resistor R5.1 is connected to the anode of the charging zener diode VD4.2 and the cathode of the charging zener diode VD4.1 at one point, then how the anode VD4.1 is connected to the cathode of the diode VD4 by the cathode of the zener diode VD5 and the second end of the resistor R5 at one point, and the second end of the limiting resistor R3.1 of the second section of the multiplication is connected to the drain of the transistor VT4.1 and the anode of the diode VD7.1 at one point, while the cathode of the diode VD7.1 is connected to the plus of the capacitor C4.1 and one end of the resistor R4.1 in one point, and the second end of R4.1 is connected to the source of VT3.1 by the anode of the diode VD10 and the anode of the zener diode VD8.1 at one point, while the cathode VD8.1 is connected to the cathode of the zener diode VD9.1, the gate of the transistor VT3.1 and with the gate transistor VT4.1 at one point, and the anode VD9.1 is connected to minus C4.1, the source of transistor VT4.1 and minus the storage capacitor C5.1 at one point, while plus C5.1 is connected to resistors R5.2 and R3 .2 at one point, and the second end of the resistor R5.2 is connected to the anode of the charging zener diode VD4.3 and the cathode of the charging zener diode VD4.2 at one point, while the cathode d the ode VD10 is connected to the drain of the transistor VT3, and the second end of the limiting resistor R3.2 of the end section of the multiplication is connected to the drain of the transistor VT4.2 and the anode of the diode VD7.2 at one point, while the cathode of the diode VD7.2 is connected to the plus of the capacitor C4.2 and one end of the resistor R4.2 at one point, and the second end of R4.2 is connected to the gate VT4.2, the anode of the diode VD10.1 and the cathode of the zener diode VD9.2 at one point, while the anode VD9.2 is connected to minus C4. 2, the source of the transistor VT4.2 and the minus of the storage capacitor C5.2, at one point, and the plus C5.2 is connected to the resistor R5.3 and output one terminal of the multiplier + U * N at one point, while the second end of the resistor R5.3 is connected to the cathode of the charging zener diode VD4.3, and the cathode of the diode VD10.1 is connected to the drain of the transistor VT3.1, and the terminals + IN and “zero” multipliers are the control inputs, terminals + U, -U of the source voltage connection, and terminals + U * N and zero of the multiplier -U * N are output.