RU2339014C2 - Method of dynamic balancing of vibratory driven machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: vibrations are possible only by changing reaction with processed material. Method of dynamic balancing of vibratory driven machine implying that working body of device is sectioned; torsional vibrators are dead in line, and perturbation strengths acts at each part in opposite sides. Device, rotary drive and the operator are not affected by vibrating at uniformity and isotropy of processed material. Increase in intensity of vibration effect on processed material is possible and limited to assembly and component durability. Vibration effort force is directed in parallel to processed material surface, e.g. at surface consolidation by roller. Critical frictional force effect is eliminated within friction cone area perpendicularly to vibration effort in prototype device.

EFFECT: decreased power consumption and improvement of processing quality.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of vibration surface treatment in mechanical engineering (for example, grinding), agriculture (for example, a threshing machine of a grain combine), in particular, compaction of the subgrade at construction sites.

There is a method of dynamically balancing a pulse rotator (IW) by using the automatic exit to the minimum effort mode on a working tool (Authors. St. USSR No. 1368705 A1, G01N 3/00 // E21C 39/00, 01/23/08. Bull. No. 3; Autobahn of the USSR No. 1509667 A1, G01N 3/40, 09/23/39. Bull. No. 35); closing a component of the excitation force on a fixed body (ed. St. USSR No. 339474, B65C 33/38, 05/24/1972, Bull. No. 17), adding a disturbing force perpendicular to the axis of rotation (ed. St. USSR No. 1458178 A1, V24V 23 / 04, 02.15.89, Bulletin. №6), as well as the use of directional vibroexcitation multipanel seal (Brochure, "Boschung", multipanel seal. Marcel Boschung AG, 3185, Switzerland Shmittel / F _p tel. 037360101. Fax 037- 363359).

The closest dynamic balancing method chosen for the prototype is a multi-panel seal (Brochure, "Boschung", multi-panel seal. Marcel Boschung AG, 3185-Switzerland), where vibration damping is achieved by using three panels, the shafts of vibration exciters which are connected by cardan shafts with a given installation angle of eccentrically located masses.

The disadvantage of this method is the need to maintain on one straight position of the axis of rotation of the causative agents of vibrations for the greatest damping of vibrations when combining three sinusoids of a disturbing force. An independent change in the position of the axis of rotation of oscillation pathogens causes a displacement of the sinusoids and additional disturbances due to a change in the angle of inclination of the towing device. In devices of this type of displacement of the axis of rotation of the causative agents of oscillations, structures are provided to provide vibration effects on the surface to be treated.

The constituent force of influence on the transporting means depends on the cosine of the angle of inclination and varies both on the magnitude of the perturbation and on the position of the axis of rotation of the exciters.

The technical result achieved in the implementation process of the invention is to reduce energy intensity and improve the quality of processing by eliminating the dynamic influence of a disturbing force on the device case with uniformity and isotropy of the processed material. Fluctuations are possible only from a change in the interaction with the processed material.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that torsional vibrations of the parts of the working body are carried out on one common axis, while the central part of the working body is affected by a disturbing force equal in modulus to the two forces of the extreme parts, is symmetrically located, acts simultaneously and is opposite in direction.

In the method of dynamically balancing the working body of machines, pulse rotators are used, in which the causative agents of torsional vibrations have a common axis of rotation and are located in parts of the working body in such a way that the main vector and the main moment of inertia forces with respect to the device body are zero. The perturbing forces are equal and oppositely directed in the parts of the working body in projections on any axis.

The action diagram of the forces is shown in the drawing on the example of a compacting roller having three parts on one shaft 1, connected by elastic elements 2. The causative agents of torsional vibrations are installed on each part. The main vector of the pairs of forces is zero. The main moment consists of the moments of the three parts of the rink. The extreme parts 3 and 5 and the central part 9 have causative agents of torsional vibrations, for example, of the planetary type.

The eccentrically located masses 4 and 6, 14 and 15 on the satellites 7 and 8, 16 and 17 create a torque in one direction, which is equal to zero relative to the Z axis at any time. The torque relative to the y axis is balanced by the torsional vibration exciters located in the central part 9. The position of the satellites 10 and 11 relative to the y axis is consistent with the position of the satellites in the extreme parts, and the eccentrically located masses 12 and 13 are on the opposite side from the axis of rotation of the satellites. Thus, the moment of the causative agents of the oscillations is balanced with respect to the y axis.

The sum of the moments of the causative agents of torsional vibrations with respect to the x axis is always zero, because the sum of the projections of the forces of each disturbance pair on the yoz plane is zero. Thus, the main moment of the causative agents of torsional vibrations relative to the body of the device is always equal to zero. The axis of rotation of the packing roller, axle bearings and housing are protected against vibrations.

The claimed method differs from the prototype in that the vibrational effects are directed to opposite sides of the central and extreme parts, are coordinated by the location of the perturbation forces in each part when they act on a common axis of rotation. In any position, the sum of the moments of disturbing forces and the impact on the device’s body is zero, the energy of the dynamic impact is completely transmitted to the processed material through each part of the device in the direction of relative rotation, which increases productivity and allows the intensification of vibration without harmful effects on the other nodes of the device and on the operator. The satellites of the central and extreme parts of the sealing roller, for example, are kinematically connected with the shaft, the relative position of the satellites provides balancing of disturbing moments and eliminates the impact on the device body. The sinusoidal perturbation is in antiphase, and the graph of the resultant perturbation of all torsional vibration pathogens represents a straight line coinciding with the coordinate axis.

Dynamic balancing of the device by the proposed method is carried out as follows on the example of the causative agent of oscillations of the planetary type. At the assembly stage, an elastic connection is provided between the three parts 3, 5 and 9, allowing their relative rotation of the device. The positions of the axes of rotation of the satellites of the extreme parts 7 and 8 of the masses 4 and 6 eccentrically located on them provide at each instant of time equal and oppositely directed forces of vibration action on the material being processed. The moment of rotation forces of the extreme parts is balanced by the opposite moment of force from the eccentrically located (at an angle of 180 ° relative to the extreme parts) masses of 10 satellites 11. The momentum of the rotational moment of the inertia forces of the vibration exciters is transmitted to the processed material due to friction forces (which is ineffective) or embedded in the material element of the roller (tooth, rib, etc.). The design of the causative agents of torsional vibrations ensures the transmission of the disturbing force tangentially to the path of the roller and the surface being machined in parallel. It should be noted that this direction of the disturbing force excludes the influence of the friction cone under pressure on the surface, reduces the energy consumption for the relative movement of the particles of the material being compacted, and increases the volume of the seal due to the mobility of the particles. The sealing layer acquires the property of pseudo-fluid.

The effectiveness of the method of dynamic balancing of the working body of machines is due to three fundamentally new features of the pulse rotator.

1. The torque on the shaft of the vibrodrive does not change its value from the causative agents of torsional vibrations due to the symmetrical arrangement of the debalances of the disturbing forces in any of their positions.

2. The vibration effect on the processed material is balanced by the opposite direction of the disturbing forces of the extreme and central parts and is not transmitted to the device and the operator.

3. The direction of the disturbing force parallel to the surface of the seal reduces energy consumption per unit of material to be sealed.

Using the proposed method allows to increase the disturbing force to significant values and to increase the productivity and efficiency of the working process without changing the effect of vibration on the mechanisms and operator.

Claims (1)

A method of dynamically balancing the working body of a vibro-driven machine, which consists in the action of movably connected parts - device panels - on the material being processed, characterized in that the three parts are connected to each other by means of elastic elements, torsional vibrations of the parts of the working body are carried out on one common axis, this on each part set the masses located on the satellites, such that the central part of the working body acts symmetrically with respect to the two forces of the extreme parts a scaling force equal in magnitude to them and opposite in direction.