RU2338374C1 - Squid fishery method and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method implies concentrating the fishery targets simultaneously by light and sound; sound signals are sonar signals imitating signals of physostomous fish (pilchards, anchovies, smelts etc.) on which squids are feeding. Additionally squid visual and auditory receptors are affected by generating moving air bubbles and moving bionoise field imitating horizontal and vertical moving of fish signals in the centreline plane under the ship hull. Additionally a bubble screen is produced under the ship hull to absorb partially energy of hydroacoustic signals generated by the ship hull. Device for the method implementation comprises compressed air source with control unit at the outlet, pneumatic fish signal emitters sequentially connected by flexible pipes, return valves and receivers with the volume exceeding the previous one. The receivers are fitted with flexible cases and made of elastic material; each receiver is equipped with a sinker with the weight exceeding the previous one. Compressed air source with control unit are placed on the ship and pneumatic fish signal emitters are placed under the ship hull in the centreline plane.

EFFECT: increasing efficiency of squid attracting and concentrating process and enhancing searching-trophic activity of squids during fishing.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of hydroacoustics and can be used in the fishing industry to intensify squid fishing.

Squids are caught by almost all known fishing gear: fixed and net seines, fixed and drifting nets, trawls, snurrevody, purse seines, airborne traps and pickups, longlines, fish pumps, etc. Almost all methods of squid fishing are based on attracting squid to artificial light sources the subsequent fishing of accumulations by one or another fishing gear.

A known method of fishing squid vertical jigger tiers to the light. The known method includes setting, with the arrival of the vessel in the fishing area, a stern sail and a floating anchor, turning the vessel with its bow in the wave, concentration of the fishing object using an artificial light source (lighting garland), setting up vertical lines equipped with jiggers using squid winches carrying out automatic lowering and raising of longlines during fishing and sampling of the catch (Polutov A.I. Fishery for Pacific squid. - M.: Agropromizdat, 1985, pp. 11-15).

The main disadvantage of this method is the low fishing efficiency when calculating the catch of one fishing gear per unit of time.

The famous jigger squid fishing is carried out mainly in the dark. Moreover, the intensity of fishing during the night varies significantly. In the fishery, a situation often arises when squids attracted by the light of a vessel are in the shadow zone for a long time, not paying attention to the jigger bait. In addition, the reaction of attracting squid to artificial light depends on the ratio of the intensity of artificial and natural lighting and is significantly weakened on moonlit nights. To continue squig jig fishing on the background of intense moonlight, a significant increase in the power of lighting garlands or the use of group fishing methods is required.

Thus, using only light fields to attract squid does not provide sufficient intensity of squid fishing for jiggers for a limited period of fishing (night), which reduces the effectiveness of the known fishing method.

There are other ways to intensify squid fishing, such as trawl or wallet squid fishing using a fishing vessel. The essence of the method lies in the fact that after the formation of a dense cluster of squid under the illuminating vessel, fishing with vertical jig tiers, another vessel makes a note of a purse seine around the illuminating vessel or trawls under this vessel (Polutov A.I. Pacific Squid Fishing. - M .: Agropromizdat, 1985, p. 53-61).

These methods of fishing are quite effective, because they are not limited by the intensity of the squid's nibble on jiggers, but they have the same drawback as the previous method, since the same vessel is used to concentrate the object of fishing on the jigger. In addition, the implementation of these methods requires the constant presence of two vessels simultaneously in the fishery, which is irrational for a single vessel, especially at low density of squid accumulations.

In addition, the presence of a fishing vessel in the fishing area greatly complicates the process of trawl and wallet fishing.

The use of sound to attract and concentrate fish and marine invertebrates for fishing is widely known. Currently, there are many designs of sound-emitting devices to attract and concentrate fish and marine invertebrates in order to intensify fishing.

Known sonar device - a simulator of fish sounds for the concentration of fish in the area of action of fishing gears. The fish sound simulator consists of an electronic signal conditioning unit, a power supply and an amplifier in one housing, connected by a cable to a hydroacoustic transducer in the form of a spherical piezoceramic head, to which positive buoyancy is attached (RF patent No. 2182765, class A01K 79 / 00.2002) .

The main disadvantage of this and similar devices for controlling fish behavior is that the fish sound simulator does not allow to efficiently generate fish sounds, since it does not provide the broadband spectrum of the sounds emitted by it, which is characteristic of most biological fish signals, especially in the low-frequency region of the spectrum (below 1 kHz), corresponding to the hearing area of most commercial fish and marine invertebrates. Piezoceramic transducers are more efficiently emitted only near the resonance frequency, and low-frequency resonance can only be achieved with large dimensions of the active element of the simulator, which complicates its use in the field and, in addition, implies the high cost of such a transducer.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed method is a method (selected as a prototype method) of intensification of hook fishing of squid, based on the formation and radiation into the aquatic environment to attract the squid to the tiers of light and sound signals together. The sound signals emitted in a certain sequence or separately are hydroacoustic signals of the following content: the sound of the ship's backward sound, sounds of the yellow-tailed caudate, a series of pulses with a frequency of 600 Hz and a changing filling frequency, and the noise of rain. The known method is carried out using a hydroacoustic installation, including an emitter of electrodynamic or piezoceramic type, a tape recorder with a set of records of sound signals above, and an electric power amplifier. The emitter during fishing is lowered from the side of the vessel into the water, the tape recorder and signal amplifier are placed on the vessel (Volova L.A. Use of underwater acoustics to control the behavior of fish in coastal fishing // Overview. Industrial fishing. M. TsNIITEIRKh, 1978. Issue .2, pp. 19-21).

The use of acoustic fields allows you to enhance the effect of the attracting action of the light field and increase the efficiency of squid fishing due to the additional exposure to it by sound vibrations propagated in the water column. Therefore, the known method is quite effective, because it creates both visual and acoustic effects on squid.

However, this method also has a number of significant drawbacks, namely, the insufficient efficiency of the process of attracting and concentration of squids due to their quick adaptation to sounds, as well as the insufficient efficiency of the process of attracting and concentration of squids due to the low quality of the emitted signals.

In addition, the electrodynamic or piezoceramic sources used, when expanding the working frequency band in the low-frequency region, distort biosignals.

In addition, in the field, the range of a single sound emitter is limited by the energy characteristics of the reproduced signal. An increase in the power of emitted sounds to attract fishing objects from long distances is unacceptable, because an unnaturally strong signal can scare off squids that are already near the emitter.

In addition, there is insufficient intensity of biting of squids attracted by light and sound to jig gear due to the lack of spatial movement of the sound field.

The disadvantages of the known device that implements the specified method, due to the above-mentioned disadvantages of the method, namely:

- lack of effectiveness of the attracting action on squid sound signals of known content;

- low quality sound reproduction;

- spatial movement of sound signals is not created.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed device (prototype) is a fish sound simulator containing a source of compressed air, to the output of which is connected a control unit containing an electromagnetic valve and a time relay, as well as pneumatic emitters (PI) of fish acoustic signals connected in series by a flexible pipe, united in groups of three emitters. Each group of emitters is equipped with a limit check valve and a receiver of a fixed larger volume than in the previous group (ed. St. USSR No. 1575334, class A01K 79/00, 1990).

The disadvantage of the prototype device is the low efficiency of the squid simulator of fish sounds due to the lack of a vertical component of the movement of the sound field.

It is known that immersed and pop-up objects additionally attract squids, increase its mobility and stimulate throws on jigging gear (Sidelnikov II, Production of Pacific fish and squids into the world. M.: Light and Food Industry, 1981, p. 45-46) . Therefore, the lack of vertical movement of the sound field is a serious drawback of the known device and the reason for the low intensity of biting squid on jig gear in the process of fishing.

The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the process of attracting and concentration of squid, as well as increasing the search-trophic activity of squid in the fishing process.

To solve the problem, in the known method of squid fishing, based on the formation and emission of both light and sound signals into the aquatic environment, hydroacoustic signals are used as sound signals, which are similar in spectral-temporal and energy characteristics to the biological signals of small open-bubble fish; pneumatic emitters are used for radiation, imitating the sounds of fish and generating hydroacoustic signals under the hull from the bow to the stern, while additionally affect the squid's visual and auditory receptors by creating moving air bubbles in the diametrical plane under the hull of the ship, which are formed when the pneumatic emitters are periodically turned on, and a moving bio-noise field simulating the horizontal and vertical movement of fish biosignals, in addition, pneumatic emit whether formed by vessel hull curtain of bubbles, partially absorbing the energy of sonar signals emitted by the hull.

To implement the proposed method of fishing squid in a known device containing a source of compressed air, to the output of which is connected a control unit, pneumatic emitters of fish sounds sequentially connected by a flexible pipe, limiting check valves and receivers with a volume exceeding the volume of the previous one, the compressed air source with a control unit on the ship, and pneumatic emitters, check valves and receivers are located under the hull in its diametrical plane, and the receivers are flexible w shell and made of an elastic rubber-like material, wherein each receiver is provided with a load-uglubitelem having a weight greater than the weight of the previous volume of the receiver, respectively.

In the inventive method of fishing squid, the common essential features for him and for his prototype are:

- the formation and use of both light and sound signals for the concentration of squid in the fishing zone.

A comparative analysis of the essential features of the proposed method of fishing squid and prototype shows that the first, unlike the prototype, has the following significant distinguishing features:

- as acoustic signals use hydroacoustic biological signals of small open-bubble fish, which are the objects of nutrition of squid;

- to create radiation using pneumatic emitters of fish sounds installed under the hull from the bow to the stern;

- additionally affect the visual and auditory squid receptors by creating moving air bubbles emanating from pneumatic emitters in the diametrical plane of the vessel and creating a bio-noise field simulating horizontal and vertical movement of fish;

- additionally carry out the formation of a veil of bubbles under the ship’s hull, partially absorbing the energy of hydroacoustic signals emitted by the ship’s hull.

This set of essential distinguishing features of the claimed method allowed:

- increase the effectiveness of sound effects on squid, which leads to a reduction in time to attract, concentrate the object and, in the final result, leads to saving fishing time;

- intensify the process of fishing squid along the entire length of the vessel from the bow to the stern;

- strengthen the search and trophic activity of squid;

- reduce the deterrent effect of vessel noise on the behavior of the fishing object.

This set of common and distinctive essential features of the method provides a technical result - an increase in the intensity of squid fishing due to additional hydroacoustic effects on the squid with the possibility of increasing the search-trophic activity of the squid during fishing.

The proposed method of fishing squid is carried out using the device. Common essential features for the claimed device and its prototype are:

- a source of compressed air with a control unit at the outlet of the source of compressed air;

- pneumatic emitters-simulators of fish sounds sequentially connected by a flexible pipeline;

- check valves and receivers with a volume of each exceeding the volume of the previous one.

A comparative analysis of the essential features of the claimed device and prototype shows that the first, unlike the prototype, has the following significant distinguishing features:

- the receivers have a flexible shell and are made of elastic rubber-like material, with each receiver is additionally equipped with a cargo-deepener having a weight exceeding the weight of the previous one corresponding to the volume of the receiver;

- a source of compressed air with a control unit placed on the ship;

- simulators of fish sounds with check valves and receivers are located with the help of pulling ropes and cargo-depthers under the hull in its diametrical plane.

This set of essential distinguishing features of the claimed device allowed:

- emit hydroacoustic signals into the aquatic environment that mimic the signals of small open-bubble fish, which are the objects of squid nutrition;

- to strengthen the effect of attracting effects on squids of the light field over significant distances;

- create a hydroacoustic environment under the ship’s hull, simulating the horizontal and vertical movement of biological signals of fish, which stimulates the motor and nutritional activity of squid throughout the entire fishing period;

- carry out the classic masking of the underwater noise of the vessel under the bio-noise field, which has an attractive effect on squids.

This set of common and distinctive essential features of the device provides a technical result, namely the creation of the possibility of intensification of squid fishing by increasing the effectiveness of sound exposure and increasing the search-trophic activity of squid in the fishing process.

The set of essential features of the claimed method of fishing squid and device for its implementation have a causal relationship with the achieved technical result, i.e. thanks to this combination of essential features of the method and device, it became possible to solve the problem.

Based on the foregoing, we can conclude that the claimed method of fishing squid and a device for its implementation are new, have an inventive step, i.e. do not explicitly follow from the prior art and are suitable for industrial use.

Thus, the main feature of the proposed method and device is that for intensification of squid fishing, biologically significant sound signals emit the presence of small open-bubble fish, which are the objects of nutrition of squid and other predators, are emitted into the aquatic environment, which makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of sound effects on squids. In addition, the bio-noise field and air bubbles moving in the vertical and horizontal planes additionally attract the squid and enhance its food and motor activity, which allows the squid to be activated by vertical tiers and other fishing gears throughout the fishing period. This significantly reduces the time to attract and concentrate the object, which, in the final result, leads to a saving in fishing time and an increase in the efficiency of fishing.

The essence of the claimed method of fishing squid and a device for its implementation is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows a diagram of the use of a device for fishing squid, side view, figure 2 is the same view from the stern of the vessel.

A device for implementing the proposed method comprises a source of compressed air 1, located on the vessel 2 and made in the form of a compressor or a cylinder of compressed air, the output of which is connected to a control unit 3 containing an electromagnetic valve and a programmable time relay. Below the sea surface are located in series connected by a flexible pipe (hose) 4 between each other and with a source of compressed air 1 pneumatic emitters 5-10 fish sounds. In addition, each emitter is equipped with a receiver 11-16 and cargo-deepener 17-22, the volume and weight of each of which exceeds the volume and weight of the previous one. Before each pneumatic radiator, starting from the second, a limit check valve 23-27 is installed. The receivers have a flexible shell and are made of elastic material. Emitters 5-10 are located under the hull of the vessel in its diametrical plane with the help of pulling ropes 28-29 and cargo burrows 17-22.

The method of fishing squid using the proposed device is implemented as follows.

Before dusk, the squid vessel 2, equipped with light and sound equipment to attract and concentrate the squid, enters the intended fishing area and, having discovered the squid accumulation, lays down in the drift and turns on the garland 30, thus starting the concentration of the fishing object using an artificial source Sveta. To eliminate the wind drift of vessel 2, a floating anchor 31 and aft sail 32 are installed. Then, the inventive sonar device is placed under the hull of the vessel 2 in its diametrical plane and launched into the water using squid winches 33 vertical tiers 34 equipped with jiggers 35. After that, a trial Squid fishing for jigging gear. With insufficient intensity of biting squid on jiggers 35 or its decrease in the process of fishing, the sound signals are emitted into the aquatic environment using the inventive device.

The device operates as follows (figure 1, 2).

When the time relay is activated and the solenoid valve of the control unit 3 is turned on, compressed air from the source 1 fills the flexible conduit 4, and when the receiver reaches the excess working air pressure 11, the emitter 5 starts to work. As a result, hydroacoustic signals are emitted that are similar in spectral-temporal to and energy characteristics of the signals of small open-bubble fish, which are the objects of nutrition of squid.

At the moment the emitter 5 is turned on, the check valve 23, adjusted to the working air pressure, is activated, and when the flexible receiver 12 is filled with compressed air to the working pressure, the emitter 6 starts to work. During the filling with compressed air, the flexible receivers 11, 12 give the corresponding sections of the pipeline positive buoyancy and cause their ascent. As the receivers 13, 14, 15, and 16 fill up, they are sequentially turned on and emitter 7 is moved to the surface, then PI 8, then emitter 9, and finally the last PI 10.

The signals generated under the hull of the vessel by group PI 5-10 and simulating the presence of small open-bubble fish are propagated in the aquatic environment adjacent to the vessel 2 along its entire length, which further enhances the effect of the light field attracting the squid at considerable distances.

Squid shoals, attracted by light and sound, usually accumulate in the shadow zone under the hull of the vessel and from there, as if from an ambush, attack the fish or the jigger bait, located at the border of light and shadow. The proposed device allows to intensify the process of jigger fishing of squid by enhancing the search-trophic activity of squid.

This is achieved by the fact that after filling the receiver 16, the time relay is activated and the electromagnetic valve of the control unit 3 is locked. At the same time, the process of sequentially turning off the emitters 5-10 begins, starting from the first (PI 5) having the receiver 11 of the smallest volume, to the last (PI 10) with the receiver 16 having the largest volume. This operating mode is set by limit check valves 23-27, which exclude the mutual influence of neighboring emitters having excessive air pressure, and receivers 11-16, which ensure a sequential shutdown of the PI as the compressed air is consumed. In addition, as the compressed air is consumed in the receivers 11-16, under the action of cargo deepeners 17-22, PIs 5 through 10 are successively immersed at a predetermined depth in the ship’s diametrical plane, adjustable by the length of the pulling ropes 28-29 from the bow and stern of the ship. As a result, the operation of the device is a continuous process of sequentially turning on and off the emitters 5-10 from the bow to the stern of the vessel, accompanied by wave-like vertical movements of PI 5-10 (raising-lowering) in the diametrical plane of the vessel.

Alternately turning on and off the emitters 5-10 and their vertical movement under the hull of the vessel creates a sonar environment that simulates the horizontal and vertical movement of biosignals of fish - squid feeding objects. In addition, when the PI is periodically turned on, they emit air bubbles rising to the surface. As a result, the squid’s auditory receptors are simultaneously affected by creating a bio-noise field in the vessel’s diametrical plane from the bow to the stern, simulating the horizontal and vertical movement of fish biological signals, and the squid's visual perception of air bubbles moving to the surface simulating moving fish, which additionally stimulates motor and food (search-trophic) activity of squid and their throwing on jigging gear. This allows you to activate the process of fishing squid vertical tiers and other fishing gear throughout the fishing period (night).

In addition, when air flows from PI 5-10, a veil of bubbles forms under the hull of vessel 2, which, as you know, effectively suppresses the noise of the vessel at frequencies close to the natural resonant frequencies of air bubbles. In this case, partial absorption and dissipation of the noise energy of the squid vessel occurs by air bubbles (i.e., the distance from which the squids perceive the noise of the vessel decreases). At the same time, biological signals of the fish emitted by the PI group are propagated in all directions from the vessel, i.e. A classic masking of the underwater noise of the vessel under a bio-noise field is carried out, which imitates the signals of small open-bubble fish and has an attractive effect on squids that are far from the vessel.

Simulation of a bio-noise field moving in space involves a horizontal displacement of signal sources at a speed of 0.5-0.7 m / s, corresponding to the cruising speed of swimming of most small pelagic fish. Therefore, the volumes of the receivers 11-16 are selected in such a way that when the distance between the emitters 5-10 is 2 m, the PI 6 and subsequent emitters 7-10 are turned on (off) with an interval of 3-4 seconds after the electromagnetic valve is turned on (off) control unit 3 and PI 5.

The cyclic operation of the device sets the time relay of the control unit 3. For example, for a device consisting of six PI 5-10 (Fig. 1), after 20-25 seconds after turning on the electromagnetic valve of control unit 3, a pause of 25-30 seconds follows, then the cycle repeats.

The number of PIs can be any, depending on the type (hull length) of the squid vessel.

Sea fishing trials of the developed method for intensifying squid fishing and a device for its implementation were carried out in September 2006 in the Peter the Great Bay on jigging fishing of Pacific squid from the Rossiante vessel (TINRO-Center). The test results showed its high efficiency. The performance of jigger squid fishing using the proposed device increased during the test period by a total of 60%.

The developed method of fishing and a device for its implementation can be successfully applied not only for jigger squid fishing, but also for wallet and trawl fishing of squid using a fishing vessel, as well as other methods of squid fishing, for example, fixed and drift nets, side traps and pickups , fish pumps, etc.

In addition, the proposed method and device can be used to attract and concentrate predatory fish (salmon, tuna, sharks, etc.), mammals and other objects of fishing.

Claims (2)

1. The method of fishing squid, including the formation and emission into the water environment of both light and sound signals, characterized in that the sound signals use hydroacoustic signals, similar in spectral-temporal and energy characteristics to biological signals of small open-bubble fish, formed under the hull of a pneumatic emitters of fish sounds, while additionally affect the visual and auditory receptors of squid by creating in the diametrical plane of the vessel air bubbles generated during the periodic activation of pneumatic emitters, and a moving bio-noise field simulating the horizontal and vertical movement of biological fish signals, in addition, pneumatic emitters form a veil of bubbles under the ship’s hull, partially absorbing the energy of hydroacoustic signals emitted by the ship’s hull. 2. A device for catching squid, containing a source of compressed air with a control unit at the outlet, pneumatic emitters of fish sounds, check valves and receivers with a volume exceeding the volume of the previous one, connected in series with a flexible pipe, characterized in that the source of compressed air with the control unit is placed on the vessel, and pneumatic emitters of fish sounds, check valves and receivers are located under the hull of the vessel in its diametrical plane, while the receivers have a flexible shell and are made of elastic material terial, and each receiver is equipped with a cargo-deepener having a weight exceeding the weight of the previous one.

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