RU2338175C2 - Method for explosives detection - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics, measurement.

SUBSTANCE: invention concerns security of infrastructure objects and mobile air, water and land transport units. Method involves sampling device which does not produce electromagnetic emission and features removable filters with sorbent material. Gas component absorption in filter occurs in the process of passing air though it due to low aerodynamic load maintained in filter by low-capacity air flow agitator. Odour bank for examined aircrafts is formed by creation of a single unified odour for each aircraft group by accumulation of characteristic odours for each plane of a group during air circulation through cabin air filter. Filters with aircraft odour samples of examined group are placed into reservoir for obtaining basic group odour by mutual odour diffusion. At the same time three odour sets are formed, where one set is for reference, while two others are intended for current use. Scent analysis of examined samples is performed to detect presence of explosives in them.

EFFECT: possibility of explosives search by highly mobile method in expanded application range.

3 cl, 2 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of ensuring the safety of infrastructure and mobile vehicles of the transport complex (air, water and land) and can be used by the security services of airports, airlines, land transport enterprises and water transport enterprises for the timely prevention and elimination of terrorist attacks using explosives.

Control of aircraft and sea vessels and ground objects is carried out by remote express detection of explosive vapors using service dogs in order to timely prevent and eliminate terrorist acts using explosives at any objects that have a closed air volume in their circuit.

Remote control of aircraft, ships and ground objects for the presence of explosive vapors using air sampling devices and service dogs is carried out by employees of the dog training departments of the security services both in the conditions of ensuring the daily (regular) mode of activity, and in the presence of the threat of an act of unlawful interference in the activities of transport enterprises.

The closest analogue of the claimed invention is a method for checking the examined objects for the smell of explosives using trained dog-detectors, which consists in taking air samples at the object using a non-electromagnetic radiation sampling device having replaceable filters with sorbent material, which are made with the ability to retain traces of odors during the passage of air through them, the adsorption of gaseous components of the substance on the filter due to the creation of low of the aerodynamic resistance of the filter driving force low-power air flow, and presentation of the dogs detectors filter (copyright certificate SU №966540, Cl. G01N 1/22, 1982).

A disadvantage of the known method of checking the examined objects for the smell of explosives using trained dog-detectors is the need for direct contact between the device’s air intake and the test object, which is unacceptable in relation to explosive objects, to carry out the muscular human force, which is not a constant value, sampling from a large volume and in the absence of a suspicious object is extremely difficult. Samples taken from different objects and under different conditions are difficult to compile, which, in the presence of a minimum concentration of the desired substance, makes it difficult for a detection dog to detect it.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the detection efficiency of explosives, providing the ability to search for explosives highly mobile method in an extended area of application.

The specified technical result is ensured by the fact that in the known method of checking the examined objects for the smell of explosives using trained dog-detectors, which consists in taking air samples at the object using a non-electromagnetic radiation sampling device having interchangeable filters with sorbent material, which are made with the possibility of retaining traces of odors in the process of passing air through them, adsorption of gaseous components of the substance on the filter by creating The low aerodynamic drag of the filter by a low-power inducer of air flow, and presenting the filter to dogs for detectors, according to the invention, form a bank of smells of the aircraft under investigation by creating a single unified smell of each of the aircraft groups by accumulating the characteristic odors of each of the aircraft of the group by pumping air in the cabin aircraft, while filters with samples of odors of aircraft of the studied group are placed in a container to form the base for this odor group due to the mutual diffusion of odors, and at the same time form three sets of odors, one of which is a reference, and the other two are intended for current use, and carry out odorological analysis of the studied samples for the presence of explosive vapors in them.

Filters can be used from a material with calibrated perforation and a calculated amount of air passed through the filter to provide the concentration of explosive vapors necessary for dogs to detect on the filter.

A bank of odors and filters are stored in hermetically sealed glass containers at freezing temperatures in the freezer.

Figure 1 shows illustrations of the main elements and sequence of actions in the implementation of the claimed method;

2 is a flowchart for describing explosive detection procedures.

In the proposed method, sampling of air at an infrastructure facility or vessel is carried out using a portable device (figure 1). The cynologist inspector, before sampling the air, removes the replaceable filter element from the sealed case, inserts it into the cartridge of the device and switches the device into air intake mode.

Air sampling begins in the cockpit (from the front door of the room). Then the canine inspector, with the instrument turned on, continues the sampling of the air as it moves from the crew cabin (entrance door of the room) to the tail of the vessel (to the wall opposite to the entrance door of the room) and back to the starting point of the start of sampling.

During the movement through the cockpit and salons of the vessel (facility premises), the cynologist inspector takes an air sample from the level of the upper luggage racks of the vessel (upper cut of cabinets) to the seat level of passenger seats (floor level of the room) in order to maximize the capture of air samples from all of it layers and isolated rooms and compartments. When sampling, all upper luggage racks (cabinets) and the doors of the toilets of the vessel must be open. Upon returning to the starting point of the start of sampling, the inspector turns off the device, removes the replaceable filter element and places it in an airtight case for transportation to the laboratory of the dog department. Sampling of air at the facilities and its delivery to the laboratory should be carried out in express mode (20-30 minutes). Sampling of air on a vessel is carried out alternately without gaps in rooms and unsealed compartments, crew cabin, salons of the upper deck, luggage, cargo, buffet-kitchen and compartments of the lower deck, respectively. Sampling of air in the premises of the facility or in the salons of the vessel can also be carried out directly at the outlet of the air from the air conditioning or ventilation system of the salons of the ship (premises of the facility) using an attachment.

After completing the air sampling, the cynologist inspector delivers a sealed case with a replaceable filter to the laboratory of the canine department for odorological analysis of the sample for the presence of explosive vapor in it using 3 service dogs in their functional state for the presence of explosive vapor in it. In the odorological express analysis, the samples delivered to the laboratory are sampled by detection dogs in their functional state, determined by their fulfillment of signaling behavior in preliminary control work. Non-functional individuals are replaced by backup ones. Then, each of the three individuals used is alternately carried out in a random series composed of 5 or 12 objects, where the test sample is anonymously placed among auxiliary ones, and behind it, in the same order, a control sample with the smell of explosive is placed. The dog moves ahead of the leader with its characteristic speed, sniffing all objects in order, without gaps and delays in “clean” samples, noting with stereotyped signals the fact of detection of a sample with explosives.

In order to achieve maximum accuracy, dogs are allowed to sample the desired object in a series of neutral filters with a basic smell of the aircraft being examined, while the airline fleet is divided into three groups depending on the country of manufacture of the aircraft: domestic (TU-154, 134; IL- 96, 86), European (A-319, 320, 321), American (B-767, 777; DC-10), which allows you to take into account the characteristics of materials used in aircraft construction in different countries and, accordingly, differences in basic odors in the internal volumes of the aircraft , P In this way, the formation of a bank of aircraft odors is carried out by creating a single, unified smell for each of the aircraft groups by accumulating the characteristic odors of each of the aircraft of the group by pumping air through the air filter in the cabin, and filters with smell samples of all aircraft of this group are placed in one glass container, where, due to mutual diffusion, a base odor is formed for this group, while at the same time three sets of a bank of odors are formed, one of them is a reference, the other two designed for everyday use, and a bank of odors and filters are stored in a hermetically sealed glass container at low temperature, in the freezer.

The filter for capturing explosive molecules from the pumped air is made of a material with calibrated perforation, which reduces the aerodynamic resistance of the filter and provides a significant increase in its sorption area.

An unambiguous choice by the three detection dogs of the test sample indicates the presence of explosive vapor in it. Identification of their species is also carried out using three dog-detectors, but not knowing the explosives, but prepared to select an object for any smell presented to them within one minute at the start for operational memorization. The identification series is filled with samples from the collection of explosives, and at the start, the test sample is presented to the dogs. Then they are carried out in a row to the control sample (starting duplicate) located at the end. An unambiguous choice of a specimen of a specific explosive preparation and a control test indicates their belonging to this explosive. But dog-detectors can select several samples, which will indicate the presence in the source under study of odors characteristic of explosive devices of explosive devices of explosive complexes: TNT, RDX, TEN, etc. After each use of the dogs, the floor in the sampling room is cleaned with a mop moistened with a weak soda solution, and its traces are removed with clean water. Sample objects are washed with hot water and detergents, traces of which are also washed off with clean water. If the examination is positive, the shift supervisor of the dog department immediately reports to the deputy head of the security service to make an appropriate decision. The flowchart for the description of explosive detection procedures (Fig. 2) includes the following tasks: setting a task for the senior shift in accordance with the current situation at Sheremetyevo airport, instructing and completing the “Tasks for the performance of work”, arrival at the object or aircraft parking, informing the head of the facility or employee of the Aeromash DBA CJSC on the purpose of arriving at the facility or aircraft, the presentation of a “Task for the performance of work”, air sampling at the facility or aircraft using the device (within 20-30 minutes), delivery of air samples to the service laboratorysafety, odorological analysis of the test sample for the presence of explosive vapors using 3 detection dogs in their functional state, upon receipt of a positive reaction of the detection dog to the test sample, the transition to the final step, in the absence of a positive signal from the detection dog to the test sample - SZN report and preparation of the protocol and task execution report, transition to the end of the procedure, SZN report and preparation of the test study protocol, identification of the type of explosives of the test sample, SZN report, preparation of the protocol sample research, transition to the end of the procedure.

Based on the pump capacity of the sampling device (W) equal to 600 l / min, we determine that the required time for examining the room is

,

,

or

.

.

Calculations show that the time required for examining aircraft cabins is: TU-134 - 4 minutes; TU-154 - 7 minutes; IL-86, 96 - 20 minutes; A-319 - 6 minutes; A-320 - 7 minutes; A-321 - 8 minutes.

Examination of samples with the help of dogs is carried out in just 10-15 minutes. The identification by service dogs of explosive vapor on the filter is carried out by sampling a sample of explosive from a number of neutral samples using a special technique. The use for sampling purposes of at least three specially prepared animals that are in working condition and providing them with a choice of 12 samples gives a detection probability close to unity. These examples confirm the possibility of a significant reduction in the time required for the inspection of aircraft and other objects.

The method under consideration may become alternative in relation to the procedures for pre-flight inspection of aircraft, especially as it relates to the search used in the case of a specific threat and which is the most time-consuming (up to 12-16 man-hours depending on the type of aircraft). The above information was verified in the mode of production tests conducted in 2004-2005. on airline ground facilities (office and production facilities) and aircraft (385 samples in total). In February 2006, the sampler device was presented for testing at the Military Engineering Academy of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation Commission, which in its composition was interdepartmental and included leading experts in the field of mine search, combat explosives, improvised explosive devices and explosive hazard detection equipment items. The aviation security service of JSC Aeroflot-Russian Airlines presented for testing: three service dogs prepared for the detection of explosives by odorological sampling; a sampler designed as a device for accumulating gaseous components of explosives; cynological complex designed for the transportation of personnel, laboratory equipment, as well as the maintenance of service animals when working offline.

The purpose of the tests was:

- check the ability to identify service dogs with explosives of the type TNT, RDX, TEN by presenting samples of explosive vapors from the air of the premises under examination;

- check and evaluate the performance, functionality, efficiency and ergonomics of the sampler;

- evaluate the functionality of the cynological complex in accordance with its purpose;

- to make a conclusion about the possibility and advisability of using the proposed method in the practice of services involved in cynological support of transport safety.

The test conditions were as follows. Tests were conducted on the territory of the training ground of the Military Engineering Academy on February 27, 2006 from 11.00 to 14.30 hours. Search objects were secretly placed two hours before the start of air sampling in office premises No. 37, 32, 35, 31 A with a room volume of 50 to 150 cubic meters of UEP housing. As search objects were used:

TIT - in the form of 200 grams of TNT blocks (one in a standard shell, the other without it);

RDX - in the form of a charge of EVV-11 weighing 1 kg (charge SZ-1E);

TEN - as a part of the detonating cord ДШ-В ~ 1 m long.

Search and identification of explosives was carried out in accordance with the claimed methodology for conducting production tests of a method for detecting explosives by remote analysis of the air environment for the tasks of the aviation safety service SAB in the conditions of JSC Aeroflot and instructions for using the device. Explosive vapors were taken from air in seven rooms, four of which were search objects. Room No. 04 was used as a temporary odorological laboratory. Each of the three dogs was presented with five objects containing air samples of the examined premises in the sampling row; in one of the objects there was a test sample.

Test results

The odorological sample showed a positive reaction of dogs to the smell of TNT - six out of six, to the smell of RDX - three out of three, to the smell of TEN - three out of three. There were no false reactions of dogs to the presented drugs. According to the conclusion and the report of the dog handler, four samples were found with the presence of signs of explosives, all the results coincided with the location of the search objects.

Findings:

- a method for detecting explosives by remote analysis of the air using trained service dogs makes it possible to detect the presence of explosives such as TNT, RDX, TEN in rooms and other objects with an enclosed volume (vehicles, containers, containers for various purposes);

- the device allows you to precipitate and hold on its filter a pair of explosives in a concentration sufficient to be detected by service dogs;

- overall and weight characteristics of the device, as well as its structural layout allow the inspection of objects of various sizes and configurations. The reliability of the device in operation is ensured by the simplicity of design and the use of modern components and materials;

- the cynological complex is capable of ensuring the autonomy of the work of the cynological group;

- the inventive method for the detection of explosives can be recommended for use by dog divisions of various departmental affiliations with the development of technological methods of work in accordance with the tasks to be solved.

Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of the traditional and proposed methods for examining objects

To compare the capabilities of the new search and detection method for explosives, 2 groups of animals were created. The control group consisted of 5 dogs trained and certified for the search for explosives in the traditional way, the essence of which is as follows: a guide with a specially trained dog assigned to him examines the room. For the dog to work reliably, it is necessary that there are no strangers in the animal’s work area, minimizing distractions, and constantly maintaining the animal’s interest in conducting the search, i.e. detection of the desired object. The disadvantages of this method are the natural fatigue of the dog after 30-40 minutes of active work, the inability to create ideal conditions, the large time spent taking into account the rest (replacement) of the dog when examining 3 or more objects. The experimental group consisted of 5 dogs prepared for the detection of explosives by odorological studies of the proposed adsorbents.

Surveyed objects: office premises with a volume of 60 m ³ , office premises with a volume of 120 m ³ , aircraft TU-134; TU-154; IL-86; A-320 (see table).

As a simulator of explosives, 3 covers from 200 g were used. TNT checkers, hidden in the pockets of life jackets, under chairs. The exposure time is 2 hours at an ambient temperature of t = + 15 + 18 ° C.

Control group Experienced group 1. Fuchs - Métis 3 years 1. Reed - a hybrid of 4 years 2. Gerda - German shepherd 2.5 years 2. Gamma - a hybrid of 6 years 3. Makeup - a hybrid of 6 years 3. Sailor - hybrid 3 years 4. Wolf - half-breed 3 years 4. Aden - a hybrid of 4 years 5. Warta - reindeer herding 6 years 5. Snowstorm - a hybrid of 3 years Nickname Effect. Work without rest Office space 60 m ³ Office space 120 m ³ Time required for examination and detection of explosives TU 154 salon A-320 salon IL-86 salon TU-134 salon Fuchs 25 1-4 3-8 thirty 25 35 fifteen Gerda thirty 1-5 3-8 30 aisles 25 40 15 only in the aisles Makeup twenty 1-4 2-7 thirty 25 25 fifteen Wolf thirty 1-5 3-8 34 thirty 40 19 Warta thirty 2-6 3-10 thirty 25 35 fifteen Note 1-2 minutes - explosives detection when entering premises Time spent on inspections of premises and aircraft during air sampling 4 hours machine operation 4 min 8 min 20 minutes 20 minutes 25 min

The time spent by the explosives adsorbed on the filter from 12 proposed samples is on average 5 minutes (2 dog postings in a selective row). In the row are at least 6 samples to be identified. For research, at least three dogs in functional condition are used. That is, each of the dogs in 5 minutes examines 6 and (more) objects and its result is checked by 2 more dogs. The total time spent on such a study is

3 × 5 min = 15 min + 5 min (replacing the dog) = 20 min.

Due to the large number of test samples where there is obviously clean and odoriferous explosives, and also due to the use of at least 3 animals on the same test objects, the likelihood of false or accidental tripping is reduced.

The cost of working time for examining 5 aircraft (2 TU-154, IL-86, A-320, TU-134) by dog breeding with the traditional method of using the dog is:

- preparation (walking and transportation to the aircraft parking lot)

10 + 15 = 25 people / min;

- examination of 5 aircraft (salons) 30 + 30 + 35 + 25 + 15 = 135 people / min.

After every 30-40 minutes of work, the animal is given a rest of 15 minutes, and after examination of 2 aircraft, in most cases, a dog needs to be replaced

15 × 3 = 45 people / min

E = 135 + 45 + 25 = 205 people / min = 3 hours 25 min.

The cost of time when working with the remote method:

- Departure of the employee to the facility 1 × 15 min = 15 people / min;

- preparation of the laboratory for work, at the same time dog walking 1 × 20 = 20 people / min;

- examination of 5 aircraft = 20 + 20 + 20 + 25 + 10 = 95 people / min;

- the dog’s work in a selective row of 5 min × 2 people = 10 people / min.

E = 15 + 20 + 95 + 10 = 140 people / min = 2 h 20 min.

For the work of 2 more dogs, an additional 20 people / min will be required to check the final result.

It should also be noted that with the traditional method, all processes proceed sequentially, and with remote analysis, the preparation of animals and laboratories takes place during air sampling, then the length of time spent on examinations is reduced by another 20 minutes and will total 2 hours.

It should also be noted that when air sampling is performed on the person performing this operation, distracting factors in the form of extraneous noise, people, etc. are not affected.

When inspecting the aircraft using a service dog during the process, it is impossible to avoid all kinds of interference.

Thus, if we consider the cost of working time with the traditional method for 100%, then the costs with the proposed method will be 140/205 × 100% = 68%.

Conclusion: the proposed method for the search for explosives in air transport facilities increases the efficiency of work on a temporary basis by 30% compared with the traditional method of using service dogs.

Information sources

1. Petrenko E.S. To the assessment of the possibility of detecting explosives and devices containing them, - M .: Special equipment, No. 1, 2001.

2. Petrenko E.S. Some features of the search for explosives and explosive objects using dogs, gas analytical instruments and chemical rapid tests, - M .: Special equipment, No. 4, 2002.

3. Sulimov K.T., Starovoitov V.I. The use of odor information from the scene in the disclosure and investigation of crimes. Collection of scientific papers. - M.: ECC Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 1992, p. 45-72.

4. Sobko G.M. Probabilistic and statistical justification of the reliability of odorological identification. Issues of forensic theory. - M .: VNIISE, 1977, No. 31, p.142-177.

3. A method for checking the examined object for odors using dog-detectors, used in forensics. - Copyright certificate SU No. 966540, cl. G01N 1/22, 1982 (prototype).

Claims (3)

1. The method of checking the examined objects, mainly aircraft, for the smell of explosives using trained dog-detectors, which consists in taking air samples at the object using a non-electromagnetic radiation sampling device having replaceable filters with sorbent material, which are made with the ability to retain traces of odors during the passage of air through them, adsorption of gaseous components of the substance on the filter due to the creation of low aerodynamic rotating the filter with a low-power inducer of air flow and presenting the filter to the detection dogs, characterized in that they form a bank of smells of the examined aircraft by creating a single unified smell of each of the aircraft groups by accumulating characteristic odors of each of the aircraft of the group by pumping air through the filter in the cabin , while filters with samples of odors of aircraft of the studied group are placed in a container for the formation of the base odor for this group due to the maximum diffusion of odors, and at the same time form three sets of odors, one of which is a reference, and the other two are for current use, and carry out an odorological analysis of the test samples for the presence of explosive vapors in them. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that they use filters from a material with calibrated perforation and a calculated amount of air passed through the filter to provide the concentration of explosive vapor necessary for the dogs to detect on the filter. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the bank of odors and filters are stored in hermetically sealed glass containers at a negative temperature in the freezer.

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