RU2336068C2 - Method of health improvement of children in process of training - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine; therapeutic physical training.

SUBSTANCE: exercises for posture correction are performed. Topographical inspection of back provides topographical diagnosis in saggital, frontal and horizontal planes, and health grouping. Group 1 includes children with harmonious posture, flattened and strong normal bowing, ill-defined disorders in frontal plane and ill-defined torsion in horizontal plane. Group 2 includes children with posture disorders in saggital planes, scoliotic posture in frontal plane, rotated posture in horizontal plane, structural scoliosis of first degree, spinal deformation flat back, sway deformation, hyperlordosis, kyphosis of first and second degrees. And group 3 includes children with scoliosis of 2-4 degrees, funnel or keeled chest. Exercises are applied in compliance with health groups by timed-round method. And main part of training contains exercises for correction of deviations in saggital, frontal, and then in horizontal planes.

EFFECT: method has high efficiency.

3 ex, 1 tbl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to medicine, namely to methods of influencing the body, aimed at strengthening and improving it by improving the differentiated use of gymnastic exercises during a physical education lesson on the basis of data from a topographic survey at the TODP installation, and can be used to correct and formulate posture in learning process at school.

The development of science, technology, the introduction of new technologies in production impose ever-higher demands on the intellectual and professional development of members of society. The requirements for the training and qualifications of specialists are growing. In modern society, children begin to purposefully learn from preschool age, in schools the volume and duration of classes increases, accompanied by a long stay of children in a forced sitting position. In a sitting position without support, the load on the lumbar spine is greater than in a standing position with a straight back. The junction of the spine with the pelvis is of great importance for the function of the entire spine, and besides, it experiences a large functional load. At the same time, a relatively small increase in muscle mass, muscle weakness, their low static endurance and insufficient development of nerve motor centers do not allow for a long time to maintain the same position.

At the same time, the number of adverse factors in the environment (used furniture, clothes, temperature, humidity, food, etc.) increases and heredity is aggravated. The proportion of functional and organic disorders of the musculoskeletal system in children and adolescents is growing steadily. All this adversely affects the health of students, leads to the development of diseases of the musculoskeletal system, impaired muscle balance, reduced stamina. Therefore, it is necessary to revise the level and quality of the loads imposed on the body of schoolchildren, including physical education lessons.

Currently, many methods of treating diseases of the musculoskeletal system are known and successfully applied in practice. These methods are described in Russian patents No. 2136256, 2104684, 2160077, 2158574, 2166923, 2170076, 2252000, 2180826, 2197215, 2164125, 2142771, MKI A61H 1/00, No. 2232006, 2229278, 2110246, 2108083, 2018295, 2005, 2005295. MKI A61N 23/00, No. 2249443, MKI A61F 5/042, No. 2113193, MKI A61F 5/00 and others. Treatment of the musculoskeletal system with the described methods on the basis of studies and doctor's recommendations is carried out by specially trained medical personnel individually with each patient in medical institutions .

Methods of correction of the spine by the manual therapy method described in patents Nos. 2207100, 2192238, 2182819, 2166922, 2152770, 2085170, MKI A61H 1/00, No. 2067857, 2070816, 2100996, 2128492, 2125435, 2066169, MKI A61H 23/00 No. 2034530, MKI A61H 39/04, are also carried out individually with each patient and require certain skills from medical personnel.

Currently, much attention is paid to the prevention of diseases and methods of healing the body by performing a set of exercises. Such methods are described in Russian patents No. 2213550, 2201192, 2237461, 2179430, 2173973, 2234301, 2166921, 2203015, 2200527, 2112487, 2112488, 2139025, 2136257, 2127574. 2121332, 2173973, MKI A613 1/66, 2038067, MKI A61N 23/00, No. 2102961, MKI A61H 7/00, No. 2188046, MKI A61N 2/00, application No. 98121259 MKI A61H 1/00, application No. 97110925, MKI A61F 5/00, etc.

The use of the above methods of healing the body brings a positive effect, but their use is limited in educational institutions, because they are either not intended for performance in the educational process at school, or indirectly affect the formation of the student’s posture through a change in regulatory processes, which is less effective, or they do not take into account the stagedness of posture disorders and the degree of spinal deformities.

There is a method of conducting therapeutic exercises in children with damage to the musculoskeletal system (P. Russia No. 2040922, MKI A61H 1/00, 11/05/93), created taking into account the postnatal ontogenetic sequence of the formation of the functional movement system based on motor reflexes in a strict staged order.

The method is complex, requires water procedures and cannot be used to correct the spine during training (physical education lesson).

A known method of posture formation (P. of Russia No. 2245702, MKI A61H 1/00, 01/15/2003), including a training system in which posture is formed through the formation of a person’s understanding of the body model as a system of body points and learning to master this model.

This method is effective in individuals who regularly engage in any form of physical activity or sports, i.e. possessing sufficient motor experience and good coordination of movements, therefore its use in conducting physical education lessons in children in a secondary school is limited.

There is a known method of training (P. of Russia No. 2229869, MKI A61H 1/00, 06/28/2002), which includes studying the material in accordance with the general education program, conducting preventive measures during lessons and changes aimed at activating the body, relieving fatigue, and recovering posture, psycho-emotional discharge (prototype).

The method is exclusively hygienic focus, because provides for activities of a general stimulating nature lasting no more than 3 minutes every hour of work, which leads to a decrease in general fatigue, relieve fatigue and static stress, but not correction of existing disorders of the musculoskeletal system and increase in general endurance.

The purpose of the invention is to increase endurance and improve the health of the body of children by correcting and preventing violations of posture and spinal deformities in the learning process.

This goal is achieved due to the fact that during the schooling at physical education classes health groups are formed, and exercises that help restore posture are carried out with health groups in an interval-circular manner of strictly regulated exercises, and the main part of the exercise is divided into intervals with individual load for each health group, and within the health group - for each student.

The violation of posture in childhood is to some extent associated with a number of anatomical and functional features of the musculoskeletal system, including the spine. The formation of the spinal column and its functional improvement take a very long period of ontogenesis, ending in 20-22 years. In the process of growth and development of the child, such basic functions of the spinal column as support, protection and its mobility reach a certain maturity. Each of these functions is carried out due to the complex interaction of the structural elements of the vertebrae, intervertebral discs, ligamentous-articular apparatus and muscles. Violations of posture negatively affect the body of a growing child, have an adverse effect on the functioning conditions of internal organs, and create conditions for the manifestation of other pathological factors.

According to the results of numerous studies, the spine can be the initiator of various visceral disorders. In children with impaired posture, the physiological reserves of respiration and blood circulation are reduced, and adaptive reactions are violated, which makes children with postural abnormalities predisposed to lung and heart diseases. It is known that 96% of all deviations from normal posture in schoolchildren are associated with dysfunction and pathological processes that occur in skeletal muscle, and 4% are congenital scoliosis and kyphosis. A survey of students from the 1st to 11th grade of schools in Moscow revealed that 80% of all examined (a total of about 500 students were examined) recorded various forms of posture disturbance, mainly the presence of a scoliotic spine setting (Grishin T.V., Nikitin SV Methods for the prevention of posture disorders in children in secondary schools. "Bulletin of the guild of orthopedic prosthetists", 2000, No. 3, p. 38-42). The degree of static tension in the spine depends on the ratio of cartilage and bone tissue. The younger the child, the more cartilage tissue he has, the more mobile and unstable the spine, and to maintain such a spine, more static tension of the skeletal muscles is required. In the muscles themselves, with prolonged static work, blood circulation conditions worsen. As long as the spine grows, the main load on the retention of the head and trunk falls on the muscles. The better muscles are developed, the better the spine is. To carry out effective preventive and treatment-and-prophylactic measures for correcting posture by means of physical culture, it is necessary to carefully monitor the presence of muscle tone asymmetries in the right and left halves of the body, leading to posture defects, and subsequently to spinal diseases.

Early diagnosis of functional disorders of posture in children is extremely important and will allow for effective preventive measures to correct posture by physical culture, and will also prevent the development of scoliosis. The system of measures for the correction and prevention of posture disorders in schoolchildren in the process of physical education is effective only in the implementation of continuity of measures.

The proposed method in physical education lessons is carried out in an interval-circular manner of a strictly regulated exercise, in which the main part of the exercise is divided into intervals during which a child or a group of children, united by type of posture disturbance, performs (s) an individual natural-applied exercise. The interval in the main part of the lesson can be one, and in this case, each student performs exercises under the supervision of a teacher on his own. There can be several intervals (for example, various exercise machines, mats (gymnastic mats), on which various objects (gymnastic sticks, stuffed balls, dumbbells, etc.), alternating mats and gymnastic benches, etc.) are located. Ways to organize schoolchildren in a physical education lesson can be different. The choice of how to organize children in the class depends on the novelty, complexity and nature of the exercises; tasks of the lesson; material equipment and location of the lesson; the size of the room (platform, hall); the availability of equipment; the variety of forms of impaired posture, the age of children and their preparedness; teacher’s own skills.

Building classes.

The duration of corrective gymnastics is 45 minutes. It is divided into 4 parts.

1. Introduction: 3-5 minutes.

A task. Organization of a group for classes. Preparing the body for work.

Facilities. Building, greeting, walking, during which various hand exercises are performed that develop the muscles of the shoulder girdle, for example, swings, strokes, shocks and circular movements-swings. Walking with raising straight legs, raising knees to the chest; movement in the squat, “frog jump”, “elephant running”, “bear steps”, walking on the heels, on toes and on the outer edge of the foot, swaying in the ankle joints, etc. Carrying cargo on the head (sandbag). Simple outdoor games. Take the position of the correct posture. Short run to stimulate breathing. After running and jumping, breathing exercises are mandatory.

II. Special main body: 20-25 min.

A task. The development of muscle feeling. Strengthening proper posture. Development of coordination of movements and breathing.

Facilities. Special corrective, respiratory, individual corrective exercises (for the muscles most involved in compensatory reactions to maintain balance), exercises in balance, near the gymnastic wall, on the gymnastic bench; when crawling, correction of deformation of the legs, outdoor games.

When conducting a physical education lesson (with complex complex disorders of posture), exercises are first performed to correct deviations in the sagittal plane, and then in the frontal and, in the last turn, in the horizontal. Between the main groups of localization exercises, rest and breathing exercises are mandatory.

III. Special preparatory part: 10-15 minutes.

A task. Increased endurance of the cardiovascular system, the development of coordination, games.

With the help of exercises, they act with moderate intensity on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Muscle relax. Contribute to holding and enhancing the mobility of the spine and its individual parts.

Facilities. Exercises for stretching, strengthening, relaxing muscles and ligaments, exercises at the gymnastic wall and on the gymnastic bench. Corrective exercises for the muscles least involved in compensatory reactions to maintain balance. Breathing exercises. Games in the unloading position.

VI. The final part: 3-5 minutes.

A task. Calm the body; take the right posture.

Facilities. Slow walking, relaxation exercises, breathing exercises, building, checking correct posture, parting with the group. To resume the rhythm of breathing and blood circulation, as well as to slow down the rapid flow of blood from the muscles of the legs to the heart, various walking methods are used simultaneously with the movement of the hands. Breathing exercises are performed with the hand on the belt. If you raise your arms up while breathing, then the upper part of the rib cage narrows, since the arms rest on it with their weight.

The duration of the various parts of the lesson is set depending on the physical fitness of the children, on the period of training the respiratory skill.

The method was carried out as follows.

In 2004, a Moscow school conducted a survey of 1st grade schoolchildren on a TODVV device to identify options for impaired posture and spinal deformity.

The results of the topographic survey were classified according to the following system:

Topographic diagnosis in the sagittal plane:

- Sp-ZK - Health - Norm (harmonious posture)

- Sp-ZS-Up - Health - Subnorm (flattening of physiological bends)

- Sp-ZS-Us - Subnorm (strengthening physiological bends)

- Sp-NO-Pl - Disorders of posture - Flat back

- Sp-NO-PV - Violations of posture - Flat-concave back

- Sp-NO-KV - Disorders of posture - Round-concave back

- Sp-NO-Su - Disorders of posture - Slouching back

- Sp-NO-Kr - Posture disorders - Round back

- Sp-BUT-IN - Violation of posture - Sluggish back

- Sp-DP-P - Spinal deformity - Flat back

- Sp-DP-KV - Spinal deformity - Round-concave back

- Sp-DP-L - Spinal deformity - Hyperlordosis

- Sp-DP-K1 - Spinal deformity - Kyphosis of the first degree

- Sp-DP-K2 - Spinal deformity - Kyphosis II degree

Topographic diagnosis in the frontal plane

- Фп-ЗН - Health - Norm (harmonious posture)

- Фп-ЗС - Health - Subnorm (mild violations)

- Фп-НО-Со - Posture disorders - scoliotic posture

- Фп-НО-ДН - Posture disorders - other violations

- FP-DP-C1 - Deformation of the spine - structural scoliosis of the I degree

- FP-DP-C2 - Spinal deformity - II degree scoliosis

- FP-DP-C3 - Spinal deformity - scoliosis of the III degree

- FP-DP-C4 - Spinal deformity - IV degree scoliosis

Topographic diagnosis in the horizontal plane

- GP-ZN - Health - Norm (harmonious posture)

- GP-Zs - Health - Subnorm (mild twisting)

- Гп-НО-РО - Violations of posture - rotated posture

- Gp-DP-RP - Spinal deformity - Rotated spine

- GK-ZN - Health - Norm

- GK-ZS - Health - Subnorm

- GK-VD - Funnel-shaped deformation of the GK 1-2 degree

- GK-DN - Other chest deformities

- GK-VD2 - Funnel-shaped deformation of GK 3 degrees

- GK-KD - Keeled deformation of the GK

Based on the survey, a health group was determined. (GZ-1-N Health Group 1 (Norm), GZ-1-C Health Group 1 (subnorm), GZ-II Health Group II (Posture Impaired and Scoliosis 1 degree), GZ-II-DP Health Group II (combination any significant species, spinal deformity or postural disorders in various planes under study), GZ-III Health Group III (scoliosis of II-IV degrees, kyphosis of II degree, funnel-shaped chest deformation of III degree, keeled chest deformation).

Students in health groups I and II were allowed to attend classes at a school in physical education. Schoolchildren, whose examination revealed posture disorders attributed to the groups GZ-II-DP, GZ-III, were engaged in physical education in the school in specially created physical therapy groups, in health schools or in the clinic.

In the physical education lesson at school, the introductory part was carried out with all groups of students according to the same exercise pattern.

The main part and the special preparatory part were carried out in accordance with the health group of each student.

The following year, they again conducted a study of the condition of the spine of schoolchildren. The conclusions of the survey are listed in table 1.

Example 1

Gruzdeva Marina

Health Group II-HO

Screening - diagnosis of disorders of posture and spinal deformity is shown in figure 1, 2.

The schoolgirl conducted classes in physical education lessons by the interval-circular method, where in the main and special preparatory parts she performed individual exercises aimed at correcting the round concave back and strengthening the muscles of the back and abdomen as when lordizing the lumbar spine.

After classes a year later, we again examined the spine. The posture of the girl has changed in a positive direction: the health group IC (subnorm) is defined. Screening - diagnosis of disorders of posture and spinal deformity is shown in figure 2.

Example 2

Vagurin Egor

Health Group II-HO

Screening - diagnosis of disorders of posture and spinal deformity is shown in figure 3, 4.

The schoolboy conducted classes in physical education classes in an interval circular manner, where he performed individual exercises aimed at correcting scoliotic posture, i.e. strengthening the muscles of the back, abdomen as with lordosis of the lumbar spine.

After classes a year later, we again examined the spine. The posture of the boy has changed in a positive direction: the health group IC (subnorm) has been determined. Screening - diagnosis of disorders of posture and spinal deformity is shown in Fig.4.

Example 3

Armand Victoria.

Health Group II-DP

Screening - diagnosis of disorders of posture and spinal deformity is shown in Fig.5, 6.

The schoolgirl conducted physical education classes in specially created groups of physiotherapy exercises, where she performed special exercises aimed at correcting scoliosis of the first degree, correcting a flat-concave back and correcting a rotated spine.

After classes a year later, we again examined the spine. The girl’s posture has changed in a positive way: health group II BUT (violation of posture) is defined.

Screening - diagnosis of disorders of posture and spinal deformity is shown in Fig.6.

The examples and results of studies of posture of schoolchildren, shown in table 1, show that the described method can significantly improve the health of children, prevent complications associated with impaired posture, without spending additional time for the student in the learning process, and also increase the effectiveness of physical education classes .

Topographic diagnoses and health groups.
Table No. Full Name Date of Birth Topographic diagnosis Health group Recc. Class to the front. the plane to the horizon. the plane into the sagit. the plane on the chest one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 9 10 one Alieva Ainur 08/08/96 AP AP BUT AP II-BUT 2 2 Alieva Ainur 08/08/96 DC-C1 NO-RO DP-L VD1 II-DP 3 one 2 Armand Victoria 03/28/96 BUT-WITH NO-RO NO-PV AP II-BUT 2 2 Armand Victoria 03/28/96 DP-C1 NO-RO NO-PV ZN II-DP 3 one 3 Borodin Yaroslav 01/27/96 AP AP NO-SU AP II-BUT 2 2 Borodin Yaroslav 01/27/96 DP-C1 ZN ZS-UP ZN II-DP 3 one four Vagurin Egor 12/02/96 ZN ZN ZS-UP ZN I-C one 2 Vagurin Egor 12/02/96 BUT-WITH AP HO-DH AP II-BUT 2 one 5 Volkhonin Vladimir 09/25/96 AP AP BUT DD II-BUT 2 2 Volkhonin Vladimir 09/25/96 DP-C1 AP NO-PV ZN II-DO 3 one 6 Volynkina Svetlana 09/02/96 AP AP NO-HF ZN II-BUT 2 2 Volynkina Svetlana 09/02/96 ZN ZN NO-HF ZN II-BUT 2 one 7 Vorobyova Anastasia 10/17/96 ZN AP NO-HF VD1 II-BUT 2 2 Vorobyova Anastasia 10/17/96 DP-C1 AP NO-HF VD1 II-DP 3 one 8 Goncharov Artem 09/19/96 BUT-WITH NO-RO ZS-UP ZN II-BUT 2 2 Goncharov Artem 09/19/96 AP ZN NO-Pl ZN II-BUT 2 one

Table continuation one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 9 10 9 Gruzdeva Marina 03/07/96 ZN ZN ZS-Us AP 1-C one 2 Gruzdeva Marina 03/07/96 BUT-WITH ZN NO-HF AP II-BUT 2 one 10 Dardanov Vladimir 06/05/96 BUT-NAM ZN NO-PV AP II-BUT 2 2 Dardanov Vladimir 06/05/96 ZN ZN ZS-Us ZN 1-C one one eleven Efimova Polina 04/03/96 BUT-NAM AP DP-L AP II-DP 3 2 Efimova Polina 04/03/96 AP ZN DP-L ZN II-DP 3 one 12 Ivanov Dmitry 03/15/97 BUT-NAM ZN No soo AP II-BUT 2 2 Ivanov Dmitry 03/15/97 ZN AP HO-DH AP II-BUT 2 one 13 Kalugina Anna 11/15/96 BUT-NAM AP HO-DH AP II-BUT 2 2 Kalugina Anna 11/15/96 DP-C1 NO-RO No soo VD1 II-DP 3 one fourteen Komarova Ksenia 08/10/96 BUT-NAM NO-RO ZS-Us AP II-BUT 2 2 Komarova Ksenia 08/10/96 DP-C1 ZN ZS-UP DD II-DP 3 one fifteen Kormazov Alexander 07/07/96 BUT = WITH ZN BUT Cr AP II-BUT 2 2 Kormazov Alexander 07/07/96 DP-C1 NO-RO ZN DD II-DP 3 one 16 Kruglova Margarita 07/20/96 ZN ZN NO-PV ZN II-BUT 2 2 Kruglova Margarita 07/20/96 AP AP ZS-Us VD1 II-BUT 2 one 17 Kuznetsov Denis 10/12/96 BUT-NAM ZN ZS-UP AP II-BUT 2 2 Kuznetsov Denis 10/12/96 DP-C1 AP BUT Cr ZN II-DP 3 one eighteen Kuznetsov Roman 01/29/97 AP ZN BUT AP II-BUT 2 2 Kuznetsov Roman 01/29/97 AP AP ZS-UP AP 1-C one one

Table continuation one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 9 10 19 Lapshina Polina 12/21/95 BUT-WITH ZN ZN AP II-BUT 2 2 Lapshina Polina 12/21/95 DP-C1 NO-RO BUT Cr AP II-DP 3 one twenty Murashov Evgeny 02/28/96 BUT-WITH NO-RO HO-DH AP II-BUT 2 2 Murashov Evgeny 02/28/96 DP-C1 NO-RO NO-PV AP II-DP 3 one 21 Mureev Ivan 11/25/96 BUT-NAM NO-RO ZS-Us AP II-BUT 2 2 Mureev Ivan 11/25/96 ZN ZN HO-DH AP II-BUT 2 one 22 Ostashevich
Helena 10/31/96 BUT-WITH ZN No soo VD1 II-BUT 2 2 Ostashevich Elena 10/31/96 ZN ZN HO-DH VD1 II-BUT 2 one 23 Pashkova Polina 07/12/96 ZN AP ZN AP 1-C one 2 Pashkova Polina 07/12/96 BUT-WITH ZN NO-PV AP II-BUT 2 one 24 Saiko Nikita 01/08/97 BUT-WITH AP ZS-Us DD II-BUT 2 2 Saiko Nikita 01/08/97 DP-C1 NO-RO HO-DH VD1 II-DP 3 one 25 Skosarev Vladimir 07/04/96 BUT-WITH AP ZS-Us AP II-BUT 2 2 Skosarev Vladimir 07/04/96 DP-C1 ZN No soo VD1 II-DO 3 one 26 Smirnova Natalia 05/02/96 BUT-WITH ZN BUT Cr ZN II-BUT 2 2 Smirnova Natalia 05/02/96 DP-C1 AP ZS-Us AP II-DP 3 one 27 Sudarikov Nikolay 12/25/96 BUT-NAM ZN NO-PV AP II-BUT 2 2 Sudarikov Nikolay 12/25/96 AP AP ZN ZN 1-C one one 28 Timoshenko Olga 03/07/96 BUT-NAM AP NO-PV AP II-BUT 2 2 Timoshenko Olga 03/07/96 DP-C1 AP ZS-UP AP II-DP 3 one

Table continuation one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 9 10 29th Trankin Anton 11/30/96 BUT-WITH ZN NO-PL ZN II-BUT 2 2 Trankin Anton 11/30/96 DP-C1 ZN NO-HF ZN II-DP 3 one thirty Ulyanov Victor 04/18/96 AP NO-RO DP-K1 AP II-DP 3 2 Ulyanov Victor 04/18/96 ZN NO-RO BUT AP II-BUT 2 one

Claims (1)

A method of improving the body of children in the process of learning at school, including performing exercises that help to restore posture, characterized in that they conduct a topographic examination of the back to identify impaired posture, based on which they make a topographic diagnosis in the sagittal, frontal and horizontal planes and form health groups, this group 1 includes children with harmonious posture, with a flattening and strengthening of physiological bends, with mild disorders in the frontal plane and curled twisting in the horizontal plane, group 2 includes children with impaired posture in the sagittal plane, with scoliotic posture in the frontal plane, with rotated posture in the horizontal plane, structural scoliosis of the 1st degree, with spinal deformity - a flat back, round concave deformation, hyperlordosis, kyphosis 1 and 2 degrees, to the 3 group - with scoliosis of 2-4 degrees, funnel-shaped or keeled chest deformity, exercises are carried out in accordance with the health groups in an interval-circular joint sobom, wherein the main body first classes perform exercises for correcting deviations in the sagittal, frontal and then horizontally, and for classes at school gymnastics allow students only groups 1 and 2.

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