RU2334535C2 - Method and system for training of muscles with application of load change during execution of movement - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: sports; games.

SUBSTANCE: method of muscles training, in which training load is changed during execution of movements by user, training load change is carried out by means of power unit, control device, which is equipped with program that corresponds to profile of load change, and detectors of working platform position that is moved by contraction and expansion of working platform user muscles, at that certain load of power loading unit corresponds to every reading of detectors, at that user movements are executed with maximum possible speed, and program algorithm includes two speed thresholds with the possibility of change, the top one, during movement of which signal is sent from position detector to increase load by value that is proportional to the level of threshold exceeding, and the bottom one, at achievement of which signal is sent for reduction of load by value that is proportional to the level of threshold exceeding.

EFFECT: possibility to realise any algorithm of load change in time.

7 cl, 4 dwg

Description

This invention relates to sports and is intended for general physical training and training, in addition, it can be used for medicinal purposes during the recovery period after injuries. With the help of simulators of this type, it is possible to develop and strengthen the muscles of the arms, legs, back, chest.

For physical training in mass physical culture and sports, various training devices are used that allow you to train different muscle groups in different modes of muscle contraction. The disadvantage of conventional simulators is the use of only a constant load and the impossibility of its rapid change during movement. At the same time, for example, highly effective training regimes are well known that involve changing the training load both during the execution of one movement and during consecutive movements of one series. In addition, often there is a need to automatically maintain a certain speed during the exercise.

The training expediency of using a variable training load during one movement is due to the fact that the force developed by the contracting muscle depends on its length in different people, and the relationship “strength - muscle length” for different muscles of one person can vary significantly. Obviously, using a variable load that changes during movement in accordance with the physiological characteristics of the muscle group being trained is more effective for a full-fledged physical training. Attempts to use the training regime in which the external load changes during movement take place in sports practice. For these purposes, a special eccentric is used, which changes the moment of force on load-block simulators. The shape of the eccentric is selected so that the change in the moment of force is most effective for training this muscle group. The disadvantages of this method of programmable load changes include the complexity of replacing the eccentric. In addition, this method can be implemented only on cargo block simulators, which, in turn, sharply limits the scope of its application.

It is also known that the tension in the muscle, developing in the eccentric phase of movement (lowering the load, stretching the muscle), is much higher than in the concentric (lifting, contracting the muscle). Therefore, for a more effective training, the following methodical technique is used: the student independently raises the projectile (muscle contraction), after which the assistants add additional weight, after which the student lowers the projectile (muscle tension) with an increased load, then the additional weight is removed, and the cycle repeats again. Despite the high training effectiveness of this training method, it is obvious that its practical use is extremely difficult. The training feasibility of using a programmed change in the training load during a series of cyclic movements is associated with muscle fatigue. It is well known that the speed-strength capabilities of muscles decrease from repetition to repetition. In sports practice, there is a training method in which, after each repetition (raising and lowering the projectile), the load is reduced by unloading the projectile. The complexity of this training method imposes serious restrictions on its use. It is also known that for different training goals (increasing the power of muscle contraction, increasing the speed of muscle contraction, increasing muscle volume, increasing muscle endurance) there is a most optimal speed mode for performing training movements. However, not all people are able to maintain the desired speed during the entire training session.

The closest analogue of the invention is the device according to the application WO 01/64297 A63B 22/08, 2001, however, conventional weight training equipment cannot be used when performing movements at high speed and at a high pace due to their inertia.

The objective of the invention is to provide the possibility of implementing any algorithm for changing the load over time, including taking into account the dependence of the force of muscle contraction on its length, the effects of fatigue, injury safety when training in an eccentric mode.

This result is achieved due to the fact that in the method of muscle training, in which, during the execution of movements by the user, the change in the training load is carried out using a power loading unit, a control device equipped with a program corresponding to the profile of the load change, and position sensors moving under the influence of contraction and stretching muscles of the user of the working platform, and each sensor reading corresponds to a certain load of the power load block, while the user's movements are performed at the maximum possible speed for the user, and the program algorithm includes, with the possibility of changing, two speed thresholds, the upper one, when moving, a signal is supplied from the position sensor to increase the load by an amount proportional to the threshold exceeding level, and the lower one, upon reaching which a signal is given to reduce the load by an amount proportional to the level of exceeding the threshold.

As a power load unit, a pneumatic actuator is used with pressure relief and pump valves in the pneumatic cylinder controlled by a control device, which, taking into account information from the working pressure sensors and the position of the working platform, sets the algorithm for changing the working pressure to implement a given training mode.

When muscles are flexed by the user, the pressure in the pneumatic cylinder is kept constant, when the working platform reaches a predetermined position for a specific user, additional pressure is pumped into the pneumatic cylinder by means of valves to flex the muscles at a higher pressure, which remains throughout the entire flexion of the muscles, then when the working platform reaches the initial the initial position on the signal from the platform displacement sensor, the pressure again decreases, and the cycle repeats.

When the user performs cycles of flexion and extension of the muscles with the maximum possible speed and constant load, the platform moves the speed of movement by means of a displacement sensor, then during muscle fatigue and a decrease in the rate of muscle contraction to a predetermined threshold, the pressure is reduced by means of valves to increase pressure muscle contraction rate until the next decrease in speed with subsequent muscle fatigue and reaching a threshold level.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that the system for training muscles using changes in the training load during movement by means of a power load block contains a working platform that moves progressively under the influence of contraction and stretching of the user's muscles, and a control device with sensors, while the power load block connected to a moving working platform, the load sensor is connected to the load unit and the control device, and the displacement sensor is connected to p bochey platform and the control device.

A pneumatic actuator consisting of a pneumatic cylinder, dump-pump valves, and a compressor with a receiver for pumping compressed air was used as a power loading unit of the system, while the state of the valves is controlled by a control device, which, according to information from load sensors and moving the working platform, sets the algorithm for changing the working pressure to implement a given training regimen.

In the system, electric, hydraulic or mechanical drives can be used as a power load unit.

Brief Description of the Drawings

According to biomechanical characteristics, the entire numerous fleet of training devices can conditionally be divided into two classes: with translational movements and with rotational movements.

Figure 1 presents a structural diagram of the placement of nodes on simulators that implement translational movements, where 1 is a platform, 2 is a pneumatic actuator, 3 is a compressor with a receiver, 4 is an angle and / or displacement sensor, 5 is a working pressure sensor, 6 is a pneumatic system, 7 - control unit.

Figure 2 presents the structural diagram of the placement of nodes on the simulators that implement rotational movements.

The drawing shows a device for training leg muscles.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The system uses a pneumatic actuator (2) as a power load unit, as well as pressure regulating valves in the pneumatic system (6), the state of which is controlled by a control unit (7), which, in turn, is operating with information from working pressure sensors (5) and position (angle or displacement sensor) (4) of the mobile platform (1), at each moment of time sets the value of the working pressure for the implementation of a given training mode. Compressed air is then pumped using a compressor with a receiver (3).

Providing a variable load in the direction of travel is achieved as follows. A pre-programmed profile of load changes during movement is entered into the control device (7). Each indication of the position sensors (4) corresponds to a specific load (pressure in the pneumatic cylinder (2)), which is provided by the relief / pump valves (6).

Providing a variable load in different phases of movement is achieved due to the fact that the control device (7) has a pre-programmed mode with the following logic of operation. At the time of extension (moving the movable platform (1)), the pressure in the pneumatic cylinder (2) remains constant (set in advance), when the movable platform (1) reaches a certain position (predetermined for a particular student), additional pressure is pumped into the pneumatic cylinder (2) ( the level of which is programmed in advance) by means of reset / pump valves (6). As a result of this, bending (moving the movable platform) is carried out with high pressure, which also remains constant throughout the bending. When the moving platform reaches its initial position, information from the displacement sensor gives a signal to the integrating unit, after which the pressure is again reduced by means of the valve (6). Then the cycle repeats.

Providing a variable load in different movements is implemented as follows. The control device (7) has a pre-programmed mode with the following logic of operation. During bending / unloading cycles with a constant (pre-set) load specified by the pneumatic cylinder (2), the speed of movement of the support platform (1) is measured by means of a displacement sensor (4). In this case, the test subject is given the installation to perform movement at the maximum possible speed for him. In the process of muscle fatigue, the contraction rate decreases, and when a certain threshold (pre-set) is reached, a signal is sent to the control unit (7). From it, in turn, a signal is sent to the relief / pump valve (6), as a result of which the pressure decreases. The rate of muscle contraction increases slightly (due to reduced load), after which it again begins to decrease (due to fatigue) until it reaches a threshold level, etc. Compressed air is pumped through a compressor with a receiver (3). Maintaining a constant speed during movement is ensured by the fact that the control device (7) has a pre-programmed mode with the following logic of operation. Two speed thresholds are programmed (with the possibility of change) in the algorithm: upper and lower. The trainee is given the installation to perform movements with the highest possible speed for him. When the upper speed threshold is reached, a signal is sent from the position sensor (4) to increase the pressure by a certain amount (proportional to the level of exceeding the threshold). When the lower speed threshold is reached, a signal is issued to reduce the pressure by a certain amount (proportional to the level of exceeding the threshold). Compressed air is pumped through a compressor with a receiver (3).

Thus, the proposed device allows you to implement any algorithm for changing the load over time, including taking into account the dependence of the force of muscle contraction on its length, the effects of fatigue, injury safety during training in an eccentric mode.

Claims (7)

1. The method of muscle training, in which during the execution of the movements of the user change the training load, characterized in that the change in the training load is carried out using a power load unit, a control device equipped with a program corresponding to the profile of the load change, and position sensors moving under the influence of contraction and stretching the muscles of the user of the working platform, and each sensor reading corresponds to a certain load of the power load block, with The user's movement volume is performed at the highest possible speed, and the program algorithm includes two speed thresholds, the upper one with a signal that moves from the position sensor to increase the load by an amount proportional to the threshold level, and the lower one when it reaches a signal for reducing the load by an amount proportional to the level of exceeding the threshold. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a pneumatic actuator with pressure relief and pump valves in the pneumatic cylinder controlled by a control device is used as the power loading unit, which, taking into account information from the working pressure sensors and the position of the working platform, defines an algorithm for changing the working pressure to implement a given training regimen. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that when the user extends the muscles, the pressure in the pneumatic cylinder is kept constant, when the working platform reaches a predetermined position for a specific user, additional pressure is pumped into the pneumatic cylinder through the valves to effect muscle flexion at a higher pressure, which is maintained throughout the performance of muscle flexion, then when the working platform reaches its initial starting position according to the signal from the platform displacement sensor, the pressure again decreases and the cycle repeats. 4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that when the user performs cycles of flexion and extension of the muscles with the maximum possible speed and constant load, the platform moves the speed of movement of the platform using a displacement sensor, then during muscle fatigue and reduce the speed of muscle contraction to a predetermined threshold by a signal from the control device through the valves reduce pressure to increase the speed of muscle contraction to the next decrease in speed with subsequent muscle fatigue and achieve horny level. 5. A system for training muscles using changes in the training load during movement by means of a power load block, characterized in that it contains a working platform that moves translationally under the influence of contraction and stretching of the user's muscles and a control device with sensors, while the power load block is connected with the moving the working platform, the load sensor is connected to the load unit and the control device, and the displacement sensor is connected to the working platform and the control device th. 6. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that a pneumatic actuator consisting of a pneumatic cylinder, relief / pump valves and a compressor with a receiver for pumping compressed air is used as a power load unit, while the condition of the valves is controlled by a control device, which, according to information from the sensors load and moving the working platform sets the algorithm for changing the working pressure to implement a given training mode. 7. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that an electric, hydraulic or mechanical drive is used as the power load block.

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