RU2334041C1 - Screw-and-nut driver - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to mechanised track tools intended for tightening and undoing the nuts of blind and terminal track nuts and screwing in/out the rail-and-sleeper fastening screws in assembly and disassembly of rail-and-sleeper tract sections. The screw-and-nut driver incorporates a frame with a trolley and an outrigger. The frame is furnished with staple with a pivot joint to the trolley. The drive unit is attached to the frame one end, while the control unit and an operating unit with a spindle with changeable heads are arranged on its other end. One of the handles represents a part of a friction half-coupling making a rocker pivoted to the housing and passed through the screw-nut mechanism sleeve hole to allow adjusting and limiting torques. The said handle-rocker is furnished with a rest interacting with the end of a lever linked to the ratchet latch spring-loaded relative to the housing and engaged with the gear provided with a turn dual-scaling factor scale pointer indicator, the scaling factors being proportional to the handle-rocker turn angle and torques at the spindle both rpm values. The handle-rocker is pivoted to the lever articulated to the rod-slider spring-loaded relative to the housing and furnished with a cross bar inserted into the slot of the reverse twin half-coupling moving relative to the shaft-spindle. The invention allows an optimum arrangement and weight-distribution of the device assembly units and parts, ease of adjustment and indication of spindle torques.

EFFECT: higher efficiency, ease of use.

6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mechanized traveling tools for screwing and unscrewing the nuts of terminal and embedded bolts, as well as screws for fastening rails and sleepers when assembling and disassembling rail-sleeper grids of a railway track.

Known wrench PGK1, containing a frame with a trolley, an engine block placed on the frame, a control unit with handles and a working unit with a spindle and interchangeable heads, the frame is made in the form of a rod structure, the handles are a structure connecting the frame, the motor and working blocks (Travel mechanisms and tools / Under the editorship of N.A. Karpov. - M.: Transport, 1984. - S.244-247).

The disadvantages of the PGK1 key are: unbalanced suspension of the working block on the frame, which creates a significant inconvenience of manipulating the working block; lack of regulation of the moment of driving forces; the impossibility of limiting the momentum of the driving forces; lack of a pointer (indicator) of the moment of driving forces; the long duration of the process of reversing the spindle using an electric switch, associated with the need to stop all moving parts of the machine and their subsequent acceleration to the rated speed.

The closest technical solution to the claimed invention is a screwdriver key ШВ2М, comprising a frame with a trolley and an outrigger, a motor block, a control unit with handles and a working block with a spindle and interchangeable heads, a motor and working blocks and a control block connected to the frame through a parallelogram suspension, made in the form of an engine, gearbox, two-speed gearbox, coupler with a control screw and associated torque limiter of the driving forces, the position of the ulirovochnogo screws is tracked on a scale indicator (Travel mechanisms and tools / Ed N.A.Karpova -... M .: Transport, 1984. - S.248-252).

The disadvantages of the ШВ2М key are: unbalanced suspension of the motor and working blocks and the control unit on the frame, which creates a significant inconvenience of manipulating the working block; inconvenient control procedures and torque limits for driving forces; the need to recalculate the indicator readings in the values of the moment of the driving forces at various spindle speeds; the long duration of the process of reversing the spindle using an electric switch, associated with the need to stop all moving parts of the machine and their subsequent acceleration to the rated speed. These shortcomings reduce the efficiency and productivity.

The task to which the claimed invention is directed is to increase the efficiency and productivity and improve the usability of the key due to the rational layout and weight distribution of its nodes, the most convenient procedures for regulating and indicating the moment of driving forces and reversing the spindle.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that the screwdriver wrench containing a frame with a trolley and an outrigger, a motor unit, a control unit with handles and a working unit with a spindle and interchangeable heads, is arranged in such a way that the motor unit is fixed at one end of the frame, and the control unit and the working unit on the other, in the middle part of the frame there is a bracket pivotally connected to the trolley, the hinge being in the vertical plane of the center of mass of the device, one of the arms is made as part of a movable friction half-coupling in the form of a rocker arm, which is pivotally connected to the control unit body, is passed through slots in the sleeve with a piston mounted on the body, and interacts through the piston with the end face of a screw screwed into the nut connected to the said sleeve with the possibility of one-way translational displacement and spring-loaded relative to it, the rocker arm is provided in its middle part with a stop interacting with the end of the lever fastened to the gear sector, rotatable and spring-loaded relative but the housing and its teeth engaged with the teeth of the gear, rotatable relative to the housing and equipped with a direction indicator relative to the scale on the housing with a double tick mark proportional to the angle of rotation of the rocker arm and the moment of driving forces on one (first price) and the other (second price ) the spindle speed, the rocker arm at its end in the area of the handle is pivotally connected to a lever inserted into the connection by a flexible two-way connection with a spring-loaded rod relative to the housing of the working unit Mr equipped with a crosspiece inserted into the slot of the coupling half double reverse, movable relative to the spindle shaft.

New in comparison with the prototype in the inventive device are the following features:

- a new geometric form of structural elements:

one of the handles of the control unit is made as part of a movable friction half-coupling in the form of a rocker arm pivotally connected to the body of the control unit;

the scale on the control unit housing is made with a double division price proportional to the angle of rotation of the rocker arm and the moment of the driving forces on one (first price) and another (second price) spindle speeds;

- new structural elements:

a bracket fixed in the middle of the frame and pivotally connected to the trolley, the hinge being in the vertical plane of the center of mass of the device;

a sleeve with a piston on the housing of the control unit, wherein the sleeve and piston are made with slots;

a screw screwed into a nut connected to a sleeve;

emphasis in the middle of the rocker arm;

gear sector with a lever, rotary and spring-loaded relative to the housing of the control unit;

gear with direction indicator, rotatable relative to the housing of the control unit;

a lever pivotally connected to the handle-beam in the area of the handle;

a slider rod, spring loaded relative to the housing of the working unit and provided with a cross member inserted into the slot of the double reverse coupling half, movable relative to the spindle shaft;

flexible two-way communication of the lever with the slide rod;

- new relative arrangements of elements:

the motor unit is fastened to one, and the control unit and the working unit to the other end of the frame;

the rocker arm is passed through the slots in the sleeve with the piston and interacts through the piston with the end face of the screw;

the nut is made with the possibility of unilateral translational displacement relative to the sleeve and spring-loaded relative to it;

the emphasis in the middle part of the rocker arm is made with the possibility of interaction with the end of the lever on the gear sector.

The listed new features in the proposed combination provide a solution to the problem, providing the implementation of the possibility of simple and easy operation management and control of operating modes using almost one rocker arm. These signs characterize the novelty of the device and, in comparison with the prototype, increase the efficiency and productivity of work, which is a consequence of the following factors:

- with the proposed placement of the motor and working unit and the control unit on the frame, the balance of the entire device is ensured, there is no reactive moment, which leads to minimization of loads on the operator’s hands and, in particular, vibration loads and to a more stable position of the key on the railway track;

- installation on the housing of the control unit of the sleeve with a piston, through the slots of which the handle-beam is passed, made as part of the movable friction half-coupling, leads to the manifestation of the property of limiting the greatest magnitude of the moment of the driving forces and simple regulation of this value by manipulating the handle-beam and the elements of the device located in the area of the rocker arm;

- the implementation of the scale on the body of the control unit with a double tick mark leads to the manifestation of the property of simple, without counting, registration of the magnitude of the moment of the moving forces at both spindle speeds, when the moments of the moving forces differ significantly;

- the connection of the rocker arm through the lever, a flexible two-way connection and the slide-rod with the reverse coupling half leads to the possibility of spindle reversal by manipulating the rocker arm;

- the proposed constructive implementation of the rocker arm and other elements of the device located in the area of the rocker arm, leads to the manifestation of new supertotal properties - the ability to manipulate only one handle-rocker to feed the working unit with the spindle, turn it on and off (put in rotation and stop) the spindle, change the moment of forces rotating the spindle from zero to the required value, visually record the value of this moment.

The above gives reason to conclude that the proposed technical solution meets the criterion of "novelty." In addition, the inventive device meets the criterion of "inventive step", as it for a specialist does not explicitly follow from the level of development of technology and cannot be developed using well-known methods, techniques, methods and techniques for constructing machines and mechanisms.

The inventive screw driver is illustrated by drawings, where in Fig.1 shows a structural diagram of a device; figure 2 - its side view; figure 3 - appearance of the key from the end; figure 4 - control unit, top view; figure 5 - control unit and the working unit in the context; figure 6 - mechanism for adjusting and limiting the moment of driving forces in the context.

According to figure 1, 2, the screwdriver key contains a frame 1 with a trolley 2 and an outrigger 3, a motor unit 4, a control unit 5 with arms 6 and 7 and a working unit 8 with a spindle 9 and a replaceable head 10 are placed on the frame.

The frame 1 is made tubular with a motor unit 4 at one end and a control unit 5 and a working unit 8 at the other. The frame is equipped with a bracket 11 with a hinge 12 connecting with the truck 2. The bracket 11 with the hinge 12 is fixed in the middle of the frame 1 so that the hinge is in the vertical plane of the center of mass of the device. To ensure the balance of the entire device, the bracket 11 is made with the possibility of displacement along the frame and fixation in the required place. This arrangement and weight distribution (balancing) of the screwdriver's key allows you to sharply reduce the reactive moment on the handles 6 and 7, provides a more stable position on the path, significantly reduces the working and vibration loads on the operator's hands. Inside the frame are the key drive elements: a hinged clutch 13 and a spline clutch 14 for connecting the shaft 15 of the engine 16 with the input shaft of the control unit 5.

The control unit 5 (Figs. 1-5) comprises a left 6 and a right 7 handle, controlled by a coupling (in particular friction conical) clutch 17, a gearbox 18 (in particular, two-speed). The control unit 5 is docked with the working unit 8, with the spindle 9 and the replaceable head 10. Using the handles 6 and 7, the spindle 9 is fed with the replaceable head 10 by turning the entire device relative to the hinge 12. One of the handles (handle 7, distant in FIG. 1, 2, the right one in Fig. 3, the upper one in Fig. 4) is made as part of the movable friction inlet coupling half 19 in contact with the housing of the release, spring-loaded bearing 21, made with the possibility of translational movement along the input shaft 20. In this lower part, this handle like a rocker pivotally (hinged 22) is connected to the housing of the control unit 5 and is provided in its middle part with a stop 23 made to interact with the end of the lever 24, fastened to the gear sector 25, rotatable and spring-loaded (spring 26) relative to the housing. The sector 25 is engaged in gearing with the teeth of the gear 27, rotatable relative to the housing and provided with an arrow turn indicator 28 relative to the scale 29 on the housing with a double tick mark proportional to the angle of rotation of the rocker arm 7 (and therefore, the shift of the input coupling half 19 along the shaft 20 and the force of pressing it to the output coupling half 30, fastened to the shaft 31 - the input shaft of the gearbox 18) and the moment of the driving forces on one (first price) and the other (second price) spindle speed 9. For switching speeds, the control unit 5 is equipped with a handle 32. Elements 24 to 29 comprise a torque indicator unit.

The handle-rocker 7 is passed through the slots in the sleeve 33 mounted on the housing (Fig. 6) with a spring-loaded piston 34 (a hole-slot for the rocker arm 7 is also made in the piston) and is made to interact through the piston with the end face of the screw 35 screwed into a nut 36 connected to the sleeve 33 with the possibility of unilateral translational displacement and spring-loaded (by a spring 37) relative to it. The screw 35 at its free end is equipped with a handle 38 (for example, a ball), the rod of which is passed through the hole in the end nut that regulates the compression of the spring 37. Elements 33 - 38, shown in Fig.6, make up a block (mechanism) for adjusting and limiting the moment of moving forces.

The working unit 8 (Fig. 5) contains a bevel gear mechanism 39 for reversing the rotation of the spindle shaft 9. The rocker-arm 7 (Figs. 1-5) at the free end in the area of the handle 40 (for covering the operator’s hand) is pivotally connected to the lever 41, introduced into the connection (in particular, articulated) by a flexible two-way connection 42 (in particular, in the form of a flexible cable or roller) with a slide-rod 43 spring-loaded relative to the housing of the working unit 8, provided with a cross member 44 inserted into the slot doubled movable relative to the spindle shaft 9 coupling halves 45 of the reverse mechanism 39. N rocker-arm 7 in the handle section 40 set the switching device 46 and engine shutdown.

The proposed screwdriver key works as follows.

First, on the spindle shaft 9 install a replaceable (working) head 10, necessary to perform a specific job. Then, the outrigger 3 is mounted on the trolley 2. By turning the handle 32, the required rotation speed of the spindle shaft 9 is set, greater when assembling new fasteners or lower when disassembling old, rusted, damaged fasteners. After that, pressing the rocker arm 7 and simultaneously rotating the handle 38 of the mechanism for adjusting and limiting the torque of the driving forces, set the required moment on the scale 29. With this pressure and rotation, rotate the rocker arm 7 relative to the hinge 22, disengage the bearing 21 and the input the friction coupling half 19 on the shaft 20, pressing it to the output friction coupling half 30, providing the required moment of driving forces on the spindle shaft 9, less when assembling new fasteners or more when disassembling old, rusted, damaged nnyh bonds. The required moment of driving forces is provided and limited by rotating the screw 35 by the handle 38: screwing (for smaller moments) or turning it out (for larger moments) into a one-way spring-loaded nut-slider 36 in the sleeve 33 on the housing. At the same time, through the spring-loaded piston 34, the slit face on the specified sleeve acts on the rocker arm 7, restricting its rotation in the position corresponding to the required moment of the driving forces. This moment of forces is indicated (tracked) by the position of the arrow of the arrow pointer 28 relative to the scale 29 on the control unit housing 5 at a tick mark corresponding to the set spindle speed 9. The position of the arrow 28 is set by pressing the stop 23 on the rocker arm 7 (when turning the latter) on the lever 24, turning the lever 24 together with the gear sector 25 and through the gearing gear 27 with the arrow 28. Using the spring 26 carry out the return gear 27 with the arrow 28 and the gear sector 25 with the lever 24, supporting Continuous contact of the lever 24 with the emphasis 23.

Then connect the motor unit 4 to the power source, turn it on (device 46) and set the desired direction of rotation of the spindle shaft 9 (one when assembling the fasteners, the other when disassembling them). This installation is carried out by turning the lever 41 relative to the rocker arm 7, shifting through the flexible two-way connection 42 the rod-slider 43 relative to the housing of the working unit 8. At the same time, the cross member 44 acts on the end face of the slot of the double coupling half 45 of the reverse mechanism 39, displacing it accordingly along the shaft -spindle 9 and realizing the upper or lower engagement of the bevel gears of the reverse mechanism 39.

When wrapping nuts and screws, a replaceable head 10 is installed on the nut or screw (by correspondingly manipulating the handles 6 and 7), press the rocker arm 7, turning it all the way through the piston 34 into the end face of the screw 35 of the torque regulator until the first tangible stop. In this case, the nut or screw is tightened with the moment of driving forces set on the moment indicator, before the clutch 17 starts slipping. Then the rocker-arm 7 is lifted, turning it (counterclockwise in Figs. 1, 2) until it stops against the left side of the slot on the sleeve 33, and behind the handle 6 and 7 using the trolley 2 and the outrigger 3 move the device to the next bond, and then repeat the operation.

When unscrewing the nuts and screws, the lever 41 is turned relative to the rocker arm 7, pulling it up, and through the flexible two-way connection 42, the slider 43 and the cross member 44, displacing the coupling half 45 of the reverse mechanism 39, provide a change in the direction of rotation of the spindle 9. Then, manipulating with the handles 6 and 7, install the interchangeable head 10 on the nut or screw, push the rocker arm 7 all the way through the piston 34 into the end face of the stop screw 35. In this case, the nut or screw is loosened with the moment of driving forces set on the indicator the cop. After unscrewing, raise the handle-rocker 7 up, move the device to the next bond and repeat the operation.

The above manipulations on turning the device into operation, reversing the spindle 9, actuating the friction clutch 17 with limiting the moment of driving forces to the required value and indicating (fixing) it is carried out with one hand using only one rocker arm 7, which greatly simplifies the work with a screwdriver key and improves work efficiency.

The feed movement of the device is carried out by turning the frame 1 using the handles 6 and 7 relative to the hinge 12 connecting the bracket 11 with the trolley 2.

The proposed implementation of the mechanism 33-38 (Fig.6) adjusting the moment of the driving forces allows in extreme cases (when loosening the nuts and screws of old-time fasteners, badly clogged threads and rusted and bent bolt joints) to realize an additional increase for a short time (approximately 1.2 times) the moment of the driving forces, when they press the handle-rocker 7 with additional force, turn it and, overcoming the resistance of the spring 37, adjusted accordingly, move the screw 35 with the nut 36 through the piston 34 flax sleeve 33 (Fig.6 from left to right). In this way, the rocker arm 7 can be rotated by an additional angle, and the coupling half 19 is pressed closer to the coupling half 30, realizing the indicated effect. These actions can be carried out in non-extreme situations, increasing without overshoot by about 1.2 times the actual moment of the driving forces compared to its value set using the torque adjustment mechanism.

The authors of the invention developed working documentation, manufactured and tested several prototypes of a screwdriver key driven by an electric motor and from internal combustion engines of two types with different power. Their tests showed that, compared with the prototype, the proposed device is more efficient in operation, simple and convenient to operate and operate, has a lower level of vibration loads on the operator’s hands, more productive and most controlled and customizable. It provides a wide range of moments of driving forces (from 0 to 250 N · m in high-speed gear and from 0 to 1100 N · m in low-speed), fine tuning with limitation and fixation of these moments. With a nominal spindle speed of 100-160 rpm in high speed gear and 20.0-32.5 rpm in low speed, the rated motor power is 3.0-6.6 kW. The mass of the device is 110 kg. Bonding processing time is a few seconds. The main performance indicators of the proposed device are 15-45% higher than the prototype.

Claims (1)

A screwdriver wrench containing a frame with a trolley and an outrigger, an engine block placed on the frame, a control unit with handles and a working unit with a spindle and interchangeable heads, characterized in that the motor unit is fixed at one end of the frame, and the control unit and working unit are mounted on another, in the middle part of the frame there is a bracket pivotally connected to the trolley, the hinge being in the vertical plane of the center of mass of the device, one of the arms is made as part of the movable friction half coupling in the form of a rocker arm, which the hinge is pivotally connected to the housing of the control unit, passed through slots in the sleeve with a piston mounted on the body, and interacts through the piston with the end of the screw screwed into the nut connected to the said sleeve with the possibility of unilateral translational displacement and spring-loaded relative to it; in the middle part with an emphasis interacting with the end of the lever fastened to the gear sector, rotatable and spring-loaded relative to the body and engaged with its teeth in engagement with the teeth of the pole pivoting relative to the casing and equipped with a direction indicator relative to the scale on the casing with a double tick mark proportional to the angle of rotation of the rocker arm and the moment of driving forces at both spindle speeds, the rocker arm at its end in the handle zone is pivotally connected to the lever introduced in connection with a flexible two-way communication with a slide-rod, spring-loaded relative to the housing of the working unit, equipped with a cross member inserted into the slot of the double reverse coupling half, a movable relative on the spindle shaft.

Images