RU2333431C2 - Water-heater - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heating.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to energetics and can be used in direct-flow water heaters. In the water-heaters with a heating module, which in its heating section, at least, in the main annular internal space is connected to a supply and drainage, contains, at least one tubular heating element, the heating section has an interruption on the course or the ring, which defines two separate beginnings of the route of flow. At the break there is an inlet zone at the beginning of the course of the flow. The outlet device of the heating section connected with the discharge, removed from the inlet zone and located such that both routes of flow have approximately identical length from the inlet to the outlet device. During the working of such a water heater there is no uncontrollable mixing of cold and hot water, and parts of the heater with increased energy release are well cooled, which increases the operational reliability and increases durability of the heating element.

EFFECT: increase in the operational reliability of a heating element and increase in durability.

2 dwg, 14 cl

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to a water heater in accordance with the restrictive part of paragraph 1 of the claims.

State of the art

In the heating section of the water heater known from patent document DE 10130610 A, there is an annular cavity in which a tubular heating element with two heating stages is located, and in which water flows along the ring in one direction. With this design, undesirable mixing of cold water with heated is possible. Due to sharp bends and outwardly directed heat conduction of the tubular heating element, the tubular heating element has sections with a large specific energy release that are not sufficiently cooled in the annular cavity closed around the perimeter.

Disclosure of invention

The basis of the invention is the task of creating a water heater of the type mentioned above, during operation of which uncontrolled mixing of cold and heated water does not occur, and in the heating section of which the critical zone of the tubular heating element, characterized by a large specific energy release, is intensively cooled.

The problem is solved in a water heater, in particular in a shower water heater with a heating module, which in the heating section of its at least substantially annular inner space adjacent to the supply and drain contains at least one tubular heating element ( K1, K2), in that the heating section has an interruption along the ring defining two separate beginning (13, 14) of the flow paths, that an interruption has an inlet zone to the beginning (13, 14) of the flow paths, and that the outlet device in (15) of the heating section connected to the drain of the heating module, is remote from the inlet zone and is located so that both flow paths (R1, R2) have approximately the same length from the inlet zone to the exhaust device (15).

At the same time, in the inlet zone inside the interruption, two separate inlet tracts branching from the inlet channel (11) are provided (12) to the beginning (13, 14) of the flow paths in the heating section.

The exhaust device (15) is a common outlet for both flow paths (R1, R2) of the outlet (16) in the heating section.

The heating section before the interruption has the shape of a ring, and the inlet channel (11) extends into the ring to the inlet pipe (4) located there, formed in the heating module, and between the drain pipe (6) located on the outer side of the ring near the interruption and the outlet device ( 15) runs at least one outlet channel (7) passing along the outer side of the ring.

The inlet is located on the outer side of the ring and from the inlet to the nozzle (4) lies the inlet channel (5) passing over the interruption, preferably in the form of an insertion part.

Interruption within the ring takes from about one third to one fifth, and preferably about one quarter, of the total length of the ring.

The tubular heating element (K1, K2) in the heating section can pass through from one beginning (13) of the flow path to the other beginning (14) of the flow path and can have two bends (19) at an angle of about 90 ° to the connecting ends (17), and at the turning points, the tubular heating element may have a bend (22, 20) at an angle of 180 °, while the bends (19, 20, 22) are located near the beginning (13, 14) of the flow paths.

At least two tubular heating elements (K1, K2) of similar configuration with spaced connecting ends (17) are arranged in the heating section.

The integral tubular heating element (K1) in the heating section in the plane of the ring and perpendicular to the plane of the ring is made in the form of several, preferably two, loops, and the bends (22, 20) formed between the loops (18, 23) are located at an angle of 180 ° near the beginnings (13, 14) flow paths.

The plane of the ring of the heating section when the water heater is installed in the working and mounted position with the downward-facing interruption and the outlet device (15) located on top is located almost vertically, with the supply and drain located below.

A bimetallic switch is installed in the heating section near the outlet device (15).

The cross section of the heating section is many times greater than the cross section of each inlet (12) and outlet (15) or outlet (16), so that the heating section forms an intermediate water reservoir.

The heating module has a substantially circular shape and consists of two interconnected plastic molded parts (1, 2) made by injection molding, in one molded part (1) a heating section is formed in the form of a recess with an approximately U-shaped cross section and an interruption section with zones of the intake ducts (12) and the exhaust channel (7), and in another shaped part (2), a substantially smooth cover for the heating section and another interruption section with the zones of the inlet tracts (12) and the exhaust channel ( 7).

Since a gap in the existing annular form (referred to as "interruption") prevents the circular circulation of water and forces the water to flow in two ways or routes to the outlet device, mixing of cold and warm water is excluded. Since always certain flow conditions are created, and cold water must enter the heating section in predetermined areas, the critical sections of each heating element, which are critical due to the high energy density, can be located there so that they will be very well cooled. This increases operational reliability and increases the durability of each tubular heating element.

In the entrance zone, it is advisable to provide two separate inlet tracts to the heating section. Due to this, favorable hydrodynamic conditions are created along each flow path during flow, so that continuously flowing water gradually warms up at the outlet device and at the exit from the heating section has the highest temperature. When leaking, there is no mixing of cold and warm water.

In the exhaust device, it would be possible, in appropriate cases, to provide separate reception and separate further direction of each stream. However, preference should be given to a solution in which only one common outlet is provided for both flow paths.

With the exception of interruption, the heating section has a generally annular shape. The inlet channel extends outside the heating section inside the ring in which it reaches the nozzle of the receiving channel located there. Between the outlet pipe mounted on the outer side of the ring near the interruption and the outlet device, at least one outlet channel extends along the outside of the ring. With this solution, the paths of the flows of cold and warm water are separated by such a distance that no undesirable heat exchange occurs, although the inlet and outlet are located almost next to each other.

From the pipe located inside the ring, at which the inlet channel starts, it runs, starting from the receiving pipe, passing through the interruption of the receiving channel. It can be an insert part installed during the final assembly of the heating module. Thanks to this, unwanted heat transfer from hot to cold water is reliably eliminated.

It is advisable that the length of the interruption does not exceed approximately one third to one fifth of the total length of the ring, preferably occupying one quarter of this length. This interruption size allows neat intake paths to be provided to provide directional and smooth flow in each flow. On the other hand, the interruption should be as small as possible in order to obtain the largest possible volume of the heating section and, possibly, the longer flow paths in the ring heating module.

Based on the design considerations of the heating module and the optimal use of the heating power, it is desirable that at least one tubular heating element in the heating section stretches continuously from one beginning of the flow path to the other beginning of the flow path, without, however, passing through the interruption.

In one expedient embodiment, the tubular heating element in the heating section is formed with two bends of 90 ° at its connecting ends and with a bend of 180 ° in the section of rotation back, and bends are formed near the beginning of both flow paths. Due to this arrangement, the bends critical due to the high energy density are very well cooled when flowing in with incoming cold water.

In another preferred embodiment, at least two tubular heating elements of a similar configuration with offset connecting ends are arranged one above the other in the heating section. A water heater can work, for example, at two power levels. In each tubular heating element, critical areas due to the high energy density are very well cooled by incoming cold water.

In yet another embodiment, only one integral tubular heating element is provided in the heating section, this tubular heating element forming several loops, preferably two loops, in the plane of the ring and perpendicular to the plane of the ring. For intensive cooling of critical sections of the tubular heating element, they should be located near the beginning of the flow paths.

When the operating position of the water heater is mounted, the plane of the ring of the heating section should be located mainly vertically with an interruption facing down and an outlet device located on top, with the supply and drain can be below. Such a mounted position facilitates the flow along both flows, since the heating water, in accordance with the laws of physics, tends upward and flows upstream to the exhaust device. At the outlet, the water temperature is always maximum.

Since the maximum water temperature takes place at the top of the exhaust device, it may be appropriate to place a bimetallic switch there, in the heating section, which turns off the power when overheating or malfunctions, or issues a parameter for regulating the heating power.

The cross section of the heating section must be several times greater than the cross section of each inlet channel and the exhaust device or outlet, so that an intermediate reservoir of water of a sufficiently large volume is formed. This makes it possible to have, at short breaks in the flow, a sufficient amount of hot water that can be consumed, as a result of which the water heater can again immediately dispense hot water without a noticeable starting period.

In one preferred embodiment, the heating module has a substantially circular shape. It consists of two interconnected plastic molded parts made by injection molding, which, in large-scale production, can be manufactured with all parts at relatively low cost. With the circular shape of the heating module, a solution arises, in which both flows are directed in an arc from the inlet zone first to the outside, and then to the outlet again inward. However, in an alternative embodiment, one could choose for both streams a different, non-arc, shape. In this alternative embodiment, the flows could be in the form of a polygon or located near the center of the circle.

Brief List of Drawings

Embodiments of the subject invention are explained using the drawings.

They show:

figure 1 is a top view in perspective projection (with the casing removed) in the first embodiment and without heating elements, and

figure 2 is a bottom view depicted in figure 1 shaped parts of a water heater in another embodiment.

The implementation of the invention

The water heater shown in FIG. 1 is, for example, the so-called Shower Heater, which, in the installation and operating position shown in FIG. 1, serves to provide at least one shower with warm water. The design principle of a water heater described below is generally applicable to other instantaneous heaters and similar household appliances.

The main part of the water heater W in FIG. 1 is a round heating module M, consisting, for example, of two interconnected, for example, welded, plastic fittings 1, 2, made by injection molding. In the operating position, the water heater is closed by a casing, not shown in FIG. 1, made, for example, in the form of a hemisphere and mounted on the heating module H, so that the edge of the opening of the casing is closely adjacent to most of the perimeter of the heating module N.

Cold water flows into the heating module M through the inlet Z. Hot water flows from drain A. Supply Z and drain A in the illustrated embodiment are located below and are spatially separated from each other. Shaped parts 1, 2 limit the inside of the heating section H, which in the shown embodiment is located in the inlet zone E in the form of a ring extending to the interruption U. For example, a clip 3 can be formed in the shaped part 1 into which a bimetal switch B can be inserted The holder 3 is located in that part of the heating section in which the heated water has a maximum temperature. Shaped parts 1, 2 jointly limit the membrane sensor D, which is designed for switching on a preferably selected heating power depending on the flowing water flow rate and interacting with a Venturi nozzle not shown here located inside to create the required switching force due to the occurrence of differential pressure.

From the inlet Z on the outer side of the ring, the inlet channel 5 passes to the nozzle 4 formed on the shaped part 1. The inlet channel can be, for example, an inserted part passing over the wall of the shaped part 1 determining U interruption. On the outside of the heating section H to the drain pipe 6 And the exhaust channel 7 passes, having in this case also an arc shape. In the cover of the heating section H, passage openings 8a, 8b (respectively in pairs) are formed near the interruption U for connecting tubular heating elements K1, K2 (not shown in FIG. 1). If the water heater W only works with one tubular heating element K1, then only one pair of passage openings 8a or 8b is required.

The direction of flows in the heating module M and the location of the tubular heating element or tubular heating elements are explained below using figures 1 and 2.

Figure 2 shows a bottom view of the shaped part 1 of figure 1, but in another embodiment, with only one tubular heating element K1, made in the form of a loop-shaped, namely consisting of two loops of the element. The heating section H is the following U-shaped recess 9 along the annular contour, open to the plane of the drawing, and when the heating module M is fully assembled, closed by a smooth, basically, cover of the other shaped part 2. The recess 9 on both sides of the contour is limited by sealing or welded edges 10. From the pipe 4 into the inlet zone E of the interruption U of the annular shape passes the inlet channel 11.

In the inlet channel 11, for example, the already mentioned Venturi nozzle can be placed, namely either as a separately manufactured and inserted part, or in the form of an element directly formed in the inlet channel. The inlet channel 11 branches in the interruption U into two separate inlet paths 12. Each inlet path 12 enters the heating section at the starting point 13 or 14 of the flow path, i.e. into the recess 9. Diametrically opposite the branch point of the inlet channel 11 into two inlet paths 12 in the heating section is an outlet device 15, for example, with separate openings or, as shown in the drawing, with one outlet. At the same time, from the starting points 13, 14 of the flow paths, two separate flow paths R1, R2 converge to a common outlet device 15. An outlet channel 7 is connected to the outlet 16, leading to the nozzle 6 and the drain A. Where appropriate, may be provided two outlet channels 7 extending along an arc along the outside of the heating section N.

The tubular heating element K1 shown in FIG. 2 has two connecting ends 17 that are practically perpendicular to the plane of the drawing, outwardly, for example, through passage holes 8a and 8b in the shaped part 1 or, as can be understood from FIG. 2, through another shaped part 2 Between each connecting end 17 and the loop 18 of the tubular heating element K1 extending in the heating section H, a bend 19 is formed at an angle of 90 °. The loop 18 of the tubular heating element K1 extends inside the heating section H to another beginning Flax point 14 tracks stream where it pivots 20 on the outside and 180 ° in a loop 21, 22 is to rotate 180 ° downwards. From there, the next loop 23 passes under the loop 21 again to another starting point 14 of the flow path, where it, as in the bend 20 by 180 °, bends inward under it and goes back to the other connecting end. The bends 19, 22, 20, critical due to the high energy density, are located close to the starting points 13, 14 of the first and second flow paths, so that when they flow they are constantly cooled continuously by the flowing cold water.

Interruption U occupies an arc X in the ring spanning from about one third to one fifth, preferably about one fourth of the entire length of the ring.

Due to the large distance between the starting points 13, 14 of the flow paths and the exhaust device 15, cold water cannot mix with warm.

The maximum water temperature always takes place near the exhaust device 15. Critical areas of the tubular heating element, which are critical due to the high heat density, are intensively cooled by the flowing cold water.

In the embodiment of FIG. 1, two tubular heating elements K1, K2 can be integrated, which in this case are expediently located one above the other in the heating section H and at the same time are spaced from each other and from the inner walls of the heating section.

Claims (14)

1. A water heater, in particular a shower water heater with a heating module, which comprises at least one tubular heating element (K1, K2 in the heating section of its at least basically annular interior adjacent to the supply and discharge) ), characterized in that the heating section has an interruption along the ring defining two separate beginning (13, 14) of the flow paths, that an interruption has an inlet zone to the beginning (13, 14) of the flow paths and that the exhaust device (15) is a heater section connected to the drain of the heating module, is removed from the inlet zone and is located so that both flow paths (R1, R2) are approximately the same length from the inlet zone to the exhaust device (15). 2. A water heater according to claim 1, characterized in that in the inlet zone, inside the interruption, there are two branching inlet ducts (12) branching from the inlet channel (11) to the beginning (13, 14) of the flow paths in the heating section. 3. A water heater according to claim 1, characterized in that the outlet device (15) is a discharge outlet (16) common to both flow paths (R1, R2) in the heating section. 4. A water heater according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the heating section prior to interruption has a ring shape, that the inlet channel (11) extends into the ring to the supply pipe located in the heating module, which is located there, and that between located on the outer side of the ring near the interruption of the discharge pipe (6) and the exhaust device (15) lies at least one outlet channel (7) passing along the outer side of the ring. 5. A water heater according to claim 4, characterized in that the inlet is located on the outer side of the ring and that from the inlet to the pipe (4) there passes the inlet channel (5) passing over the interruption, preferably in the form of an insertion part. 6. The water heater according to claim 1, characterized in that the interruption inside the ring takes from about one third to one fifth, and preferably about one quarter of the total length of the ring. 7. The water heater according to claim 1, characterized in that the tubular heating element (K1, K2) in the heating section passes through from one beginning (13) of the flow path to another beginning (14) of the flow path. 8. The water heater according to claim 1, characterized in that the tubular heating element (K1, K2) in the heating section has two bends (19) at an angle of about 90 ° to the connecting ends (17) and at the turning points of the tubular heating element has a bend ( 22, 20) at an angle of 180 ° and that the bends (19, 20, 22) are located near the beginning (13, 14) of the flow paths. 9. A water heater according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that at least two tubular heating elements (K1, K2) of similar configuration with spaced connecting ends (17) are arranged in the heating section. 10. A water heater according to claim 7, characterized in that the integral tubular heating element (K1) in the heating section in the plane of the ring and perpendicular to the plane of the ring is made in the form of several, preferably two, loops and that formed between the loops (18, 23) bends (22, 20) at an angle of 180 ° are located near the beginning (13, 14) of the flow paths. 11. The water heater according to claim 1, characterized in that the plane of the ring of the heating section when the water heater is installed in the installed and mounted position with the downward-facing interruption and the outlet device (15) located on top is located almost vertically, with the supply and drain located at the bottom. 12. A water heater according to claim 1, characterized in that a bimetallic switch is installed in the heating section near the exhaust device (15). 13. A water heater according to claim 2, characterized in that the cross section of the heating section is many times greater than the cross section of each inlet tract (12) and exhaust device (15) or outlet (16), so that the heating section forms an intermediate water reservoir. 14. A water heater according to claim 2, characterized in that the heating module has a substantially circular shape and consists of two interconnected plastic molded parts (1, 2) made by injection molding, which form a heating mold in one molded part (1) a section in the form of a recess with an approximately U-shaped cross-section and an interruption section with zones of inlet ducts (12) and an outlet channel (7) and, in another shaped part (2), a substantially smooth cover for the heating section and another interruption section from the zones are formed the inlet ducts (12) and the exhaust duct (7).

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