RU2330592C1 - Filter for cigarettes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: tobacco goods.

SUBSTANCE: invention may be used for production of cigarettes with combined filters, which contain interlayers with sorbents that capture part of tobacco pyrolysis toxic products. Cigarette filter consists of separate parts made of organic polymer fibers with adsorbing substance between these parts, which is dihydroquercetin in amount of 4-40 mg/cigarette. At that dihydroquercetin may be used in the form of finely ground powder with size of particles of 5-20 micrometer or granules with diameter of not more than 0.2 mm. Filter efficiently absorbs carbon oxide, nitrogen oxide, resin, nicotine, carcinogenic metals and volatile N-nitroso compounds from tobacco smoke.

EFFECT: reduction of negative effect of free radicals and risk of lungs cancer.

3 cl, 1 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to the tobacco industry and can be used in the manufacture of combined cigarette filters with solid sorbent additives.

Substances formed during the pyrolysis of tobacco and inhaled by smokers have a wide range of harmful effects.

In the process of smoking, free radicals are also formed. Studies show that free radicals have mutagenic properties, contribute to the formation of respiratory tract cancer, cardiovascular disease. Currently known filters for cigarettes are not sufficiently effective in sorbing toxic substances contained in tobacco smoke, therefore, the task of improving such filters is relevant.

Various filters are known that reduce the toxic substances content in tobacco smoke, made of fibers of an organic polymer, for example, acetate, cellulose or cellulose acetate fibers with substances (additives) deposited on it or placed between the fibers and having adsorption properties. As such substances, simple substances such as water-soluble salts of divalent metals (for example, iron acetate, copper acetate, zinc sulfate, etc.) that readily bind nicotine (US Patent No. 4,397,321, CL A24D 15/28, 1983) can be used. ), and organic acids (for example, salicylic) that bind the aldehydes contained in tobacco smoke (RF Patent No. 2045921, CL A24D 3/16, 1995). The adsorbent substances included in tobacco filters may be complex synthetic substances or substances of natural origin. Known filters containing polysaccharide additives to reduce the mutagenic effect of tobacco smoke condensate (RF Patent No. 2096005, CL A24D 3/08, 1997). Filters are known which include biological additives as adsorbents, for example, mycelium Polyporaceae bacidiomycetes (US Patent No. 4735218, CL A24D 3/08, 1988) or algae chlorella and spirulina in combination with activated carbon (US Patent No. 4756319, cl . A24D 3/14, 1988), which increase the efficiency of sorption of aromatic hydrocarbons.

A known filter for cigarettes containing a combined additive deposited on the fibers of a paper web consisting of solid and liquid sorbents, an aqueous solution of sorbitol in an amount of 5-25% by weight of the filter is used as a liquid sorbent, and a powdered calcium hydroxide in an amount of 9 is a solid sorbent -18% by weight of the filter (RF Patent No. 2197877, class A24D 3/06, publ. 02/10/2003).

The known filter allows you to comprehensively remove harmful components from the solid-liquid and gas phases of cigarette smoke, however, it does not fully capture the N-nitroso compounds.

The closest to the claimed filter, the prototype is a filter for cigarettes, consisting of separate parts (sections) and placed between these sections of the adsorbing agent in the form of lignin in the amount of 22-66 mg / cigarette. (RF patent No.2010545, class A24D 3/14, publ. 15.04.94). The known filter allows to reduce the content of tar, nicotine, carbon monoxide and volatile nitrosamines in tobacco smoke by an average of 20.2% - by resin; 68.5% for nicotine; 58.8% for carbon monoxide and 87.5% for volatile nitrosamines. Lignin is one of the main structural components of plants, especially wood. The known filter does not effectively capture harmful components of the solid-liquid and gas phases of cigarette smoke, in particular nitric oxide.

An object of the invention is to increase the selective selectivity of the filter to capture the toxic components of cigarette smoke.

The stated technical problem is achieved in that the filter for cigarettes, consisting of individual parts made of fibers of an organic polymer with an adsorbing agent between these parts, contains 4-40 mg / cigarette dihydroquercetin (DHQ) as an adsorbing agent. In this case, the DHQ can be used in the form of finely ground powder with a particle size of 5-20 μm or granules with a diameter of not more than 0.2 mm.

Dihydroquercetin (DHQ) is a flavonoid of natural origin, with a wide spectrum of biological activity, in particular with the highest degree of antioxidant activity, a natural preservative, and a source of vitamin P. The structure of DHQ obtained by mechanical grinding contains almost no altered elements and most corresponds to DHQ in its natural condition.

The proposed filter for cigarettes constructively can be performed by all known technological methods that are used in the manufacture of combined cigarette filters with solid sorbent additives.

Cigarettes are made from a tobacco bag that is as close as possible to a production one for full-bodied cigarettes, using high-smoking cigarette paper, a perforated rim and a cellulose, cellulose acetate or acetate filter 20 mm long. Dihydroquercetin in the form of a powder is introduced into the filter composition in the form of a powder, mainly in an amount of 4-25 mg / cigarette, or granules, mainly in an amount of 10-40 mg / cigarette. The controls are cigarettes made from the same tobacco bags, with the same cigarette wrapping paper and the same filters without the introduction of dihydroquercetin.

Then each batch of cigarettes is kept in climatic cabinets and sorted on special scales by weight into several groups. After that, all groups of cigarettes are passed through the device to determine puff resistance, and only those cigarettes whose fluctuation in puff resistance is not more than ± 5% of the average value are selected for smoke toxicity studies.

Then, the content of wet and dry condensate in the smoke of cigarettes, carbon monoxide, tar, nicotine, nitric oxide and volatile nitrosamines is determined.

The defining difference of the claimed filter is the use of powdered or granular dihydroquercetin in an experimentally selected optimal amount of 4-40 mg / cigarette as an adsorbent, which allows to expand the range of carcinogenic and toxic substances absorbed from tobacco smoke and significantly reduce the negative effects of free radicals.

The invention is illustrated by the following examples of specific performance.

Example 1

We conducted a study on the efficiency of capturing the toxic components of cigarette smoke (nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide, nitric oxide) with the studied filters with powdered DHQ.

For this purpose, a batch of cigarettes (150 pieces) with combined filters was manufactured in a laboratory way, in which between the first (outer) and second (inner) sections made of acetate fiber, a layer of sorbent in the form of powdered DHW in the amount of 4-25 mg / a cigarette. Cigarettes were smoked according to ISO requirements for a standard Cambridge filter. The content of the Cambridge filter was eluted in absolute ethanol. The nicotine content in the eluate was determined spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 259 nm. The resin content was determined by calculation by the difference between the amount of dry condensate and nicotine. The determination of carbon monoxide was carried out on a Borgwald gas analyzer by the spectrophotometric method in the infrared region of the spectrum. To determine the amount of volatile N-nitro compounds and nitric oxide, liquid traps with citrate-phosphate buffer (pH 4.5) containing 20 mM ascorbic acid were used.

The smoking properties of cigarettes were evaluated by tasting, by comparing the experimental and control samples using the stobal system, according to the methodology approved by the All-Russian Research Institute of Tobacco, Shag and Tobacco Products in 1997. The research results are presented in Table 1.

Example 2

The efficiency of trapping the toxic components of cigarette smoke was studied on cellulose acetate filters as in Example 1, except that the DHQ was used in the form of granules with a diameter of 0.1-0.2 mm, in the amount of 10-40 mg per cigarette.

The research results are presented in table 1.

The research results showed that when using dihydroquercetin as an additional sorbent in the filter, the content of dry smoke condensate, tar, nicotine, carbon monoxide, nitric oxide and volatile nitrosamines significantly decreases by an average of 88.3% in smoke condensate; 61.7% for resin; 44.9% for nicotine; 64.7% for carbon monoxide; 56.9% for nitric oxide and 82.7% for volatile nitrosamines.

Thus, studies on the effect of dry dihydroquercetin (in the form of finely ground powder or granules) on the toxicity of cigarette smoke showed that DHQ has a high absorption capacity and increases the adsorption capacity of filters with respect to resin by 41.5%, and with carbon monoxide by 5.9%, nitric oxide - 56.9% compared with the prototype.

The high absorption and selective ability of DHQ to the studied chemical compounds is explained by its following features of the chemical and physical structure, as well as by the mechanism of filtering tobacco smoke.

Two main mechanisms are involved in the process of smoke filtration: diffusion and direct capture of smoke particles, the size of which is in the range of 0.1-1.0 microns.

Carbon monoxide, carcinogenic volatile N-nitroso compounds, nitric oxide (NO) are in the gas phase in smoke and therefore interact with the structural elements of DHQ (phenolic compounds), which have a high ability to inhibit the formation of free radicals and the nitrosation reaction. On the other hand, having a large absorption surface, the DHQ effectively absorbs metal ions that are deposited on smoke particles absorbed by direct capture of particles. Since DHQ is a solid sorbent, it naturally creates a pressure drop, which, in turn, increases the removal of resins from the main stream of smoke.

In the gas phase of cigarette smoke, the most negative free radical is nitric oxide (NO), which, during smoking, takes part in a sequence of reactions that result in the formation of nitrogen dioxide, isoprene radicals, peroxide and alkoxyl radicals. The tar of cigarette smoke contains trace elements, which are also involved in many reactions with the formation of free radicals.

Compared with the known filters, the proposed filter for cigarettes made of cellulose, cellulose acetate or acetate fiber with an absorbing DHQ, effectively absorbs carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, resin, nicotine, carcinogenic metals and volatile N-nitroso compounds, which can significantly reduce the negative impact of free radicals on lung cells and reduce the risk of lung cancer.

Thus, the proposed filter, while maintaining the taste of known cigarettes, can reduce the risk of malignant neoplasms associated with smoking.

The advantage of the proposed filter is also that its manufacturing technology is quite simple, since the introduction of the DHQ is carried out by simply filling the filter volume allocated for this purpose, which reduces the cost of cigarettes.

Table
Cigarette filter Example No. The content of DHQ, mg / sig The content of components of tobacco smoke, mg / sig Condensate Resin Nicotine With NO Volatile nitrosamines The control - 11.84 19.8 1.38 11.57 350 78 Example 1, powdered DHA four 1,53 8.7 0.82 4.36 176 14.1 25 1.35 7.1 0.79 4.06 157 13.6 Example 2, granular DHQ 10 1.44 7.8 0.80 4.21 151 13.8 40 1.19 6.7 0.61 3.67 120 12,4

Claims (3)

1. A filter for cigarettes, consisting of individual parts made of an organic polymer cellulose-containing or acetate fiber, and placed between these parts of an adsorbent agent, characterized in that as an adsorbent agent dihydroquercetin in the form of powder or granules in the amount of 4-40 mg per a cigarette. 2. The filter according to claim 1, characterized in that dihydroquercetin in the form of a powder is used in an amount of 4-25 mg per cigarette, and in the form of granules in an amount of 10-40 mg per cigarette. 3. The filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the particle size of the powdered dihydroquercetin is 5-20 microns, and the diameter of the granules is 0.1-0.2 mm