RU2329627C2 - Disk harrow - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention concerns agricultural engineering. The device includes a frame with transverse beams, and disks set in rows at the struts. Each row of the struts is equipped with alternating disks of different diameter. The lower cutting edge of disks with different diameter is at the same level. The disks of neighbour rows are arranged so, that a disk of larger diameter is placed behind a shifted disk of smaller diameter, while a disk of smaller diameter is placed behind a disk of larger diameter, shifted at the same value.

EFFECT: improved operation reliability.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to disk tillage implements - harrows.

Disc harrows are known.

The harrow [1] contains a frame on which the transverse bars are mounted. Friction bearings are attached to them. In bearings racks with axles are installed. The axles are spherical disks of the same size. Disks are installed with the ability to change the angle of attack. Discs have an angle of inclination to a vertical plane. The disks are mounted with concave or convex sides, respectively, in opposite directions and form the first pair of rows. In subsequent adjacent paired rows, the disks are mounted opposite to the disks of the first paired row, respectively. Such a disk harrow can improve the quality and degree of crumbling of the cultivated soil layer, as well as reduce the energy intensity of the processing process.

The disadvantage is that the rotation of the discs, which is close to synchronous due to their uniform size, contributes to clogging of the interdisk space with soil and crop residues, especially under extreme operating conditions - increased humidity and increased content of crop residues on the soil surface.

The disc harrow [2] has a longitudinal frame. The first transverse beam is pivotally connected to the frame. The first and second sets of discs are attached to the beam on both sides of the frame. The second, rear, transverse hingedly connected to the frame beam also has first and second sets of discs attached to it on both sides of the frame. A set of disks consists of several disks, each of which has a different outer diameter. The diameters of the disks increase evenly from the disk farthest from the frame to the disk closest to the frame. A special emphasis limits the articulated movement of the first and second transverse bars relative to the frame within 15 °.

The disadvantage of this device is that while maintaining a common shaft of the battery, there is also a danger of winding crop residues on the shaft, especially in the area of smaller disk diameters where the shaft is close to the soil. A set of a number of disks in the battery does not allow to create a significant difference in the diameter of neighboring disks, and therefore, a significant difference in their angular velocities, sufficient for self-cleaning interdio space. Thus, despite the complexity of the design of this device, the possibility of clogging the inter-disk space remains, which leads to a decrease in technological reliability and a deterioration in the quality of the harrow.

Disc harrow [3] - prototype, consists of a set of batteries. Each battery consists of a frame with gear loosening disks mounted on it by leashes with an axis, which have different diameters and are mounted on the axis eccentrically by means of eccentric bushings so that the ends of the teeth of all disks in their lower part are located at the same level, while the disks with large diameter located between the disks with a small diameter. Disks of different diameters, rotating asynchronously, eliminate soil clogging of the space between them.

The disadvantage of this device is the design complexity, poor maintainability, which ultimately reduces the reliability of the harrow, reduces productivity and increases the cost of work.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the reliability of the disk harrow.

The specified technical result is achieved in that the disc harrow, containing a frame with transverse beams, on which disc racks are independently mounted, is equipped with alternating discs of different diameters, the lower cutting edge of which is located at the same level, and the disks of the next row are located relative to the disks of the previous row in this way that behind the small-diameter disk, with a shift in the transverse direction, a larger-diameter disk is placed and vice versa, behind the larger-diameter disk, with the same offset, the rear to a small diameter, and the disks themselves have an angle to the direction of movement (angle of attack) and an angle to the surface of the soil, i.e. to the bottom of the furrow (angle of incidence), which ensures high-quality crushing of the soil, sufficient for sowing crops, in one pass and high reliability of the process.

The use of rotary disks of different diameters, arranged alternately in a row, helps to reduce clogging of the interdisk space, i.e. improving the technological reliability of the device’s workflow, and the alternation of disks of different diameters in rows, i.e. in the longitudinal direction, allows to improve the quality indicators of crumbling soil. Reducing clogging of the interdisk gap is ensured here due to different peripheral speeds of adjacent disks, which improves the self-cleaning of working bodies, i.e. drives.

Common essential features of the prototype and the claimed device are:

1. Frame with cross beams.

2. Alternating discs of different diameters.

Distinctive essential features are:

1. Autonomously installed alternating racks of different lengths.

2. On long racks there are small-diameter disks, on short racks - large-diameter disks, which ensures that the lower cutting edge of all disks is at the same level.

3. The disks are located at an angle both to the direction of movement (angle of attack α) and to the soil surface, ie to the bottom of the furrow (angle of incidence β).

An analysis of the features characterizing the device by the presence of structural elements, the presence of connections between them, the form of the elements, allows us to conclude that the claimed device meets the concept of the invention both in terms of novelty and inventive step, and in industrial applicability, that is, it meets the conditions of patentability.

In more detail, the invention will be described below.

Figure 1 presents a schematic drawing of a disk harrow (top view).

Figure 2 presents the rack with disks of different diameters.

The disc harrow consists of a frame 1, transverse bars 2 with brackets 3, racks of different lengths 4 and 5, a bearing assembly 6, spherical disks of large diameter 7 and small diameter 8, mounted to the surface of the earth, i.e. to the bottom of the furrow at an angle β (angle of incidence) and to the direction of movement at an angle α (angle of attack).

Figure 2, view A, shows a projection (side view) of the disks 7 and 8.

The harrow works as follows.

When moving it forward (shown in Fig. 1 by an arrow), by means of a traction means (not shown in Fig. 1), spherical disks 7 and 8 process the soil with each subsequent disc (after the first row disks) separating the soil layer from the monolith and its shift towards the furrow. Moreover, due to the installation of the lower edges of the discs at the same level, the bottom of the furrow is aligned, and due to the spatial orientation of the discs at two angles (angle of attack α and angle of incidence β) (Figs. 1, 2), soil is chipped and moved along the inner spherical surface disks, which provides high-quality crumbling of the soil layer, its partial turnover, grinding and mixing with the soil of plant residues.

In the proposed device (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, view A), due to the use of disks of different diameters arranged alternately in a row installed with an eccentricity e, provided with different lengths of racks 4 and 5 to achieve equal depth of disks 7 and 8, it decreases ( even in extreme conditions: moist soil, the presence of a large number of plant debris) clogging of the inter-disk gap, i.e. increases the technological reliability of the working process of the device. Reducing clogging of the inter-disk space here occurs due to different peripheral speeds of adjacent disks, which improves their self-cleaning. In turn, the alternation of disks of different diameters in rows can improve the quality of crumbling soil. In general, all this ensures the achievement of a technical result. Increases the reliability of the device, the quality of the soil. Reduces fuel consumption.

The harrow is technically and industrially applicable. In the conditions of the plant, mass production for agricultural needs can be ensured.

Information sources

1. Pat. 2185044, C ₂ , A01В 21/08 dated 07/04/2000 "Disk tillage implement." Authors: Sokht K.A., Kirichenko A.K. and etc.

2. Pat. USA 4291770, MKI A01B 21/08. Publ. 1981 "Disk harrow".

3. A.S. USSR 425561, MKL. A01B 21/04, A01B 35/16 from 08/22/72. "Rotary harrow battery" - prototype. Authors: L.V. Kulikov et al.

Claims (1)

A disk tillage implement containing a frame with transverse beams, disks autonomously mounted in rows on racks, characterized in that the racks in each row are equipped with alternating disks of different diameters, the lower cutting edge of which is located at the same level, the disks of the next row being located relative to the disks of the previous row so so that a larger diameter disk is placed behind a small-diameter disk with an offset, and vice versa a small diameter disk is installed behind a large-diameter disk with the same offset Etra.

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