RU2328048C1 - Device for radiation contamination decrease and radiation indication - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: invention concerns radioactive environment improvement and radioactivity indication at crash sites of radiation-hazardous objects. The device of radiation contamination decrease and radiation indication includes active elements (modules) and actuator system. Object corruption sensors are installed in the structure of the object under protection. Internal volume of active element module is divided by a membrane into two chambers, that allow placing the components (deactivation polymerising fluid and radiation indicator material) separately and mixing them only at the module activation. The mixture produced is dispersed over the crash site with the help of a gas generator activated automatically by an electric impulse generated by the crash sensors immediately at the moment of damage.

EFFECT: enables automated operative deployment of the offered device immediately at the moment of radiation-hazardous object damage and simultaneous deactivation and radioactivity indication without human presence at the crash site.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices for improving the radiation situation in a radiation-contaminated area during radiation accidents of radiation hazardous objects by fixing a focus of radioactive contamination in a stable solid medium and indicating the type and intensity of ionizing radiation at the site of a radiation accident.

Known devices for surface decontamination using compositions to improve the radiation environment such as degassing kits (DK-4), special equipment - autogas stations like ARS-14, water-washing, washing-neutralizing, fire engines, helicopters [1], which can be used for decontamination places of a radiation accident, including the use of various compositions for liquid decontamination and / or polymer compositions for dry decontamination [2, 3].

The disadvantages of such devices are the lack of efficiency - considerable time is required to prepare the kits for work, to collect personnel and bring special equipment to the place of a radiation accident, to carry out decontamination, the mandatory presence of personnel in a radiation hazardous situation is required, and preliminary radiation reconnaissance is required [4].

A device for automatic powder fire extinguishing and fire alarms is known that uses pulsed powder modules in its composition [5]. The disadvantage of this device is the inability to use it to reduce radioactive contamination and indication of radioactivity.

The objective of the invention is the provision of operational decontamination by fixing the focus of radioactive contamination in a stable solid environment and obtaining reliable visual information about the radiation situation at the site of the radiation accident, as well as reducing the time that personnel are present in a radiation hazardous situation in the process of eliminating the consequences of radiation accidents.

The above problem is solved due to the fact that the decontamination of the contaminated area and the indication of ionizing radiation at the accident site is carried out by spraying directly from the accident site a mixture from the composition to improve the radiation situation [3] and indicator material [2] using an active element that automatically responds emergency sensors. This makes it possible to simultaneously carry out the processes of decontamination of contaminated areas and display the parameters of radioactivity according to the characteristics of ionizing radiation directly at the site (facility) and at the time of a radiation accident, excluding the presence of a person in a radiation hazardous environment.

New features in the present invention is the use of an active element that works automatically, which mixes the polymerizing liquid and indicator material and sprayes the resulting mixture at the accident site in the form of a gas emulsion cloud upon a signal from the activation system (immediately at the time of the accident or after the establishment of the radiation situation).

Figure 1 shows a diagram of the proposed device, a General view; figure 2 shows an embodiment of the active element, in section.

Figure 1 shows a radiation hazardous object 1 with elements of the proposed device. The device consists of active elements 2 and an activation system - alarm signal sensors 3, detectors (light and sound) 4, signal channels 5, start-up lines 6 and a central monitoring station (monitoring station) 7. Active elements are located in the immediate vicinity of a radiation hazardous facility. The number of devices depends on the characteristics of the facility and the area of the protected area.

Emergency signal sensors, for example, electric film type or others, are installed directly on a radiation hazardous object and signal a violation of the integrity of the object and the release of radiation materials.

The active element (figure 2) is a pulsed action module consisting of a metal housing 8, a deactivating composition 9 placed therein and an indicator material 10 separated by a safety membrane 11, a gas generator with an electric activator 12, an exhaust nozzle 13, a closed safety membrane 14 as well as the mount 15.

The principle of operation of the device is to fix in a stable solid medium sources of radioactive contamination (radioactive cloud) with a distributed material-indicator of the intensity of ionizing radiation. It is proposed to use deactivating film-forming compositions, which are aqueous solutions of polyvinyl alcohol, surfactants, complexing agents and plasticizers [3]. The compositions are applied by forced pneumatic and airless spraying. Special preparation of the surface before applying the compositions is not required, the presence of traces of water on the surface is allowed. As an indicator material, it is proposed to use polymers with the ability to change optical properties when exposed to ionizing radiation [2].

The mechanism of operation of the device is as follows: the modules of the active element are driven by signal-starting devices (emergency sensors) in automatic mode (mode 1) or manual start buttons (mode 2). The device’s operating procedure: in the initial stage of an accident, when a radiation hazardous object is destroyed and radioactive substances are released, the corresponding alarm signal sensors are triggered. The signal about the operation through the communication channels is transmitted to the central monitoring station (CMS) of the standby shift, audible and visual warning signals are issued, at the same time, the signal for activating the active elements is generated along the launch lines. In automatic mode, when emergency sensors are triggered, a control pulse is generated to activate the active elements. Disabling automatic activation is provided to avoid false alarms during work.

The module is triggered as follows: when a current pulse is applied to the electric activator, a gas generator with intense gas evolution is started. When the overpressure in the module housing increases to the calculated value, the capsules of the polymerizing liquid and the indicator material are destroyed, they are mixed and released in the form of a gas emulsion cloud through nozzles in the place of a radiation accident.

The technical result of using the present invention is to increase the efficiency of measures to improve the radiation situation, the efficiency and reliability of obtaining information about the radiation situation at the accident site of a radiation hazardous facility.

Information sources

1. Protection of national economy from weapons of mass destruction. Handbook / Ed. Demidenko G.P. Kiev: “Vishka school”, 1987.

2. Kirillov V.M. Physical fundamentals of radiation and nuclear safety. M.: Strategic Rocket Forces, 1993.

3. Compounds for improving the radioactive situation. Drezna: OOO "DREKO", 2003.

4. Ushakov V.I. Justification of forces and means to eliminate the consequences of radiation accidents. M .: VA Strategic Rocket Forces named after Peter the Great, 2006.

5. Pulse powder modules for automatic fire extinguishing installations. M .: Group of companies "Epotos", 2005.

6. GOST 27708-88: Materials and coatings polymer protective deactivable. Method for determining deactivability.

7. GOST R 50773-95: Protective polymer coatings for improving the radiation environment. Methods for determining the coefficient of decontamination and the time of protective action.

Claims (1)

A device for reducing radioactive contamination and indicating radioactivity, comprising an activation system with an electric transmission and an active element, characterized in that sensors for violating the integrity of the object are introduced into the protected object, and the internal volume of the module of the active element is divided by a membrane into two compartments, which allows you to place components separately and to carry out mixture formation only when the module is activated, the indication of radioactivity and deactivation of the accident site is carried out by m carburetion decontamination liquid polymerizable material and the indicator in the active element and spraying the resulting mixture under pressure at the accident site using a gas generator which is triggered automatically by the electrical pulse coming from the alarm sensor at the moment of accident.

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