RU2327093C1 - Device for drying of materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes, drying.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to drying equipment, namely, to drying equipment for food products and may be used in food industry. Invention consists in the following: in the device for material drying that contains rotating drum with drive from gearing, reducer, electric motor, heater, exhaust fan for heated air, the drying drum is made in the form of two side pieces that are connected by perforated mesh and installed in bearings on fixed shaft, to which inside the same side pieces the drum rotation drive is fixed being isolated by casing from the drying zone, which provides its single-sided or reverse movement in the process of product drying. The heater is made in the form of movable carriage that has the possibility of vertical movement relative to perforated mesh of drum and bears the infrared sources of heat on itself. Impeller of air exhaust fan is installed parallel to drum rotation axis and is connected to its side piece through collector.

EFFECT: reduction of material intensity and improvement of drier operation reliability.

3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the food industry and can be used to dry various food materials.

A device for drying food materials is known, comprising a rotating continuous cylindrical drum mounted at an angle to the horizon, inside of which annular nozzles of various shapes are fixed to change the trajectory of the dried material, an external drive for rotation adjacent to it, consisting of a driven gear ring mounted on the outer surface a drum, a gearbox with a drive gear on the output shaft, an electric motor and guides for supporting the drum supporting rollers of the carrier with systems, an external heater in the form of a steam heater for heating air or a device for supplying hot gases from another external heat source, an external fan for suctioning exhaust air from the drum and a cyclone for collecting dried product particles carried away by the air heat agent from the drum [1].

A disadvantage of the known technical solution is the design complexity of the drying drum, its large dimensions (the ratio of the drum length to diameter L / D = 10000 ... 14000/1200 ... 2800 = 5 ... 8), the presence of a heater in the form of an external steam heater for heating the drying heat agent, which leads to the difficulty of regulating the thermal regime of drying inside the drum due to its large length and diameter, significant material and energy consumption of the device, increased heat agent consumption and significant heat loss, an external gear drive with a tooth Atymya crown on the outer surface of the drum requires higher manufacturing accuracy, strength and rigidity of the gear and ensures high reliability.

A device for drying vegetable food raw materials of periodic action is also known, comprising two chambers interconnected and open on opposite sides, the first of which has a blower fan, a bypass valve and a diaphragm that changes the cross-sectional area of the chamber, and a heater, and the second one that rotates a drum of perforated material with a plant product placed in it and separated from the chamber walls by elastic gaskets, one of which is fixed with a gap between it and the bar ban so that the size of this gap can be adjusted from outside the drying area, and the output of the second chamber, made in the form of a gas refrigerator, is placed inside the first chamber [2].

In this device, to ensure drying modes, it is possible to adjust the gap depending on the type of material being dried, which requires additional time, in addition, the layout of the cameras open at both ends, and the presence of a diaphragm to change the cross-sectional area of the chamber complicates the design, increases its material consumption and loss of coolant, which reduces the reliability of the device.

The aim of the invention is to reduce material consumption and increase reliability.

For this, in a device for drying food materials containing a rotating drum driven by a gear drive, a gearbox and an electric motor, a heater, a heated air suction fan, the drum contains two rigid sidewalls with a perforated mesh attached to the outer surfaces, the sidewalls are mounted on rolling bearings on a fixed shaft with the possibility of rotation around this shaft from the drive, consisting of a worm wheel mounted on one of the sides, a bevel gear, a worm gear and an engine, mounted on the same fixed shaft inside the drum and isolated by a casing from the drying zone, the heater is made in the form of a movable carriage having the ability to move vertically relative to the drum and carrying infrared heat sources, and the impeller of the air exhaust fan is mounted parallel to the axis of rotation of the drum and connected with its sidewall through the collector.

The drawing shows a General diagram of the device.

The device contains a skeleton 1, inside of which a fixed shaft 2 is mounted on the racks, carrying a drying drum 3, consisting of two sidewalls 4 and 5, fitted on top with a perforated mesh 6. The drum drive contains an engine 7, a worm gear 8, a bevel gear 9, the intermediate shaft-worm 10 and the worm gear 11, mounted on the side of the drum. The drum drive is installed inside the drum and is separated from the drying zone by an insulating casing 12. A temperature sensor 13 is installed on the casing inside the drum. A heater carriage 14 with infrared thermoelements in the form of tubular heating elements or mirror incandescent lamps 15 is movably mounted on a cable system above the drum. The carriage contains a supporting frame 16, suspended on cables 17 and supported by rollers 19 on the guides of the frame and driven by the worm gear 18 and the handle 20. On the left side of the drum mounted detecting the fan comprising a volute 21 with an outlet 22, an impeller 23 and a collector 24 connected through the housing 25 with the sidewall 4 of the drum. On the sidewall 4 there are profiled openings closed with a fine mesh and used to exhaust air from the dryer drum by a fan. The fan impeller drive includes an engine 26 and a V-belt drive 27. At the top of the frame, a signal light 28 is installed.

When the drying device is turned on, after a pre-set height of the heating carriage 14 relative to the perforated mesh 6 of the drum 3, depending on the type of product being dried, infrared heaters 15 are turned on, which are periodically turned off when the required temperature is reached from the sensor 13. Next, the drum drive is turned on one-way or reverse rotation and fan drive. The rotation from the engine 7, the worm gearbox 8, the bevel gear 9, the worm shaft 10 is transmitted to the worm wheel 11 and the drying drum 3 rigidly connected to it.

The drum receives a slow rotation, as a result of which the product inside the drum is uniformly warmed up and dried with hot air, the temperature of which can be regulated in the range from 90 to 200 ° C by changing the height of the heater carriage relative to the drum grid and changing the rate of suction of air from the drum by a fan and maintained given with an accuracy of ± 5 ° C. After a certain working time, set on the device’s control panel depending on the type of product, the heater is turned off, the drum stops in a certain position and the dried product enters the conveyor or the hopper tray through the open drum hatch, which are installed in the lower part of the skeleton under the drum (not shown )

Information sources

1. A.A. Kurochkin and others. Machines and apparatus for the processing of milk and meat. - Penza: PTI, 2000.

2. RF patent No. 2141612, IPC F26B 011/02. Drum dryer periodic operation.

Claims (3)

1. A device for drying materials, containing a drum with an electromechanical drive, a heater, a heated air suction fan, characterized in that, in order to reduce material consumption and increase reliability, the drum contains two sidewalls connected by a perforated mesh and installed with the possibility of one-sided or reverse rotation relative to the fixed shaft from the drive, mounted on the same fixed shaft inside the drums insulated from the material by the casing. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a movable heater with the possibility of vertical movement relative to the drum and carrying infrared heat sources. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the heated air suction fan is installed parallel to the axis of rotation of the drum and connected to its sidewall by a collector.