RU2326158C2 - Method of modifying fuel for internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry; fuel.

SUBSTANCE: invention pertains to the method of modifying fuel for internal combustion engines. The method involves mixing hydrocarbon bases with a hydroxyl containing substance and a modifier. The method is characterised by that, hydroxides, carbonates, phosphates, halogens, and salts of carboxylic acids of group 1 metals of the main sub-group of the periodic table of elements or ammonium can be used as the modifier. These are mixed with the hydroxyl containing substance until blending with the hydrocarbon base in the form of water or mono-atomic spirits: ethanol, methanol.

EFFECT: higher fuel octane rating, considerable economic benefit.

2 cl, 3 tbl, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of oil refining and petrochemicals and can be used in tasks of more efficient use of petroleum products, in particular motor gasoline.

When using these types of fuels in transport, the priority is to increase the octane number of gasoline, which avoids detonation during engine operation, increases engine power by forcing it and obtain a real effect due to increased power.

To date, these tasks have not been completely solved, although there are known ways to partially solve them by creating fuel-alcohol and water-fuel emulsions.

The purpose of the invention is to improve the stability of the fuel, increasing the octane number.

An analogue of this method is a method for producing a fuel-water emulsion, including the mixing of hydrocarbon fuel and water using ultrasonic cavitation effects [1].

An analogue of this method is a method for producing a water-fuel emulsion by mixing a hydrocarbon base and water, carried out using various dispersing devices, by sparging with air or steam [2].

An analogue of this method is a method for producing and using water-fuel emulsions in diesel engines using surface-active substances (surfactants) [3].

An analog of this method is a method for producing water-hydrocarbon emulsions by electrical and electrophysical methods [4].

An analog of this method is a method for producing fuel-alcohol, in particular fuel-methanol emulsions using surface-active substances (surfactants) and various additional methods of intensive mixing [5].

The prototype of this technical solution is a method for producing a fuel emulsion described in [6].

According to the prototype, they carry out the manufacture - modification of fuel for internal combustion engines by mixing a hydrocarbon base - for example, low-octane gasoline and hydroxyl-containing liquids, for example, methanol.

The disadvantages of the prototype can be considered

1. The lack of aggregate stability of the modified fuel for some time with the loss of useful target properties;

2. Inadequate octane level of fuel.

These disadvantages are overcome if you use a method of producing fuel for internal combustion engines, including mixing a hydrocarbon base with a hydroxyl-containing substance and a modifier, characterized in that hydroxides, carbonates, phosphates, halides, salts of organic acids of metals of group 1 of the main subgroup of the Periodic system are used as a modifier Mendeleev or ammonium and they are mixed with a hydroxyl-containing substance, which is used as water or monohydric alcohols: ethanol, methanol.

These modifiers belong to different classes of inorganic and organic compounds.

Hydroxides, phosphates, carbonates, halides, salts of organic acids of metals of the 1st group of the main subgroup of the periodic table of the periodic system and ammonium [7] are used, used in various fields of technology. The use of these salts as hydrocarbon fuel modifiers used by the proposed method has not been previously described.

The invention is illustrated by the following examples of specific performance.

Example 1

Carry out the production of fuel based on gas condensate according to the prototype, by introducing salts directly into the fuel and by the present method. Low octane gas condensate is used as fuel, methanol as a hydroxyl-containing substance, sodium, potassium and ammonium salts as modifiers - hydroxides, phosphates, carbonates, chlorides, iodides, stearates and acetates, which are soluble in methanol before being introduced into gasoline - according to the claimed decision. The fuel test was carried out to assess stability by visual inspection, for the octane number - according to the motor method.

The test results of fuels (gasoline-alcohol mixtures) of the prototype, with simple input and by the claimed solution are presented in table 1.

The octane number of the fuel (a mixture of gasoline with methanol) according to the prototype was equal to 74; when salts were directly added to the fuel, its stratification was noted at certain time intervals from 10 to 40 minutes, because of which it was not possible to evaluate the octane number. In the claimed solution, the fuel was homogeneous and homogeneous, the octane values are presented in table 1.

Table 1 Modifier type The claimed solution Hydroxides Potassium 88 Sodium 84 Ammonium Chlorides Potassium 80 Sodium 82 Ammonium 82 Iodides Potassium 92 Sodium 92 Ammonium 90 Phosphates Potassium 95 Sodium 91 Ammonium 92 Stearates Potassium 86 Sodium 83 Ammonium 80 Acetates Potassium 90 Sodium 84

Example 2

Carry out the manufacture of fuel based on low-octane gasoline A-76 according to the prototype, by directly introducing salts into the fuel and by the present method. Ethanol is used as the hydroxyl-containing liquid. The values of the octane number are presented in table 2. The octane number of the fuel (gasoline-ethanol mixture) according to the prototype was 79; when salts were directly introduced into the fuel (gasoline-ethanol mixture), its stratification was observed at certain time intervals from 10 to 40 minutes, due to which the octane number could not be estimated. In the claimed solution, the fuel was homogeneous

table 2 Hydroxides The claimed solution Potassium 85 Sodium 82 Ammonium Chlorides Potassium 80 Sodium 82 Ammonium 81 Iodides Potassium 88 Sodium 86 Ammonium 85 Phosphates Potassium 83 Sodium 82 Ammonium 80 Stearates Potassium 84 Sodium 82 Ammonium 80 Acetates Potassium 82 Sodium 82

Example 3

Carry out the production of fuel based on gas condensate according to the prototype, by directly introducing salts into the fuel and by the present method. As the hydroxyl-containing component, water is used.

The octane number of the fuel according to the prototype emulsion-mixture of gas condensate with water was 66, when salts were directly introduced into the fuel emulsion of gas condensate and water, its stratification was noted at certain intervals from 10 to 40 minutes, due to which the octane number failed to evaluate. In the claimed solution, the fuel was homogeneous

Table 3 Hydroxides The claimed solution Potassium 80 Sodium 78 Ammonium Chlorides Potassium 79 Sodium 76 Ammonium 76 Iodides Potassium 84 Sodium 84 Ammonium 83 Phosphates Potassium 80 Sodium 81 Ammonium 79 Stearates Potassium 80 Sodium 80 Ammonium 77 Acetates Potassium 79 Sodium 77

Thus, from the presented examples, the advantages of the claimed technical solution are clearly visible compared with the prototype in terms of higher performance in terms of octane number. The proposed fuel has an average of 800-1000 rubles / ton lower price than serially used fuels. Along with this, the important issue of a more complete use of gas condensate and low-octane gasolines is provided. The implementation of this solution in industry will give a significant economic effect.

Literature

1. B. B. Kudryavtsev. The dispersing effect of cavitation. Colloid Journal, 1959, issue 1.

2. I.I. Levsh, O. B. Balandina. Bubbling air through a layer of viscous liquid. Journal of Applied Chemistry, 1959. Issue 5.

3. V.P. Shkalikov. The use of alternative fuels in diesel engines. M .: 1986. p. 37-41.

4. Ed. A.A. Abramzon. Emulsions. Translation from English L .: 1972. P.35-60.

5. V.A. Likhanov. Reducing toxicity and improving the performance of tractor diesels through the use of methanol. Kirov, 2001, pp. 137-145.

6. T.A. Terentyev, V.M. Tyukov, F.V. Smal. Motor fuels from alternative raw materials. M., 1989, pp. 113-121.

7. M.E. Pozin. The technology of mineral salts. Part 2. L. 1974.

Claims (2)

1. A method of modifying fuel for internal combustion engines, comprising mixing hydrocarbon bases with a hydroxyl-containing substance and a modifier, characterized in that the modifier uses hydroxides, carbonates, phosphates, halides, salts of organic acids of metals of group 1 of the main subgroup of the periodic table or ammonium and they are mixed with a hydroxyl-containing substance until mixed with a hydrocarbon base, which is used as water or monohydric alcohols: ethanol, methanol. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that water is used as the hydroxyl-containing substance.