RU2325778C2 - Home signalling system with double-wire connection of user - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: said utility invention relates to a home signalling system having at least one door unit and at least one flat unit. At least, the flat unit/each flat unit is connected or provides for the connection using a double-wire circuit for the transmission of control and/or communication signals, as well as the power supply voltage. At least one section of the available door and/or flat unit has a modular design, each modular unit consisting of at least two modules (M), which are connected or provided for the connection to each other via an internal bus. One of the modules (M) forms a bus connection device in the form of a link between the external double-wire circuit and the internal bus. The internal bus consists of at least three conductors, namely, of a grounding bus (GND), one system bus (EXTBUS) leading further, together with the grounding bus (GND), external double-wire circuit (6), and a data communication bus (COMBUS) serving, together with the grounding bus (GND), for the communication between the microcontrollers (mcC) of individual modules (M).

EFFECT: simplification of connection of enhanced components.

7 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The proposed invention relates to a home alarm system having at least one door unit and at least one apartment unit, wherein all units are connected or configured to be connected via a common two-wire system bus for transmitting control and communication signals, and in particular supply voltage (two-wire bus system).

The invention further relates, in principle, to so-called “1 + n” devices, wherein the door unit functions as a switching point. Each apartment block is connected through its own bus with the door block, as well as with a common grounding bus. "1" in "1 + n" indicates the grounding bus, n denotes the number of apartment blocks and thereby the number of individual cores. The voltage from the power source from the network goes to the door unit, and from there to the individual apartment units each time in two lines.

Thus, in both cases, at least each apartment unit is connected as a consumer via a two-wire line for transmitting (audio) communication signals and power supply.

Home alarm devices or so-called door intercoms with a two-wire bus system are described, for example, in patents DE No. 19548744 C2, DE No. 19716598 C1, DE No. 19716599 C2 and DE No. 3023988 A1. In these known devices, the existing door and apartment devices consist of various devices for the indoor and outdoor areas, each device being specifically designed for a respective predetermined application, for example, as a door unit or apartment unit. Usually we are talking about combined devices with a housing mounted on a mounting surface (for example, a wall), i.e. on a layer of plaster. Installation under a layer of plaster is possible in the presence of very large special boxes and is fraught with high material costs. In case of additional installation in the building, expensive mortising works are required. Therefore, these known devices require large expenses for the manufacture of individual devices, their storage in the warehouse (advance preparation of various devices), as well as installation. In an earlier previously unpublished application of the applicant No. 10160813, a modular block design was proposed, with certain modules connected via an internal bus. However, the technical implementation of the connection via the internal bus is not disclosed in this application. The proposed invention seeks to create such a home alarm system that will allow, with low costs for manufacturing, storage and installation, to achieve a large number of installation options, in particular with regard to “future compatibility”, i.e. possibilities for subsequent connection of possibly advanced components.

According to the invention, this is achieved due to the fact that at least one section of the existing door and / or apartment blocks has a modular design, and each such modular block consists of at least two modules connected or configured to interconnect via an internal bus, moreover, one of the modules forms a bus connecting device in the form of a connecting element between the outer two-wire line and the inner bus, and the inner bus consists of at least three bus wires nicks, namely a ground bus, the system bus, which together with the ground bus within the outer leads two-wire line, and from the bus for data transfer, which together with the grounding bus is used for communication between the microcontrollers individual modules. In a preferred embodiment, the inner bus as the fourth line has an audio signal conductor, also related to the grounding bus.

According to the invention, the bus connecting device forms, as a two-wire / multi-wire converter, a communication step between an external two-wire line, in particular an external two-wire system bus, and a multi-wire (at least three-wire) internal bus.

The bus attachment device, if necessary and under certain conditions, when converting the format and level, transmits data from the internal bus to transfer data to the system bus or transfers the received data after the reverse conversion from the system bus to the internal bus for data transfer. Thanks to this, each module can sprinkle not only data on other modules of the unit belonging to it, but also on the system bus itself. Thus, the bus attachment device is not a "body that controls everything", but primarily a bus coupler, a level converter, and an address data processor. This makes the claimed system advantageous from the point of view of “future compatibility”, since further improvement of the modules does not need to be taken into account in existing bus connection devices from the point of view of programming. More modern modules can control themselves and use only a bus connection device for transmitting and receiving data, as well as for providing voltage, communication and two / multi-wire conversion.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention with an audio signal bus, these speech signals can generate all modules that can carry out voice transmission. The bus coupler further transmits, if necessary (for voice communication) signals from the audio signal bus to the system bus. In this case, the bus connecting device operates as a two / four-wire converter, which divides the available speech signals into received and sent in the system bus.

Other advantageous features of the invention are presented in the dependent claims and are further described.

The invention is explained in more detail using the drawings, where

figure 1 presents a schematic illustration of a home alarm system in an advantageous embodiment in the form of a bus system and in an exemplary dismantled state;

figure 2 - various modules that can be used in the framework of the claimed system, a schematic side view;

figure 3 is an example of a door block, front view (service side);

figure 4 is a schematic side view of the individual components of the door unit in the direction of arrow IV according to figure 3;

5 is a block diagram of a bus attachment module;

6 is a block diagram of an audio module;

7 is a block diagram of a button module;

Fig. 8 is a block diagram of a power supply unit from a network or a bus control device.

Figure 1 presents an exemplary device of the home alarm system (door intercom), made in the form of a bus system. Usually provided (at least) one door unit 2, which is installed in the outer area of the door, as well as at least one apartment unit 4, which is usually installed in the inner area near the entrance to the apartment. In the example of FIG. 1, four apartment blocks 4 are provided. The system, however, can be constructed in different ways. Blocks 2, 4 are connected by a common two-wire system bus 6. Using this system bus 6, all signals and commands necessary for communication and communication are transmitted. In addition, the system bus 6 also serves to supply voltage to the individual units 2, 4. In addition, a central control device 8 is provided, also connected to the system bus 6, which, in particular, has a power supply (cf. also Fig. 8). Thus, the control device 8 generates from the supply voltage V, usually a mains voltage of 230 V, the operating voltage for all units 2, 4. At least the door unit 2 has a certain number of call buttons 10. When the call button 10 is activated, a digital address code is sent through the system bus 6. It calls a certain apartment block 4, which before that during installation was programmed for this address code. Apartment block 4 with the agreed address code creates a ringing tone upon receipt. Due to this, it is possible to create voice communication for the door unit 2. Voice signals are transmitted preferably similarly via the system bus 6. Each unit 2, 4 may also have at least a command button 11 for a specific activation or control function. When the door open button is triggered, a digital code is transmitted in the form of a command signal through the system bus 6, so that the door opener 12 is activated using the control device 8. The data (address code) is preferably modulated in an inaudible frequency range (e.g. 50 kHz). Optimally, the video signal can be transmitted between the camera and the monitor via the system bus 6. It is then modulated to a high-frequency medium (for example, 10 MHz) so as not to violate the frequency ranges of speech and data.

In addition, to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1, a light actuator 14 is preferably used for controlling lighting, for example on the stairs of large houses. The light actuator 14 receives for this an individual encoded signal sent by means of a push-button light switch of one of the units 2.4 as a command signal for supplying lighting. In addition, the light actuator 14 can also be activated using a special button installed, for example, on the stairs in the house. Controlled lighting is shown in FIG. 1 as an example using a lamp 16. In addition, usually with each apartment block 4 there is usually connected a floor call button 18 installed at the entrance door of the apartment.

According to the invention, blocks 2, 4 are constructed at least partially modular. Preferably, all the blocks, the door block 2 and each apartment block 4 are respectively composed of at least two modules M (see also FIG. 2), which are interconnected or configured to communicate with each other using a special internal bus 20. For each of block 2, 4, one of the modules M is a bus 22 attachment device as a connecting element between the external system bus 6 and the internal bus 20, i.e. the bus coupler 22 converts the system bus 6 or its signals into the internal bus 20 into the internal signals transmitted through it between the individual modules M. The internal bus 20 according to the invention consists of at least three conductors.

To do this, first turn to the block diagram of the device connecting the bus 22 shown in Fig.5. The bus coupler 22 has a first CN1 coupler for the system bus 6 (BUS-A, BUS-B). The internal bus 20 consists of at least one GND ground bus, one EXTBUS system bus conductor related to the ground bus, and one COMBUS data bus also related to the ground bus. Via the EXTBUS system bus conductor, system bus 6 is connected to all modules. The CCMBUS data bus is used to communicate between the microcontrollers μC of individual M modules.

Preferably, the internal bus 20 has, as a fourth conductor, an AUDIOBUS audio signal bus, also related to the GND ground bus.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the inner busbar 20 may have two additional additional conductors ZV + and ZV- for additional voltage supply. In addition, inside the internal bus 20, two additional conductors VIDEO-A and VIDEO-B can be provided for transmitting video signals.

Figure 2 presents various types of modules M, which can be provided inside the claimed home alarm system in any combination to obtain door or apartment blocks 2,4. The first module M is constituted by a bus attaching device 22. In addition, a basic button module 24 is provided, which can be connected to the button module 26 electrically or mechanically. The button modules 26 are preferably made in the form of nozzles, which can be quickly and easily mounted on the base module 24, made in the form of an insert. In addition, the button module 26 can also be advantageously mounted on the module of the bus connection device 22, the latter in this case taking over the function of the basic button module. According to FIG. 2, for the audio module 28, it is possible to provide, among other things, a speech function and / or an auditory module 30 for connecting the handset 32 (see FIG. 1). In addition, it is possible to provide other modules not shown in FIG. 2, for example, a video module with a camera and / or display (monitor), and / or a sound recorder for listening, and / or a video recorder for receiving images.

According to the schematic part, some of these modules are preferably made in the form of inserts for placement in an electrical installation box, and others in the form of nozzles for fitting onto the inserts. This is described in more detail in the aforementioned German patent No. 10160813.

According to the invention, each module M has at least one interface device 34 with the internal bus 20 in the form of a suitable plug connector. Between each nozzle and its associated insert, the couplers 34 are connected directly via a plug connection. For connecting to the internal bus between the inserts, suitable connecting conductors 36 are provided with at least three to six or eight cores necessary. These connecting conductors 36 have suitable plug connectors 38 for connecting to the interface 34. The bus connecting device module 22 also has connecting elements 40 for the external system bus 6, as well as connecting elements 42 for one of the floor call switches 18 and preferably connecting elements 44 for additional supply wire 46.

The following describes the details regarding in particular the execution of the internal bus 20.

To obtain a simple design of modular units 1, 4 and to keep the number of signal cores in the internal bus 20 limited in the simplest embodiment, the following signals are generated for the internal bus 20:

- System bus 6 is connected to all modules via EXTBUS. These modules take constant voltage from this bus for their own power supply and receive speech and, if necessary, also signals transmitting data, depending on the specifics of the device. The second core of the system bus 20 is implemented using the GND ground bus.

- The sent speech signals, which are generated in the device, for example, when they speak into the microphone of the tube 32, accumulate in the bus designated as AUDIOBUS. These signals do not have to be sent to the system bus 20, they can also be changed between the modules of one unit, for example, the transmission of voice messages from the recorder to the audio module 28. From the point of view of grounding, this bus refers to the GND ground bus.

- All M modules with a higher degree of complexity contain a microcontroller μC. Data exchange between microcontrollers takes place via an additional communication bus CQMBUS. In terms of grounding, this bus also applies to the GND grounding bus.

The EXTBUS, GND buses are formed in the hardware in the bus coupler 22.

Signals for the COMBUS bus are generated in all modules using microcontrollers. In this case, we are talking about a serial bus with dominant and recessive levels (the so-called I ² C-bus, i.e. bus for connecting IP). Recessive levels can be overwritten with dominant levels. Thus, the transmitting steps of two modules simultaneously sprinkling signals cannot be violated. The recessive level is formed with the help of a resistor "pulling up" (load resistor) in the device connecting the bus 22.

Voice signals on the AUDIOBUS bus are generated by all modules that have the ability to send voice signals (sound pickup module, sound module, voice recorder). The bus coupler 22 transmits, if necessary (voice communication) the AUDIOBUS bus signals to the system bus 6. The bus coupler 22 operates as a two / four-wire converter that divides the speech signals present in the system bus 6 into received and sent and translates it into separate cores or receives from the AUDIOBUS bus.

The bus coupler 22 translates, if necessary, and when converting the format and level, data from the COMBUS bus to the system bus 6 or transmits the received data after the reverse conversion from the system bus 6 to the COMBUS bus. So each module can send not only data to other modules of the device, but also send it independently to the system bus 6. The device for connecting the bus 22 is not, therefore, an all-controlling instance, but most likely a device for connecting the bus, a level converter and a switching stage (using address codes). This makes the system "compatible in the future", since the new development of modules from the point of view of programming tools cannot yet be taken into account in existing bus connection devices. Therefore, the new modules control themselves and use the bus coupler 22 for data transmission and reception, as well as for voltage supply, switching, and for two / four-wire conversion.

The following describes the individual components and the way in which they generate or use signals.

The device connecting the bus (figure 5)

A bus attaching device 22 as a base module is provided in each unit 2, 4 involved in the system. The bus coupler 22 is connected via terminals 40 (BUS-A and BUS-B) to the system bus 6. It provides a constant voltage (for example, 28V). Rectifier 48 enables polar-neutral coupling. If video signals are also transmitted to the system bus 6, then the video filter 50 (high-frequency chokes) prevents the video signals from entering the bus coupler 22. They are usually destroyed due to the input impedance of the bus coupler 22, which is negligible in the high-frequency region.

The voltage regulator 52 connected to the rectifier 48, due to the positive output of the relatively high DC voltage of the system bus 6, creates the lower voltage necessary for the device to connect the bus 22 (for example, 10V, 5V) for microcontrollers and amplification circuits. The negative terminal of the system bus 6 creates the GND ground potential.

Between the rectifier 48 and the voltage regulator 52 is preferably another electronic inductance 54 (gyrator). It is responsible for the high resistance at the input of the voltage regulator 52 and eliminates the load fluctuations of the system bus 6 caused by the voltage regulator 52. The high resistance at the input avoids the load or reduces the level of speech signals or data signals. Load fluctuations are formed, for example, during switching on or at the stage of activation of the amplifier and, if not for the gyrator 54, they would be applied in the form of crackling or distortion to speech signals on the system bus 6, and then would be heard during a conversation.

The output of rectifier 48 can be switched via an ENBUS bus switch to an EXTBUS signal, i.e. the EXTBUS signal then corresponds to a positive conductor signal to the system bus 6 freed from the video signal. The EXTBUS bus signal is sent through the grounding bus to the three plug connectors of the bus connecting device outward to other modules.

The ENBUS bus switch closes the contact only in the active state of the bus components (voice communication, listening to the voice recorder), when it must receive more power and receive broadcast speech signals from other participants in the conversation from the system bus 6 and transmit. In this state, the impedance at the input to the consumers is also reduced, since the gyrator 54 is blocked for all the loads that are on the EXTBUS bus.

In the passive state, the switch opens the contact. In this case, the EXTBUS bus receives a lower voltage with a small power output through the isolation diode 56 from the output of the gyrator 54. This voltage then serves only to supply other microcontrollers located inside the module (if necessary, for example, to evaluate the operation of the button). The impedance at the consumer input corresponds to the impedance of the local gyrator. Voice signals are no longer broadcast from the system bus 6.

The data received from the system bus 6 in the form of signals pass through an optional video filter 50 and a rectifier 48 and pass through a data preparation device 58 (filter, amplifier, level control) for processing into a microcontroller (DATAIN). Signals containing data are, for example, a command to call door unit 2 with a subscriber address. The bus coupler 22 determines this address and, when it matches the pre-programmed address, issues a call tone via the CQMBUS bus. The CCMBUS bus is also routed to other modules via a plug connector.

Through the COMBUS bus, the microcontroller of the bus connection device 22 receives, for example, a command to activate a door opener from a button module. He transmits this command when converting the level and format through the transmission stage 60 (amplifier, filter, level converter), the rectifier 48 and, if any, then through the video filter 50 to the system bus 6. First of all, he must activate the transmission stage 60 through the ENOUT signal . As a result of disconnection, the resistance at the output of the transmission stage is high, as a result of which the load does not arrive at the signal level on the system bus 6 in the passive state of the subscriber.

When voice communication with another bus consumer unit is active, the AUDIOBUS bus is switched on, which goes from the microcontroller through the ENAUDIO switch to the transfer stage 60. The transfer stage 60 is in the active state and transmits AUDIOBUS speech signals received from the sound pickup module or audio module after level adjustment to the system bus 6. If voice signals are transmitted only inside the consumer, for example, from a voice recorder to an audio module, the ENAUDIO switch opens the contact and separates the AUDIOBUS bus from the stage before 60 60. Thus, even during the internal transmission of speech signals, data signals can be sent without speech signals through the transmission stage 60 to the system bus 6.

Next to the output of transmission stage 60 is a local working resistor (corresponding to the telephone loop), which allows the simultaneous transmission of signals for two consumers from transmission stage 60, which has a low resistance, to bus 6. As a result of the resulting division of the working resistance voltage on the system bus 6, then half level.

To connect the modular components of the bus subscriber unit as described above, preferably a four-wire cable is sufficient. The bus coupler 22 also has three couplers (CN3, CN4, CN5 in accordance with 34 in FIGS. 2 and 4) to which other modules can be connected.

In the event that individual modules consume more current, which in large installations can no longer be taken from the system bus 6, it is possible to connect an additional power source (ZV-A, ZV-B). Greater current consumption is required, for example, for the lighting call button. The bus coupler 22 also has a CN2 terminal with ZV-A and ZV-B, to which a constant voltage with any polarity is connected. Moreover, in small installations it is possible to take additional power from the system bus 6 by connecting the bus wire at the same time (optional) to the terminals CN1 and CN2. The second rectifier 62 again makes a polar-neutral connection possible. The second video filter 64 eliminates the video signals at the input. The bus coupler 22 does not require additional power. The output wires of the ZV + and ZV- rectifier 62 go directly to the interface between the bus coupler and other connected modules. In this case, another four to six cores are added to the four cores of the internal bus 20 that are still available.

There is an optional CN6 interface when video signals are also transmitted through the system bus 6. In this case, the system bus 6 in the device connecting the bus 22 is carried out directly to these pairing devices. In these places, along with a six-pole interface device, an additional cable to the video module (camera or display) was made. The interface device does not have to be separate. Its two cores can be located in the CN3, CN4 and CN5 interface devices, so here we get an eight-pole interface device. In the presented example, it was not performed as there is a very small number of door intercoms with video transmission, there is only one video transmitter / video receiver per subscriber, and the massive use of an eight-pole cable would be very expensive.

Audio module (evukovopriemnaya / speech module; 6)

For the construction of the speech device, a speech processing module 28 or 30 is connected to the internal bus 20. This module is a sound pickup unit 30 having an auditory tube 32 with a speech microphone, a sound pickup capsule and a ringing speaker, or a speech insert device 28 to which connected speech device-nozzle 33 (cf. FIG. 4) with a microphone and a loudspeaker. The block diagram shows how the signals of the internal bus 20 are used.

The EXTBUS bus passes directly to the first voltage regulator 66, which regulates the supply voltage of the microcontroller. The output power of the microcontroller is very small and can be taken from the gyrator 54 in the bus coupler 22 (the ENBUS bus switch is off). The voltage regulator 66 has a special design, which has a high impedance input for alternating signals. This is necessary for the active state (the ENBUS switch in the bus coupler 22 is turned on), in which the regulator 66 is located almost on the system bus 6 itself.

The microcontroller is connected by the COMBUS bus to the microcontrollers in the bus coupler 22 and in other modules. From the microcontroller of the bus coupler 22, he receives, for example, as described above, a command to form a call tone. For this, the microcontroller switches on via a POWERON local gyrator 68 with a second voltage regulator 70 connected. A large current is needed from this regulator 70, which is necessary for the ring current and subsequent sound output. The bus coupler 22 includes, for this purpose, in order to supply the necessary current to the controller 70, through the switch of the ENBUS bus, the system bus 6 to EXTBUS.

The local gyrator 68 (since now the gyrator 54 in the bus connection device 22 is bridged) ensures that the switching and supply current of the local amplifiers does not immediately arrive on the bus 6, and before that its ripples are smoothed out.

The loudspeaker and microphone amplifier 72 is powered by a second voltage regulator 70. Through VOLCON, the microcontroller sets the necessary or user-set volume for a call or speech and generates an independent ringing melody via RUETON. It is supplied to a summing point 74 located in front of the loudspeaker amplifier 72, amplified by the loudspeaker amplifier 72, and enters through the ring loudspeaker into a sound pickup or speech module.

If, in the case of the sound pickup module, the auditory tube 32 is removed, then a message is sent to the microcontroller via the so-called fork switch not shown here. It turns off the ringing speaker and reduces the sound power of the amplifier. Using the ENEXTBUS bus switch, the EXTBUS bus is switched according to the alternation of signals to the summing point 74. The speech signals sent from the corresponding station to the system bus 6 are thus configured in the loudspeaker amplifier 72 to the desired output volume and transferred to the now active sound pickup capsule in the auditory handset or speaker in the speech module.

Own speech signals are converted from the microphone in the auditory tube 32 or the speech device-nozzle 33 and fed into the microphone amplifier 72, which transfers them further via the AUDIOBUS bus with the DISAUDIO switch turned on to the bus connection device 22, which again translates them on the system bus 6 to the corresponding station. To reduce the sound intensity of self-forming speech signals in the own speaker, which are returned via the EXTBUS bus to the speaker amplifier 72, the AUDIOBUS bus is inverted to the summing point 74 (suppression of the local effect). In the ideal case, this leads to the disappearance or at least suppression of the reverse speech signals in the speaker.

If we are talking about a speech module (speech device), which allows you to speak without a button for half-duplex communication, the loudspeaker / amplifier unit of the microphone 72 has an additional special switching circuit (IC). It prevents local feedback from the microphone-to-AUDIOBUS → system bus → EXTBUS → loudspeaker loop and is responsible for switching the direction of the conversation (speech balance, two-way communication).

The AUDIOBUS bus itself can also switch to the summing point 74. This is necessary when, for example, you need to listen to a local speech recorder through the loudspeaker of a sound pickup or speech module. To do this, the ENAUDIO switch is turned on, and the DISAUDIO switch is turned off.

The voice recorder has basically the same construction as the sound pickup / speech module. It does, however, have a tape for recording sound or a digital medium for recording voice (IP). Since the voice recorder sends signals only to the AUDIOBUS bus or receives signals only from it, the ENEXTBUS switch is not needed. Also, there is no need to suppress the local effect, since there is either only transmission (listening), or only reception (conversation). When transmitting, only the DISAUDIO switch is on, when receiving, only the ENAUDIO switch is on.

Button module (button nozzle; Fig.7)

The button module 26 allows you to send a call from the door unit 2 or an internal call from the apartment unit 4 to another unit or to implement certain functions of the door or apartment unit (receiving a call, door opener button, light, sound power, etc.). This module 26 also has a voltage regulator 76 for a local microcontroller with a high-impedance input impedance for alternating signals, which is powered by the EXTBUS bus through a gyrator 54 in the bus coupler 22.

The microcontroller evaluates the operation of the local buttons 10, 11 and sends, after they are triggered, a coded message through the CCMBUS bus to the microcontroller of the bus coupler 22 or another module (for example, setting the sound power in the sound recording module 30). The microcontroller turns on or off the possibly available status LEDs (for example, indication of the mode / receipt of a call or acknowledgment).

Presented further in FIG. 7, the illumination of the call button is optional and is powered by an additional source (ZV +, ZV-). The upstream current source 80 creates a constant, independent of the bus voltage current from which the LEDs are powered. Thus, the brightness of the LEDs does not change when the voltage in the bus changes (for example, when the voltage drops during the formation of a ringing tone).

Button base module (button insert)

The button base module 24 (cf. FIGS. 2 and 4) does not contain electronics, but contains only the transmission of signals from the internal bus 20 to three plug connectors (2 for the insert module, 1 for the nozzle module).

Video modules

Video modules not shown here (camera and display) also use EXTBUS, GND, and COMBUS bus signals. The AUDIOBUS bus is not used. Instead, there is a pair of VIDEO-A and VIDEO-B cores (corresponding to the system bus conductor). In addition, the video device in the form of an insert can receive its supply voltage. First of all, it receives or sends video signals. It transmits them, in particular, in the form of a symmetrical signal (push-pull signal) to both conductor wires of the bus. Due to this, the video signals become insensitive to interference from the grounding of the system, since both signals are captured and the noise is attenuated when the signal is subtracted in the receiver.

Control device.

On Fig presents a block diagram of a control device or power supply from the network. A constant voltage on the bus (preferably approximately 26V) is generated by a transformer 82 from a 230V mains voltage with an additional connection of a rectifier 84 and a voltage regulator 86. A gyrator 88 located between the regulator 86 and the system bus 6 increases the impedance at the output of the regulator 86 for alternating signals, such both speech and data. Their level, due to the insignificant impedance at the output of the voltage regulator 86, would greatly decrease. But the output impedance for DC remains small.

Using a video filter, not shown here, the output can eliminate possible high-frequency video signals on the system bus 6 coming from the output of the gyrator 88, which has a low resistance in this frequency range.

Additionally, the control device 8 or the power supply unit from the network contains, in accordance with the device for connecting the bus 22, a microcontroller having a data preparation step not shown here and a transmission step. The microcontroller, upon receipt of a special coded message from the apartment unit (door opener button), sets relay 90 for the door opener. The door opener is powered by another secondary winding of the mains transformer.

In addition, the control device 8 has additionally other DC voltage sources for preparing additional power. It is obtained from the third secondary winding, having a connected rectifier 92 and a regulator 94. However, as an alternative, it is possible to select the necessary additional power from a separate power supply unit not shown here (without a gyrator) (for example, a simple bus power supply).

Benefits of Preferred Execution

- Any extension of the subscriber unit in relation to the button modules (call buttons). Each calling button-nozzle has its own intelligence and should not be triggered or requested from the bus connection device through individual signal cores. Failure of the calling button-nozzle does not lead to failure of the entire subscriber unit;

- Any extension of the subscriber unit in relation to other modules with or without processing of speech signals (voice recorder or manual switch); limited only by the power output of the bus coupler;

- Only one transmission step is required on the system bus in the bus connection device;

- 2/4-wire conversion in the bus coupler forms two paths for the received and sent speech signals and makes it possible to connect other modules, for example a voice recorder with a separate input and output for a speech signal;

- Mechanics: any design of the apartment / door unit by differently installing them in a row of modules one above the other or next to each other, also in combination with other components of the electrical installation (switch, warning system sensor ...).

Alternative execution:

In one of the possible designs there is no AUDIOBUS bus. In this case, the sent speech signals come from the sound pickup / speech module to the EXTBUS bus and during voice communication (the ENBUS bus switch in the bus connection device is turned on) directly to the system bus 6. The benefit is to reduce the internal bus 20 by one core. Here, however, each module that processes speech signals, such as a bus coupler, must have its own disconnectable transmission stage with operational resistance to the EXTBUS bus. The 2/4-wire speech path conversion then takes place in the sound pickup / speech module.

Further, it should be mentioned once again that in relation to the home alarm system, departing from the specific description above, we can also talk about the so-called “1 + n” device. In this case, the bus connection device 22 in each apartment block 4 serves as a connecting link between the declared internal bus 20 and the external two-wire line, and the door block 2 has a multi-core connection, respectively (for each connected apartment block 4 there is one separate wire plus a common ground bus). The invention is not limited to the presented and described examples of execution, but also covers in the sense of the invention resultant forms of execution. In addition, the invention is not limited to the combination of features defined in claim 1 of the formula, but can also be characterized using any other combination of all the individual features disclosed. This means that, in principle, almost every single feature of claim 1 of the formula can be excluded or replaced by at least one separate feature disclosed elsewhere in the application. In this regard, claim 1 of the formula should be understood only as the first attempt to formulate the invention.

Claims (7)

1. Home alarm system with at least one door unit (2) and at least one apartment unit (4), wherein at least the apartment unit / each apartment unit (4) is connected or configured to be connected using a two-wire circuit (6) for transmitting control and / or communication signals, characterized in that at least one section of the existing door and / or apartment unit (2, 4) is modular, and each unit (2, 4), made modular, consists of at least two modules (M) that are connected or made with the possibility of connection with each other using the internal bus (20), and one of the modules (M) forms a bus connection device (22) as a link between the external two-wire circuit (6) and the internal bus (20), and the internal bus ( 20) consists of at least three conductors, namely one grounding bus (GND), one system bus (EXTBUS) leading further along with the grounding bus (GND) to an external two-wire circuit (6), as well as a data bus (CQMBUS), which serves as a grounding bus (GND) for communication between mic controllers ^ C) of individual modules (M). 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the internal bus (20) has, as the fourth conductor, an audio signal bus (AUDIOBUS) related to the grounding bus (GND). 3. The system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the internal bus (20) has two additional conductors (ZV +/-) for additional voltage supply. 4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the internal bus (20) has two additional conductors (VIDEO-A / B) for transmitting video signals. 5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, as modules for each block (2, 4), a bus connection device (22) is provided, as well as at least one button module (26) with at least one electrical switching button (10/11), and / or at least one button base module (24), and / or at least one audio module (28) with a speech function, and / or at least one sound pickup module (30) for connecting a telephone tubes (32), and / or at least one video module with a camera and / or display, and / or at least one m modulus as a voice recorder for acoustic indication and / or at least one module as a display recorder for graphic display. 6. The system according to claim 1 is different in the form of a two-wire bus system, and all the blocks (2, 4) are connected using a common two-wire circuit forming a system bus (6). 7. The system according to claim 1 is different in the form of the so-called “1 + n” device, with all the blocks (2, 4) connected via a common ground bus, and each apartment block (4) connected to the door block (2) help of a separate conductor.

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