RU2325291C1 - Vehicle-mounted machine for mechanical treatment of lower surfaces of bulky articles - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: machine consists of a tool element, moving on the carriage, location module, compensators, linear motor, and slide assembly. Slide assembly is equipped with a suspension unit and trolley mutually connected. Location module is connected with stops, linear motors, and grippers via force control devices and two-position compensators. In the operating conditions, machine is fixed to a centre sill of carriage or to counter-elements of other large-size articles and performs treatment from below.

EFFECT: reduction of time for machine installation and dismantling under large-size articles and expansion of process abilities of the machine.

7 cl, 1 dwg

Description

A mobile machine for machining the lower surfaces of large-sized products belongs to the field of engineering, in particular to the repair of railway cars.

A device for such functioning is known, that is, with a stationary product. "The machine for grinding the blades of large radial-axial turbines and other curved surfaces (Aut. St. RU No. 174959, MKI V24V 19/14, published 07.11.65)" has a trolley with a drive and a latch on which a turntable with a column is mounted, shifted around its axis and in an arc relative to a curved product. On the column there is a headstock with a vertical displacement drive. On the headstock by means of a hinge with two degrees of freedom, a grinding head is attached, equipped with a copy device and tracking systems.

The prototype is “A portable device for processing bed guides (Aut. St. RU No. 2060142, MKI V24V 23/08, published 05/20/96)”, containing a tool head that is movably mounted through sliders on the carriage, which can be moved by a jack along the guides. The carriage is equipped with rollers adjustable by eccentrics. The guides are fixed on an adjustable link connecting them relative to two brackets having remote compensators.

A disadvantage of the known device is the difficulty of adjusting the working position for several degrees of freedom.

The objective of the invention is to reduce the time for installation and dismantling of the machine for processing under bulky products.

The essence of the solution of this problem is represented by the presence of reversible linear drives mounted on a base module having a movable carriage for interchangeable tool bodies, and a caliper equipped with a suspension unit and a trolley and connected to the grippers through a force regulator and linear on / off compensators.

The technical result consists in the guarantee of automatic articulation and dismemberment of the machine with the product.

A mobile machine for machining sections of the lower surfaces of large-sized products is adapted to place working tools under products that are impossible or difficult to turn before processing with traditional equipment. Processed large-sized products should have or can be temporarily supplemented by elements of the fixation of the machine, such as protrusions or openings. Such large-sized products include freight rail cars. All of them have a longitudinal so-called "spinal" beam located on their bottom, equipped with a Friday at each end, by means of which it is connected to its rotary trolleys. Friday is a cylindrical part with a central hole. It contacts the thrust bearing of the swivel trolley by means of horizontal (supporting) and cylindrical (persistent and centering) surfaces that are to be repaired.

The drawing shows a kinematic diagram of a mobile machine for machining the lower surfaces of large products. The machine has a tool body 1 or several interchangeable ones, which can be alternately mounted on the carriage 2. The carriage 2 is movably mounted on the base module, the upper plate 3 of which has stops 4 and lever grips 5 for fixing the machine. In this case, the machine has a movable support 6, which is connected to the trolley 7.

The carriage 2 has a threaded ring 8, which interacts with the base module by means of a hollow support 9 made in the form of a guide cylinder having an internal thread. Moreover, the mutual linear movement of the carriage 2 and the threaded ring 8 is limited. The threaded ring 8 is kinematically connected to a rotational-translational displacement drive having a locking mechanism (not conventionally shown). Said hollow support 9 is rigidly fixed to the upper plate 3 in the middle of the base module below the stops 4, so that the axes of the internal thread and the guide cylinder are perpendicular to it. On the outer surfaces of the hollow support 9, linear drives are fixed along its axis. The stators of linear drives are made, for example, in the form of nuts 10, and the rotors 11 are hollow and equipped with an external thread. In this case, the threaded rotors 11 are connected to the caliper 6 with the possibility of reverse rotation (the reverse circuit is conventionally not shown). The caliper 6 is equipped with a force distribution mechanism, which has a two-arm lever 12, pivotally fixed to its middle, and, through the cavities of the threaded rotors 11, rods 13 pivotally connected by the lower ends to the two-arm lever 12. The tips are attached to the other (upper) ends of the rods 13 14, located inside the housings 15 on-off compensators. Tips 14, made, for example, in the form of disks, have the possibility of periodic contact with the stops 16, which are made, for example, in the form of bushings and mounted on the open end in the lower part of the cases 15 of on-off compensators. The free movement of the tips 14 is selected commensurate with the displacement of the ends of the grippers 5 and the caliper 6. The opposite upper part is the closed end of the housing 15 of each linear on-off compensator connected to the rods 17.

The second ends of the rods 17 through the traction hinges 18 are fixed to the grippers 5. The grippers 5 are made in the form of single-arm levers and are fixed using the end hinges 19. Between the grippers 5 and the upper plate 3 of the basing module, compression springs are installed on the area limited by the traction 18 and end 19 hinges 20. The suspension unit is represented by several compression springs 21, one ends of which are fixed on the trolley 7, and the other on the support 6. The tool body 1, depending on the type of machining, can be made in several versions. For the treatment, in particular, of the three surfaces of the carriage’s Friday, different tool bodies are used, that is, the supporting one is grinding, the persistent one is milling and the centering one (under the pin) is drilling. All instrumental organs, except the drilling one, must have their own drives (not shown conditionally). The drilling tool body 1 acts from a rotary-translational drive of the carriage 2 (not shown conditionally).

Before processing, a large-sized product or wagon is fixed on supports. The height of the supports is fixed. The size of the machine is selected taking into account the horizontal movement under the product, that is, its height should be less than the distance between the level of its movement and the lower surface of the product (that is, the shelves of the spinal beam of the car). From under the car, in particular, its rotary trolleys are removed. The machine is installed in such a way that the center of the instrumental organ 1 is aligned with the treatment area, in particular with the opening of the Friday. In the initial position, the tool body 1 with the carriage 2 is installed below the upper plate 3 of the base module. The base module is located near the caliper 6, that is, linear actuators have a minimum length (their stators 10 cover the lower ends of the rotors 11). Under the action of the springs 20, the ends of the grippers 5 protrude above the upper plate 3 of the base module.

Before any processing operation, the machine is mounted (fixed) on the product (carriage) as follows. Linear drives are included for rotating the rotors 11 so as to bias the base module upward when the caliper is stationary 6. The displacement of the baseline module when the caliper is stationary is ensured by the presence of free play provided in the design of linear on / off compensators. Initially, the displacement of the base module causes a slight decrease in the free travel of the on-off compensators until the stops 4 come into contact with the fixing elements of the machine on the product, in particular with the lower sides of the spine beam shelves. Since the distance between the tips 14 and the limiters 16 in the on-off compensators is chosen commensurate with the stroke of the base module upwards, then after the contact of the stops 4 with the shelves of the spinal beam, they come into contact. Free play in on / off compensators disappears.

Then, while continuing to rotate in the same direction of the rotors 11, the caliper 6 begins to move downward, compressing the springs 21 of the suspension unit, and the basing module remains stationary in the upper position. Now, together with the caliper 6, the bodies 15 of on-off compensators and rods 17 are moved downward, and the grips 5, which were previously above the shelves of the spine beam, rotate around the end hinges 19, compress the springs 20 and are automatically pressed to the other sides (upper) shelves. The possible difference in the settings of the free wheeling or the initial unevenness of the gaps between the stops and the spine beam when placing the machine under the product is eliminated by the force distribution mechanism by deflecting the two shoulders lever 12, which depends on the simultaneous action of the rods 13, rods 17 and grips 5.

After the machine is articulated with the product, the reversed linear drives are turned off. Then turn on the rotary-translational drive of the threaded ring 8. In this embodiment, the machine can perform drilling. After processing a single surface, all drives are turned off. To switch to another type of processing, the machine should be dismantled (disconnected) from the product. They are dismembered by turning on the reverse of the linear drive, that is, by rotating the threaded rotors 11 in the opposite direction. The support 6 rises under the action of the springs 21, and then under the action of the springs 20, the grippers 5 extend from the shelves of the spine beam. An automatically disconnected basing module returns to its original position. On the carriage 2, the instrumental organ 1 is replaced and the installation (joint) processes and the operation of the machine are repeated.

If any other instrumental organ is installed, then after its contact with the surface to be treated, the drive of the rotational-translational movement of the carriage is turned off and locked. Processing is allowed to be performed when the drives of the tool body 1 and the carriage 2 are periodically turned on.

The size of the tool for processing the supporting surface is chosen equal to the diameter of the Friday. The length of the tool for processing the thrust surface is chosen equal to the height of the thrust surface. After processing of all surfaces of the Friday is completed, the base module is returned to its original position and moved outside the product.

The technical result is determined by the automatic interaction of reversible linear motors with a force regulator, linear on-off compensators and grips, guaranteeing the installation and dismantling (articulation and dismemberment) of the machine with the product.

In addition, it is envisaged to expand technological capabilities by changing additional tool heads. Ease of use of the machine is provided by placing it on a trolley.

Claims (7)

1. A mobile machine for machining the lower surfaces of large-sized products, containing a tool body mounted on a movable carriage, a base module, expansion joints, a linear motor and a support connected to each other, characterized in that it is supplemented by a trolley and a suspension unit, which are connected between themselves and a support, a rotational-translational displacement drive connected to a carriage and a base module, which is supplemented by several grippers connected to it, thrusters, linear motors, which are reversible, and several force controllers connected to the caliper, while the compensators are made on-off and connected to grippers and force controllers. 2. The mobile machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the base module has in the central part a vertical hollow support equipped with an internal thread and a cylindrical guide along which stators, for example, four linear motors, the threaded rotors of which are hollow and connected, are fixed along the periphery rotatable with a caliper. 3. The mobile machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the on-off compensator has a thrust and a limiter, respectively attached to the closed and open ends of the hollow body, in the cavity of which a tip is connected connected to the rod, the distance between the limiter and the tip is selected commensurate with the stroke base module. 4. The mobile machine according to claim 1, characterized in that it has four grippers, which are made in the form of levers, one of the hinges of which are mounted on the upper end of the support of the base module, and the others are connected to the upper ends of the rods of the force distribution mechanism. 5. The mobile machine according to claim 1, characterized in that its force regulator is made in the form of a two-shouldered lever pivotally mounted in the middle to a support, the ends of the shoulders of which are pivotally connected to the lower ends of the rods of on-off compensators passed through the cavities of the threaded rotors. 6. The mobile machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the carriage has a threaded ring articulated to rotate relative to it and the hollow support, while mutual linear movements between the carriage and the threaded ring are limited. 7. The mobile machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the suspension unit is made in the form of several compression springs mounted vertically, one ends of which are mounted on a trolley, the other ends are connected to the caliper.