RU2324582C2 - Method of cutting zone cooling and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes.

SUBSTANCE: suggested method repeatedly rotates hot air flow in confined space, its cooled portion is sent to the main cold air flow, which arrives to the cutting zone, or before its delivery to the cutting zone liquid components are additionally ejected and dispersed in it for formation of lubricant-cooling process medium (LCPM). Device contains two successively connected and communicating through the chamber swirling tubes. Cold flow is delivered from the main swirling tube through the branch pipe to the metal cutting zone for cutting tool cooling. Hot flow, which is swirled along the tube wall, comes to the volute of auxiliary swirling tube, where it is again swirled, rejecting oil and water particles to the periphery, where they are mixed with cooled air and ejected through the casing opening and tube into opening of diffuser branch pipe with cold air.

EFFECT: provides economic consumption of lubricant-cooling process medium during metal cutting.

3 cl, 2 dwg, 1 ex

Description

The present invention relates to technological processes and equipment for cooling the cutting zone of metal cutting machines with atomized cutting fluid (COTS).

A known method of cooling the cutting zone of a metal cutting machine that accompanies the operation of the device (see RF patent No. 2016738, IPC 5 B23Q 11/10, 06/15/1990), in which the processing of moist air under excessive pressure is carried out by twisting it in a vortex tube, separation it to cold and hot streams, ionization of the cold stream and directing it to the cutting zone, dumping the hot air stream into the atmosphere without its disposal.

The disadvantage of this method is the lack of utilization of the hot air stream in it, its use to improve the cooling results of the cutting zone.

Of the known closest in technical essence is the method of cooling the cutting zone of a metal cutting machine, accompanying the operation of the device (see RF patent No. 2023567 of December 19, 1990, IPC 5 B23Q 11/10), in which air under excess pressure from the compressor enters through distribution valve into the vortex tube through the cochlea and pipe into the coolant supply zone (coolant), dividing it into hot and cold flows, spraying the sprayed coolant into the cold stream and draining it into the cutting zone, discharging the hot air stream from pipes into the atmosphere without its disposal.

The disadvantage of this method is the uneconomical expenditure of coolant, in the absence of differentiated expenditure of it depending on the different intensity of metal cutting.

A device for cooling the cutting zone (see patent RU No. 2016738, Mcl. 5 B23Q 11/10 dated July 15, 1990) is provided, comprising a vortex tube, a compressed air swirling element, a cold flow outlet pipe made of dielectric material, an ionizer in in the form of a casing placed around a cold flow outlet pipe, electrodes in a cold stream.

Improving the cooling efficiency of the cutting tool in the device in question is achieved by using the effect of ionization of a cold stream, i.e. to increase the cooling efficiency of the tool, it is necessary to complicate the design of the equipment and additional costs for electrical energy during its operation.

Another device is known for cooling the cutting zone of atomized coolant (see patent RU No. 2023567, Mcl. 5 B23Q 11/10 of December 19, 1990), containing a vortex tube, a mixer and a nozzle for supplying atomized coolant. The atomized coolant supply nozzle is connected to the vortex tube from the side of the hot flow pipe, directed along its axis and made with radial holes and a tapering end.

The disadvantage of this device is unstable operation as a result of freezing of the pipe diaphragm, since this changes the amount of coolant supplied to the cutting zone and the cooling conditions of the treatment zone change. Another disadvantage of the device is that with its help it is impossible to provide economical consumption of coolant, to ensure its rational consumption, depending on the intensity of metal cutting.

Closest to the claimed objects in terms of function and technical nature is the device according to patent RU No. 2023567.

The objective of the proposed inventions (method and device) is the economical use of SOTS depending on the intensity of metal cutting.

The problem of the method is solved by the fact that in the known method of cooling the cutting zone, which includes supplying under excess pressure air containing a lubricating cooling medium (COTS), dividing it into cold and hot main streams, directing the main cold air into the cutting zone, the main the hot air stream is re-twisted and partially cooled in a closed volume, re-divided into hot and cooled parts, the cooled part is fed into the main cold air stream containing COTS, For before feeding it further ejected and dispersed liquid components to form a cutting fluid.

The problem of the device is solved in that in the known device for cooling the cutting zone containing a vortex tube, a snail with an opening for introducing air through it into the cavity of the pipe under excessive pressure with COTS, a cold air outlet pipe adjacent to the snail opposite the pipe, the device is equipped with a chamber and an additional vortex tube located in a linear row from the main pipe connecting to its chamber with its end part for the exit of a hot air stream with an additional vortex tube through the chamber the inner cavity of which is made with a diameter exceeding the inner diameter of the main vortex tube, the chamber wall connected to the pipe is made with through holes, a diaphragm with a through hole is placed in the chamber cavity, dividing it into two parts, an additional vortex tube is connected to the camera and provided an additional snail for the hot air flow coming from the cavity of the main vortex tube through the through holes in the chamber wall and in the diaphragm, the additional vortex tube is made in the form of a a channel rigidly and hermetically connected to the additional cochlea with an open end and communicating with its cavity through an opening in its side wall with a cavity of the outlet pipe for cold air of the main vortex tube, and a through axial hole with a shutoff valve is made on the bottom of the glass.

Through holes in the flat wall of the chamber are made with the formation of an annular row in close proximity to the inner surface of the pipe connected to it.

Repeated swirling and partial cooling of the hot air stream in a closed volume and re-separation into hot and cooled parts, followed by the supply of the cooled part to the main cold air stream containing SOTS, or before the additional ejection and dispersion of SOTS is fed into it, provides differentiated consumption of SOTS depending on different intensities of metal cutting and SOTS saving.

The presence on the end of the main vortex tube of the chamber, divided by the diaphragm into two cavities, the presence of holes in the wall and the diaphragm and a channel (tube) connecting the cavity of the main tube with hot air with the inlet of the additional scroll, provides intensive movement and mixing of the hot air stream, swirl and dropping it to the inner surface of the cylindrical wall of the housing of the additional vortex tube, pushing the particles of oil with cooled air through the hole, tube and other hole in enke pipe diffuser in the cool air stream of the primary vortex tube.

The swirling of the gas flow at the bottom of the glass-like casing of the additional vortex tube contributes to the formation of a cooled mixture with reduced pressure in the center, which facilitates the supply and atomization of the liquid component with the valve open, providing lubrication and cooling of the cutting tool under intensive cutting conditions.

The drawings provide an example of the implementation of the “Device for cooling the cutting zone”, confirming the possibility of industrial application of both the method and the device using the entire set of features, where:

figure 1 is a schematic illustration of a device;

figure 2 is an enlarged image of a cross section aa of the device.

The device for cooling the cutting zone contains a vortex tube, which includes the pipe 1 itself with the cochlea 2 with an opening 3 for introducing air through it into the cavity of the cochlea 2 under excessive pressure for its subsequent twisting and separation into cold and hot flows, respectively 4 and 5. The cold stream 4 enters the cutting zone through the diffuser pipe 6.

To the end of the pipe 1 from the outlet side of the hot air 5, an additional vortex tube with a snail 8 and a glass-like body 9 is connected rigidly and tightly through the chamber 7. The main vortex tube, the chamber 7 and the additional vortex tube form a linear row, connected in series and coaxially to the main vortex tube. The inner cavity of the chamber 7 is made with a diameter exceeding the inner diameter of the pipe 1. The flat wall of the chamber 7, facing the end of the pipe 1 from the outlet of hot air 5, is made with through holes "a" in the annular row in close proximity to the inner surface attached to it pipes 7. Chamber 7 is divided into two cavities by a diaphragm 10 parallel to the wall of the chamber with openings “a”. The formed cavity "b" is connected through the tube 11 with an additional vortex tube, with the entrance to its cochlea 8, which performs the function of a converter 9 of the hot air flow from the pipe 1 into cold and hot flows with the body 9. An opening 12 is provided in the cylindrical wall of the chamber 7 for the exit of a portion of the cooled air. The cavity of the housing 9 (cup) is connected through an opening 13 in its side wall, a tube 14 and an opening 15 in the wall of the pipe 6 with its cavity. A through axial hole 16 is made on the bottom of the housing 9 (cup), to which the shut-off valve 17 is connected with the outlet pipe.

The device operates as follows.

Through the opening 3, air under excess pressure enters the cavity of the cochlea 2, where it is twisted and divided into cold and hot flows 4 and 5, respectively. The cold stream 4, formed in the axial zone of the pipe 1, through the diffuser pipe 6 enters the metal cutting zone to cool the cutting tool (shown in the drawing).

Compressed air entering the device under overpressure from a reciprocating compressor initially contains impurities of liquid media (water, oil) in the form of small droplets, fog. The flow of hot air 5, swirled by the cochlea 2, moves in a spiral and translationally along the inner cylindrical surface of the pipe 1 in the direction to the flat wall of the chamber 7, from where through the holes "a", the cavity "b" and the tube 11 fall into another cochlea 8, where it is twisted once, discarding particles of oil and water (separation process) to the periphery and is divided into cold and hot air flows. The cavity "c" serves as a micro-receiver, where the hot air stream throttled through the holes "a" is somewhat cooled, its pressure is stabilized and drops of oil and moisture are partially separated from it. The particles of oil and water discarded by centrifugal force mixed with cold air as a heavier fraction pass through the hole 13, tube 14 and other hole 15 into the diffuser pipe 6 with the main cold air stream. The movement of oil mist through the tube 14 into the cavity of the pipe 6 is explained by the pressure drop in the pipe 6 and in the cavity of the housing 9.

When a swirling flow collides in the housing 9 with its bottom in the center of it, where a cold flow occurs, it forms a turbulence and a decrease in pressure, which facilitates the entry of liquid components into this cavity through an open valve 17 and an opening 16 for the formation of COTS.

In economy mode, when the air in the housing 9 is not enriched with COTS, the valve 17 is in the "closed" position. With intensive metal cutting, when more active cooling and lubrication of the cutting tool is required, the valve 17 is opened and a gas mixture enriched with COTS enters the cavity of the pipe 6. Another part of the cooled air from the axial flow of the housing 9 is sent through the chamber 7 and the hole 12 for disposal.

An example implementation of the method of cooling the cutting zone. The method of cooling the cutting zone is implemented by means of a device (see Fig. 1) and consists in supplying air under an overpressure of 0.4-0.5 MPa, which contains suspended impurities of mineral oil and water, into the opening 3 of the cochlea 2, where this the air is swirled and divided into hot and cold streams 5 and 4, respectively. Cold stream 4 from t ° C to (-20 ÷ 40 ° C) at the outlet of the pipe 6 of the main vortex tube is fed into the cutting zone. In this mode, when the valve 17 is closed, the cooling and lubrication of the cutting zone is carried out due to mineral oil and water, which are in the compressed air coming from the compressor.

Hot stream 5 with t ° C equal to (+ 20 ÷ 40 ° C), passing through chamber 7, is partially cooled and twisted again in the cochlea 8, from where it enters the cylindrical closed cavity of the housing, where it is again divided into hot and cold flows. The latter exits through hole 12, after which it is disposed of. Another part of the cold flow swirls in the bottom of the body, creating a zone with reduced pressure in the center of the hole 16 in the bottom of the glass.

In the intensive metal cutting mode with a lack of lubrication from the cold stream 4, the valve 17 is opened, the process fluid enters the cavity of the housing 9 through the hole 16 with a higher speed due to the reduced pressure in the cavity, i.e. it is ejected and dispersed in a turbulent air flow until the formation of SOTS and enters through the tube 14 and pipe 6 into the zone of intense metal cutting.

According to the type of the proposed device, a prototype was made, on the basis of which the proposed method was successfully tested in laboratory conditions.

Claims (3)

1. The method of cooling the cutting zone, comprising supplying under excessive pressure air containing a lubricating cooling medium (COTS), dividing it into cold and hot main streams, directing the main cold stream to the cutting zone, characterized in that the main hot air stream is reused they are twisted and partially cooled in a closed volume, re-divided into hot and cooled parts, the cooled part is fed into the main cold air stream containing SOST, or before it is additionally supplied liquid components are ejected and dispersed to form an SOST. 2. A device for cooling the cutting zone containing a vortex tube, a snail with an opening for introducing air through it into the cavity of the pipe under excess pressure with COTS, a cold air outlet pipe adjacent to the cochlear opposite pipe, characterized in that it is equipped with a chamber and an additional vortex a pipe located in a linear row from the main pipe connecting to the chamber with its end part for the release of hot air, and the inner cavity of the chamber is made with a diameter exceeding the inner diameter of the main vortex roaring pipe, the chamber wall connected to the pipe is made with through holes, a diaphragm with a through hole is placed in the chamber cavity, dividing it into two cavities, an additional vortex tube is connected to the camera and equipped with an additional scroll for the hot air flow coming from the main vortex cavity pipes through holes in the wall of the chamber and in the diaphragm, the additional vortex tube is made in the form of a glass, rigidly and hermetically connected to the additional snail with an open end and communicating Xia their cavity through an opening in its side wall with a cavity outlet for cold air core of the vortex tube, and on the bottom of the barrel portion provided with a through axial hole shutoff valve. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the through holes in the flat wall of the chamber are made with the formation of an annular row in close proximity to the inner surface of the pipe connected to it.

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