RU2322180C2 - Method and device for carrying out spatial perception anomalies adjustment - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine; medical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: method involves making eye follow light spot on predefined trajectory like radial ones, 8-shaped ones, circular one determined by moving point light source. Eye repeatedly follows the trajectories until stable reproduction of all trajectories takes place. Device has point light source provided with means for producing movable images on the first transparent and the second opaque screen, means for recording eye pupil movements, concave sphere having a set of openings arranged as diffraction grating and graphic output unit. The second screen is movable in the close and long-range field of view. The second screen center is positioned 15° above and that of the first screen 15° below the horizon line.

EFFECT: enhanced effectiveness in treating spatial perception anomalies cases and post-traumatic disorders.

4 cl, 15 dwg

Description

The inventions relate to the field of neurophysiology, psychophysiology and can be used to treat post-traumatic stress disorders, as well as brain disorders caused by stress, fatigue and psychological trauma.

It is known that some birth defects, disorders, or injuries cause anomalies in spatial perception and various attention disorders.

There is a method of desensitization and processing by eye movements (DPDG), described by Shapiro (Shapiro F. Psychotherapy of emotional injuries using eye movements: Basic principles, protocols and procedures / Transl. From English by A.S. Rigin / M .: Independent firm "Class ", 1998. - 496 p.), Which consists in the fact that spontaneous (or forced) eye movements switch the neural processes occurring in the brain between the negative neural experience and the rest of the neural network, which normalizes the functional processes of the neural network of the brain.

A known method of correcting the functional state of a person and a device for its implementation (patent RU No. 2217182, publ. 2003.11.27). The method includes exposure to pulsed light radiation that varies in frequency and amplitude in accordance with the pulse parameters. The exposure is carried out alternately on each eye sideways with light radiation flashing with a frequency of 0.15-0.6 Hz. Light emission is modulated by pulse signals with a frequency of 2-12 Hz, which have the form of a patient's pulse wave with a maximum amplitude of 5-6 lux, with a repetition period of 1.25 times the duration of the pulse signal itself. Exposure is carried out 2-4 times a day for 10-15 minutes daily for 10-14 days. The device for implementing the method comprises a controlled functional converter connected to light sources. The light sources are installed in a housing made in the form of a half mask of opaque material.

The disadvantage of the above methods is the large number of procedures for correcting the human condition, since the processes of switching the neural network of the brain are slow, and to restore normal brain function requires a repeated repetition of the desensitization process. In addition, the known methods do not take into account the near and far space of perception, which affect various chains in the neural network of the brain.

Also known is a method and apparatus for analyzing the movement of one or both eyes of a person or animal (US patent No. 5555895). The device includes two video cameras mounted on a platform with handles and rigidly fastened together, forming part of a removable module; while the points of sight of the subject are close to one another.

A device is known for measuring the position of the point of fixation of the gaze (point P ') on the video screen (US patent No. 56668622). The device comprises a tripod positioned close to the eye. On a tripod, the first lighting lamp and video camera are mounted at such a distance that the image of the entire eye is obtained, and a tripod remote from the eye, on which a video screen is installed opposite the eye, as well as many light sources illuminating the eye in the intervals between light pulses sent from the first lamp. Light sources are located around the video screen, and the light from them creates reflected glares on the cornea of the eye. The device also includes means for processing images of the eye. In addition, the description discloses a method of illuminating the eyes with short flashes, each of which is emitted at the time the image acquisition is completed, a method of using the device to display images on the video screen that change in accordance with eye movements, where a high resolution zone is located around the gaze fixation point P (Z), as well as a method of moving this area in accordance with eye movements.

A device is known for changing the level of brain activity by supplying sensory stimuli (patent RU 2266144 from 2002.11.18, A61N 1/18, A61M 21/00, A61H 1/00). The device is equipped with a set of technical tools that provide stimulation of the senses (auditory and visual analyzers), thermal and mechanoreceptors, as well as percutaneous electrical stimulation in various combinations and sequences. The device uses a design of technical devices that provide sensory irritations, in particular, a set of LEDs, for example, white, blue, green, red, or a combination of them, is used to stimulate the visual analyzer, some of which are located on the inner surfaces of the glasses of light-protective glasses in the center of the glasses, and the rest peripherals in the form of radially diverging lines, to stimulate the auditory analyzer - a set of microdynamics, one of which is located in the center of the earphone, and the rest are located centrically on the periphery at least in two rows; for stimulation of mechanoreceptors - a set of vibrators, for example, micro-relays, some of which are located concentrically on the periphery at least in two rows; for stimulation of thermoreceptors - a set of IR LEDs, some of which are located in the center of the thermode, and the rest are arranged concentrically at the periphery in at least two rows, for percutaneous electrical stimulation - electrodes with a centrally located contact plate and concentrically located electrically isolated contact plates at the periphery of at least two rows. Sensory stimulus generators are equipped with independent communication channels with central and peripherally located stimulants. Generators are connected electrically to a control unit connected to a personal computer.

However, none of the above inventions allows testing of a person with respect to anomalies of his spatial perception with the subsequent correction of anomalies. In addition, none of the devices mentioned above allows a complete analysis of the static and dynamic phenomena that occur separately in the near and far spatial perception: a closely located object or a remote object. Also, none of the devices mentioned above uses diffraction methods for correction to switch neural processes occurring in the brain between negative neural experience and the rest of the neural network, which normalizes the functional processes of the neural network of the brain.

The objective of the present invention is to develop a universal method and device for testing people in relation to the anomalies of their spatial perception and subsequent correction of spatial perception using diffraction.

The problem is achieved by the fact that in the method of psychophysiological correction of anomalies of spatial perception, which consists in tracking the eyes of the light spot along a specific path, namely along radial trajectories, along trajectories in the form of a figure of eight, along a circular path defined by a moving point source of light, eye tracking is performed in the near and far spaces. Tracking the eyes along the paths is repeated until a stable effect of reproduction of all paths. A device for the psychophysiological correction of detected anomalies of spatial perception contains a device made in the form of a concave hemisphere with holes deposited on it located in the form of a diffraction grating and a moving point source of light located on the screen. The screen moves at different distances, namely, into the zone of the near space of perception and into the zone of the far space of perception of the eyes.

The inventions are based on knowledge from the field of human physiology and on the observations made, as a result of which it was found that the visual perception of each person separately uses images of the near and far planes, which exist independently of our consciousness. For example, when reading books or looking at a computer keyboard, a person uses the near field of view. It is known that in an adult, the center of the near field is located at a distance from the retina and up to 30-40 cm from the eye, and the plane of the near field is usually 15 ° below the horizon through the pupil of the eye of the observer. The long-range field extends from the boundaries of the near-field field to infinity, i.e. from 30-40 cm to infinity, and the plane of the long-range field is usually 15 ° above the horizon line passing through the pupil of the eye of the observer.

Examples of using the long-range field: observation of the road while driving, view of the blackboard in the classroom, viewing the flight control panel in the air traffic controller's premises. Usually, the observer cannot simultaneously clearly see objects located in different fields, and switching vision from one field to another changes the plane of accommodation and the angle of observation.

The processes of visual perception of objects located in the near and far field of view (hereinafter referred to as the “near” and “far” field, respectively) are different and have a complex psychophysiological nature. If we consider the psychophysiological processes that occur when observing objects, then all people can be divided into the following 4 categories:

1) people with normal spatial perception of objects located both in the near and in the far field;

2) people with normal spatial perception of objects located in the near field, but with anomalous perception of objects in the far field;

3) people with normal spatial perception of objects located in the far field, but with anomalous perception of objects in the near field;

4) people with anomalous spatial perception of objects located both in the near and in the far fields.

These anomalies can be detected by the specific movement of the pupils of the observer, for example, by the nature of the horizontal, vertical or circular motion of the pupils. This is true in relation to observations of objects of both near and far fields. In medicine, this movement of the eye pupils is known as the saccadic or nystagmoid movement, and in neurophysiology, the saccadic nystagmus.

Saccades, or spasmodic movements, are normally used when you need to quickly move your eyes from one object to another. Since the eye does not see during such a jump, it is best if this movement is as fast as possible. Typical angular velocity of the pupil during saccades is from 200 to 600 degrees per second. It takes about 1/3 of a second to move the gaze to the side 90 degrees (which seems to be a rather long interval of non-vision). Saccades or movements that occur very quickly often have the ability to go unnoticed.

In pathological conditions, the most frequently observed abnormalities associated with saccades are either instability (wobble, trembling and dancing eye syndrome) or inability to inhibit saccades (abrupt pupil jumps along the meander, saccadic nystagmus). Methods for registering saccadic nystagmus are well known and described, for example, in an article by T. Hain (T.S. Hain) "Saccadic nystagmus."

Another particular anomaly of spatial perception has been identified, which may occur in some people. This anomaly can be called the “broken mirror phenomenon”. This phenomenon manifests itself as a violation of the continuity (discreteness) of vision at the edge of the mentioned fields of vision, especially when the vision is quickly switched from one field of vision to another.

Another discovered anomaly that manifests itself in the near or far vision field is the so-called “sudden glancing of the gaze up and down,” or the “gliding phenomenon”.

The next discovered anomaly, which manifests itself in the near or far vision field, is the cutting of the sector along the chord with circular eye movements.

At the correction stage, it was found that when light passes through the diffraction grating in the near perception space, the subjects note Fresnel diffraction, and the axis of the diffraction maximum is 15 ° below the horizon. When light passes through a diffraction grating in the far space of perception, subjects note Fraunhofer diffraction, and the axis of the maximum diffraction is 15 ° above the horizon.

The present invention is based on the fact that the nature of the movement of the pupil is associated with impaired spatial perception.

The method is as follows.

Initially, at the diagnostic stage, a check is carried out for the presence and structure of spatial anomalies, namely:

1. Saccadic eye movements when tracking the movement of a light spot.

2. Slipping gaze when tracking the horizontal movement of the light spot.

3. The movement of the eye along the arc when tracking the horizontal movement of the light spot.

4. Cutting off the eye sector when tracking the circular movements of the light spot.

This test (testing) is carried out separately for the near and far spaces of perception. In the presence of at least one of the violations, anomaly correction is performed.

The test person sits in a chair, his head is fixed, and he can only follow the object with his eyes. The object can be a light signal of any shape with any sufficient brightness. The light signal is first projected onto the near screen located in the near field of view. As the pupil of the eye of the observer follows the moving light signal, the equipment registers the movement of the eye through image sensors. Such measurements are performed separately when observing the near and far field of view. If necessary, without changing the position of the head of the observer and without interruption in recording eye movement, the projection of the light signal switches to the long-range viewing screen located in the said far field. The movements of each eye and changes in the size of the pupils are recorded in each case separately, and the registration results can be recorded in computer memory, after which it becomes possible to compare records for both eyes, as well as compare with previously obtained records in order to determine the dynamics of changes characterizing the spatial perception of the observer . The trajectories of the light signal can be different, they can be selected for the diagnosis of various disturbances in spatial perception or for other purposes. In particular, examples of normal perception are compared with patterns of abnormal perception, and such a comparison makes it possible to clearly identify the presence of disorders or the nature of their changes.

The described method is implemented using the device shown in figures 1, 2; figure 3, 4, 5 shows the movement of the light spot on one of the screens; figure 6 (a, b, c, d) shows the movement of the pupil when tracking a light spot; in FIG. 7 schematically shows the movement of the screens; on Fig - diffraction grating, frontal image and side view; figure 9 a - the trajectory of circular motions of the light source, b - the radial trajectory of the movements of the light source; figure 10-15 shows examples of the detected anomalies of figure 10, 13 in the near field of perception; 11, 14 - in the far field of perception; 12, 15 - after carrying out the correction method.

The device consists (figure 2) of means 1 for fixing a person’s head, device 2 made in the form of a concave hemisphere with holes 3 deposited on it located in the form of a diffraction grating, and means for creating an image 4.

The correction device uses the screen 5 of the near field of perception and the screen 6 of the far field of perception, which are located at a distance so that the horizontal axis passes exactly through the eye of the observer and the center of the first and second screen.

The device also contains an image sensor 7 for recording the position of the pupil of the observer’s eye, an information storage device 8, a data processing unit 9, a data collection unit 10, a processor 11 and a display device 12, a platform 13.

For diagnostics, the device shown in FIG. 1, the first screen 5 is flat, and the second screen 6 has a curved shape, with its concave side facing the device 1 for fixing a person’s head.

The device 1 for fixing the human head, the transparent first screen 5 and the second opaque screen 6 are mounted on the supporting platform 13 so that the horizontal axis XX passes through the point located between the eyes of a person (not shown), whose head is fixed in the device 1, and also through the geometric centers O ₁ and O _{2 of the} first and second screens, respectively.

In addition, the device is equipped with means 4 for creating an image on the first screen, made in the form of a laser projector designed to project moving images on the first screen 5. The laser projector can be placed in any place convenient for projecting moving images, in particular light spots on the first screen 5. As shown in FIG. 1, the image creating means 4 is located between the first screen 5 and the second screen 6.

As shown in FIG. 1, the imaging means 4 is positioned near the edge of the screen 5 and 6, in addition, the arrangement is such that it eliminates the possibility of a direct beam of light generated by the laser in the human eye.

The image generated by the projector 4 is controlled by the data processing unit 9.

The device includes a means of recording the movement of the pupil of a person, made in the form of sensors (sensors) of images that continuously monitor and record the movement of the pupil. Since both sensors for tracking the pupils of both eyes are the same, the diagram shows only one of them - sensor 7.

The image sensor 7 should be installed so that it does not block the field of view of a person. The sensor 7 is connected to the processor 11 through the data collection unit 10, which receives data from the drive 8, the data processing unit 9.

The first screen 5 can be made of a transparent material with a high transmittance, not less than, for example, 99.0%. This screen may be flat or have a slight negative curvature (with a radius of curvature of 30 to 60 cm). It can be made of glass or plastic and coated with a composition partially absorbing and scattering light with a wavelength of 632.8 or 532 nm, which is emitted by a laser that creates a moving image. The screen should provide a clear vision by a person of the image on the far screen in the position when the person’s head is fixed in the device 1.

The second screen 6 may be transparent or opaque, it can be made of glass, plastic or other materials. It, for example, can be made of opaque glass. Opaque material is preferred. The screen 6 may be color to enhance color contrast and better perception of a moving image. It may have a coating that partially absorbs and scatters the light incident on it. The curvilinear surface shape of this screen is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. It can be spherical, have the shape of a paraboloid of revolution, or any other suitable shape. The average radius of its curvature can range from 80 to 150 cm. The indicated numbers are given as an example.

Projectors 4 generating moving images include laser light sources and systems deflecting a light beam that can produce light beams having in a static position a size of 2 to 5 mm on the corresponding screen. The movements of the light beam are controlled by the so-called electro-optical image generator or laser image generators having a deflecting head that controls the position of the light spot in a wide range of motion speeds with the ability to set the coordinates of the spot from the light beam. In the present invention, the optimal speeds of movement of the light spot on the first screen 5 and on the second screen 6 should be considered speeds in the range of 1-100 cm / s

The movement of the light spot shown in FIG. 3 can be performed by projecting a moving object (light spot) onto the first 5 or second 6 screens (FIG. 1) using one of the projectors 4. At the top of FIG. Figure 3 shows an example of the movement of a light spot 14, which moves along a selected path - along the oval 15 indicated by the arrow. Testing starts from a predefined spot of the light spot - from point 17. First, the light spot 14 moves in the clockwise direction at a predetermined speed from point 17 to point 18. Then, the movement of spot 14 is interrupted for a time sufficient for the eye to accommodate next observation (about 0.8-1.2 seconds). If necessary, a person can be asked if he is ready for the next stage of testing. Then, the movement of the light spot 14 resumes from the same point 17 to point 18, but now in the opposite direction. In both of these cases, the sensor 7 (Fig.1, 2) monitors and registers the nature of the movement of the pupil. The recorded data is transmitted to the processor 11 and, if necessary, reproduced on the display device 12. In the case of normal spatial perception, the trajectory 15 of the pupil in any part of it will be devoid of any nystagmus.

Figure 4 shows the trajectory 16 along which the pupil of a person follows while the person is tracking the movement of the light spot 14 (in figure 3). In the case of normal perception, the path 16 should be similar to the path 15, i.e. do not contain nystagmic movements.

4 shows a close-up of nystagmus 19. Although this nystagmus may include a reciprocating movement of the pupil along the same line, for ease of explanation in FIG. 4, the nystagmoid (saccadic) movement is indicated by a zigzag line. Such a nystagmoid means that at this point in time a person does not see a light spot 14, and this circumstance can be regarded as a deficit of spatial perception in a person.

Another example from the same test, presented in figure 5, may indicate another defect in spatial perception. In the case of a lack of spatial perception, a person’s gaze when tracking a path in the form of a circle or an ellipse 15 (FIG. 3) can cut off some part of the path along the chord and shorten the tracking path. This “clipping” (straightening of the trajectory) is shown in FIG. 5 as the movement of the gaze along the chord 20. The clipping can take place in any part of the trajectory of the pupil.

Figures 6 (a, b, c, d) illustrate a test similar to the test shown in figure 3, but with a linear reciprocating movement of the light spot. Line H shows the horizontal plane in which lies the line XX, shown in figure 1, i.e. the line passing through the midpoint between the eyes of the person and the centers of the screens 5 and 6. In this case, in Fig.6, line XI-X2 shows the trajectory of the light spot 14 on the second screen 6, and line X3-X4 displays the trajectory of the light spot 14 on the first screen 5. It is easy to see that the horizontal plane indicated by the line H is located between the indicated trajectories XX.

In this test, the light spot 14 starts moving from the point X1 forward (from Fig.6 - from right to left), and then from the point X2 moves in the opposite direction (in Fig.6 - from left to right).

On fig.6b characteristic for the near space of perception. When tracking a light spot along the X4-X3 trajectory, the phenomenon of glancing at the end of the light line is observed. In this case, the slip can be either lower or higher than the axis X4-X3, which corresponds to curve 21.

On figs shows typical violations of the movement of the pupil on the screen of distant perception. When the light spot moves along the X1-X trajectory, ₂ eyes move along an arcuate curve 22.

On fig.6d presents another anomaly of spatial perception, similar to 19, which was shown in figure 4, but it consists in a linear nystagmoid movement in the form of a zigzag line. The zigzag line is shown conditionally, since in fact this movement can be reciprocating along the same straight line.

7 shows the movement of the screen from the near perception space to the far space A-A1.

Thus, at the diagnostic stage, the possibility of identifying the most typical disorders was shown. The diagnostic phase is necessary to verify the effectiveness of corrective measures using a diffraction grating.

The next step is the correction.

For this, the light spot is replaced by a powerful light source, i.e. the image creating means 4 is replaced by a moving powerful light source (instead of a laser projector) located on the screen 6. And between the eye and the light source there is a diffraction grating 3 (Fig.2).

In figure 2, the screen 6 is movable with respect to the platform 13, the path of movement of the screen 6 is A-A1.

The diffraction grating 3 (figure 2, 7) is an opaque concave plate with round holes and can be made in the form of glasses.

Correction is carried out separately at the near and far field of perception - a movable screen 6 (figure 2). Moreover, the center of the far screen is located 15 ° above the horizon, which is perceived by the subject as an object located in the far space. When light passes through a diffraction grating in the far space of perception, subjects note Fraunhofer diffraction, and the axis of the maximum diffraction is 15 ° above the horizon.

The center of the near screen is located 15 ° below the horizon, which is perceived by the subject as an object in the near space. When light passes through a diffraction grating in the near space of perception, subjects note Fresnel diffraction, and the axis of the maximum diffraction is 15 ° below the horizon.

The exposure is carried out alternately on each eye or simultaneously. Exposure is carried out 1-2 times a week for 5-10 minutes for 2-2.5 months.

During the correction process, the light source (Fig. 8) moves along circular (a) and radial (b) paths.

With the passage of light through the diffraction grating, subjects experience various phenomena.

With a light source in the near space, classical Fresnel diffraction is detected, and with a light source in the far space, Fraunhofer diffraction is recorded. (See Landsberg G.S., Optics, 4th ed., M., 1957 (Course in General Physics, vol. 3): Tarasov K.I. Spectral Instruments. L., 1968.)

As a result of the correction, normalization of the eye trajectories due to the normalization of the psychophysiological processes of the brain is noted.

The described method of psychophysiological correction of spatial anomalies can be demonstrated in the following examples, shown in Figures 10-15.

Example 1

Misha K., 8 years old, student of the 2nd grade of a comprehensive school.

Attention disorder (deficit) with hyperactivity disorder (according to the international classification of diseases, ICD-10 code F 90.0 ADHD). Dysgraphia.

Complaints: when reading often loses a line. When tired, sometimes writes letters or numbers in a mirror image (dysgraphia). Cannot retell text that has just been read. When reading, it quickly gets tired. Relatively well catches objects thrown to him (for example, a ball) with a frontal (sagittal) throw. And, due to distortions of space, misses the ball with a diagonal throw. Fuzzy and distorted perceives moving objects with peripheral vision, for example, cars on the road. When crossing the road, he often tries to cross in front of closely moving vehicles, clearly not appreciating the safe distance. He can’t play “classics”, because it is not clear where the bat is flying.

Initial state before correction during psychophysiological examination:

in the near space of perception is shown in Fig.10.

A "gliding phenomenon" was discovered upward at the end of the light string. That is, when reading, the boy’s look rises 1-2 lines higher, by the boy this is perceived as a loss of line. And when reading long unfamiliar words, the eye movement "cuts off" the end of the word, the subject has to either fantasize, thinking the end of the word, or re-read the word 1-2 times. In this case, the contents of the previous text fragment are forgotten, cannot be retold, the axis of the near perception space Y-Y1 is shifted - line B.

The phenomenon of "broken cherkal" was discovered. That is, in the process of tracking the horizontal movement of the light bunny, approximately 15-17 ° to the right of the sagittal vector, saccadic (like horizontal nystagmus) eye movements are detected. When a letter or number falls into the space of a “broken mirror”, it sees the numbers / letters upside down. Accordingly, it writes in their mirror image. That is, there are signs of dysgraphia.

Also found are characteristic horizontal saccadic eye movements when reading at the end of the line.

In the far perception space of FIG. 11, the axis of the far perception space Z-Z1 is offset, line D.

In the process of tracking the horizontal movement of the light bunny in the zone of far perception space, an arcuate eye movement is observed - line D.

Thus, according to the results of the examination, the subject revealed specific disorders in the near and far spaces of perception in the form of the phenomenon of "glancing", the phenomenon of "broken mirror", and also found characteristic horizontal saccadic eye movements when reading at the end of the line, causing rapid fatigue when reading.

The subject underwent a course of psychophysiological correction with the help of a device - device, in the form of a concave hemisphere with holes placed on it, located in the form of a diffraction grating, and a moving point source of light moving into the zone of the near space of perception and into the zone of far space of perception of the eyes.

Moreover, in the process of correction in the near space, classical signs of Fresnel diffraction were noted, and in the far space - classical signs of Fraunhofer diffraction.

A correction course was carried out 1-2 times a week, for 10-15 minutes. Only 9 procedures for 2.5 months.

The state after correction during a psychophysiological examination - Fig.12:

In the near space of perception.

The phenomenon of "slipping glances is not detected.

The phenomenon of “broken mirrors is not detected.

There are no saccadic eye movements.

Eye movements are smooth, uniform. When reading, there is no line loss. The reading speed has increased significantly, it easily retells the content of the read text. At the same time, when reading long unfamiliar words, he is having difficulty. There are no signs of dysgraphia in school notebooks.

In the far space of perception:

in the process of tracking the horizontal movement of the light bunny, eye movements are strictly horizontal, smooth, uniform. It catches the ball well with direct and diagonal throws, and enjoys it. (He refused to play “girl’s classics” during testing.) School performance has noticeably improved. In the process of correction of violations in the test subject, under other standard conditions, in the near space, at an angle of 15 ° below the horizon, classical signs of Fresnel diffraction were observed, and in the far space, at an angle of 15 ° above the horizon, classic signs of Fraunhofer diffraction.

Example 2

A 42-year-old man, entrepreneur, 9 years of driving experience.

Complaints of overwork at work and chronic fatigue. From his words. the last 1.5-2 years, stereotypical situations arose when at the intersection a car moving on the left appeared unexpectedly in the field of view, “like a devil from a snuffbox”. As a rule, he managed to react. However, twice in such a situation he got into minor accidents. Cannot use the right and especially the left rearview mirror. At the same time, he claims that he sees the moving vehicle in the mirror, but is "inconvenient to use", the distance is not clear, in his opinion, the central upper rear-view mirror is much more convenient. There is no panoramic view of the situation on the road and the dashboard, so for a split second you have to switch attention from the situation on the road to the dashboard.

With a psychophysiological examination

In the near space of perception is shown in Fig.13.

A “broken mirror phenomenon” was discovered on the right and left. That is, in the process of tracking the horizontal movement of the light bunny, approximately 15-17 ° to the right of the sagittal vector and especially to the left of the sagittal vector, saccadic (like horizontal nystagmus) eye movements are detected. Lateral fields of view slightly narrowed.

In the far perception space is shown in Fig. 14.

In the process of tracking the horizontal movement of the light bunny in the zone of far perception space, an arcuate eye movement is observed. At the same time, a “broken mirror phenomenon” was discovered on the left.

The subject underwent a course of psychophysiological correction with the help of a device in the form of a concave gulusphere with holes placed in it in the form of a diffraction grating, and a moving point source of light moving into the zone of the near space of perception and into the zone of far space of perception of the eyes, depending on the detected features of disturbances . Moreover, in the process of correction in the near space, the subjects noted the classic signs of Fresnel diffraction, and in the far space - the classic signs of Fraunhofer diffraction.

Correction course 1-2 times a week, for 10-15 minutes, only 12 procedures for 2.5 months.

Condition after correction during a psychophysiological examination - Fig. 15.

In the near space of perception.

The phenomenon of "glancing" is not detected. The phenomenon of "broken mirror" is not detected. There are no saccadic eye movements. Eye movements are smooth, uniform.

In the far space of perception.

In the process of tracking the horizontal movement of the light bunny, eye movements are strictly horizontal, smooth, uniform.

After the second correction procedure, a panoramic view of the dashboard appeared, so the need to switch attention from the situation on the road to the dashboard disappeared. According to him, "from the corner of my eye I began to see the location of the speedometer needle, as well as the position of the gear shift lever."

Changes in the far space of perception.

Around the middle of the correction course, a panoramic overview of the traffic situation appeared. Can use the right and especially the left rearview mirror. At the same time, he claims that in the right rear-view mirror the moving vehicle sees, but it is more convenient and habitual to use the central upper mirror.

Thus, according to the subject, the internal stress during driving decreased, especially at the intersections.

In the process of correction of disturbances in a test subject, under standard conditions, in the near space, at an angle of 15 ° below the horizon, classical signs of Fresnel diffraction were observed, and in the far space, at an angle of 15 ° above the horizon, classic signs of Fraunhofer diffraction.

Thus, the use of the method of psychophysiological correction of spatial anomalies of spatial perception and the device for its implementation in accordance with the present invention make it possible to identify spatial anomalies that are not detected by other methods and devices, and which can be used to determine the professional suitability of a particular person to perform specific duties, especially in the case of occupations associated with high risk.

The invention can also be used to test people in relation to the features of their spatial perception on the basis of personalized databases compiled for specific activities and for specific individuals.

Claims (4)

1. The method of psychophysiological correction of spatial perception anomalies, which consists in tracking the eyes of the light source along a specific path, namely along radial paths, along paths in the form of a figure eight, along a circular path defined by a moving point source of light, characterized in that the eye tracking is performed in near and far spaces through the diffraction grating. 2. A device for the psychophysiological correction of anomalies of spatial perception, containing a point light source with means for creating moving images on the first, transparent, and second, opaque screens, the centers of which are installed on the horizontal axis of the eye, a means of recording the movement of the pupil, a concave hemisphere with holes applied to it located in the form of a diffraction grating, and located between the eye and the screens, and a display device. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the second screen is arranged to move in the near and far field of view 4. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the center of the second screen is located 15 ° above the horizon, and the center of the first screen is 15 ° below the horizon.

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