RU2319812C2 - Method for foundation movement control with the use of jet engines - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction, particularly to erect industrial and civil buildings on collapsible soil characterized by non-uniform settlement in karstic territories.

SUBSTANCE: method involves creating through nozzles in foundation body; filling the nozzles with working body and connecting ground pump to each nozzle flange; providing eccentrically compressed column stanchions with support T-bars connected with foundation through anchoring bolts, wherein the anchoring bolts have fastening nuts arranged from top part thereof and support straightening nuts located under support T-bar; arranging nozzles so that nozzle flared mouths extend in foundation bottom and side edges; connecting ground pumps provided with double-acting impulse hydraulic jacks with nozzle flanges; switching-on hydraulic jacks; injecting and pressing working body in nozzles with the use of said jet engines and creating jet thrust by working body jet flowing from nozzles; extruding working body from nozzles under foundation and controlling foundation displacement by jet engines; providing upward foundation movement to press-out and pull-out foundation from ground base up to design mark; intruding and introducing working body in weakened ground base zones under foundation and consolidating ground base in weakened zones; extruding working body from nozzles in backward direction and imparting forward movement to foundation; extruding working body from nozzles in forward direction and imparting backward movement to foundation; extruding working body from nozzles to the right and providing foundation movement to the left; extruding working body from nozzles to the left and providing foundation movement to the right; restoring design foundation position; stopping reactive foundation movement control by switching-off engines; retaining working body in nozzles and fixing foundation in design position.

EFFECT: possibility to control spatial building structure position, provision of design foundation position recovery, prevention of building inclination and settlement.

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Description

The present invention relates to the construction of industrial and civil buildings on subsiding soils with uneven settlement and in areas of karst development and especially in the construction of structures of high reliability, for example, nuclear power plants [2].

Uneven compressibility of the layers and dips of the soil base under the foundation cause its downward directional movement, accompanied by sediment and roll. In the continuous frame of the structure and in its nodes, dangerous stresses arise, leading to the appearance of cracks in its load-bearing structures and their complete failure, up to failure [1, p. 361].

There is a method of restoring the design position of the foundation after uneven precipitation and a device [3], which is a macroregulator of an eccentrically compressed column. The device includes the installation of a jack beam mounted on the branches of the column, the device in the foundation body of jet propulsion - through nozzles with expanding sockets to the base of the foundation, the installation of pulse jacks. Nozzles are filled with a loose working fluid. Hydrojacks press the working fluid under the foundation onto the piston stroke, then return to their original position and repeat in cycles until the original design position of the foundation is fully restored, creating excessive internal pressure in it, thereby forming reactive thrust and hardening the base under the foundation.

A mover is a device for converting the operation of an engine (in our case a pulsed hydraulic jack) or an energy source into the work of moving a machine (object, in our case, foundation). Mover for moving on land - wheels, tracks, etc., on water - screws, water cannons, etc., through the air (in the ground) - screws, jet nozzles, etc. [4, p.332].

Nozzles [4, p.1128] expand with sockets to the exit from the foundation. The nozzles are completely filled with a working fluid of granular aggregate, such as slag, gravel, brick bricks, interacting with a soil base under the foundation. The working fluid [4, p. 985] is a gaseous, liquid substance (in our case, loose aggregate), with the help of which any energy is converted into mechanical work.

The closest in essence and the technical result achieved is the roll and draft control method implemented by the device [6], which includes the implementation of through nozzles in the foundation body, the bells of which are directed to its sole, attaching soil pumps to each of the flanges, working fluid in the nozzle and under the foundation.

The performance of the above method of managing the foundation mark should be improved.

The objective of the invention is to control the movement of the foundation of jet engines that create jet thrust, control the spatial position of the entire structure and the full restoration of the design position of the foundation, frame of the structure and prevent the occurrence of bank and draft.

The problem is solved due to the fact that in the method of controlling the movement of the carcass of the structure, which includes performing through nozzles in the foundation body and attaching soil pumps to each of the flanges of the nozzles, according to the invention, the branches of an eccentrically compressed column are equipped with a supporting tee connected to the foundation with anchor bolts , which have fixing nuts on top and supporting straightening nuts under the supporting tee, and a device for nozzles, the bells of which are brought out to the sole and to the side faces of the foundation.

The soil pumps equipped with double pulse hydraulic jacks are connected to each of the nozzle flanges. Include hydraulic jacks of soil pumps. The working fluid is pumped into, pressed into the nozzles by the aforementioned engines and a jet of the working fluid flowing from the nozzles, create a jet thrust.

The working fluid is extruded from the nozzles down under the foundation and the jet thrust controls the movement of the foundation with the engines, the foundation is informed of the upward movement, the foundation is extruded and pulled out from the soil foundation to the design mark.

They intrude, introduce the working fluid into the weakened zones of the soil base under the foundation and strengthen the soil base in the weakened zones.

The working fluid is extruded back from the nozzles and the forward movement is communicated to the foundation. The working fluid is extruded from the nozzles forward and the backward motion is accordingly communicated to the foundation. Extrude the working fluid to the right and inform the foundation, respectively, the movement to the left. The working fluid is extruded to the left and the movement is informed to the foundation to the right.

They restore the design position of the foundation, stop controlling the jet movement of the foundation, turning off the engines, and this wedges the working fluid in the nozzles and locks the foundation in the design position.

As a working fluid, for example, slag requiring recycling is used. The soil pumps [6] pump the working fluid into the nozzles and are driven into reciprocating pulsed action by hydraulic jacks.

The working fluid evenly distributes the internal pressure in the zone of its interaction with the boundary layer of the soil base.

The soil pumps squeeze out the working fluid and create a jet thrust directed upwards, extrude it, introduce it in weakened areas into the soil base, and when transferring reactive resistance from the soil base from the bottom up, the working fluid wedges in the nozzle. Jamming is explained by the presence of an angle of internal friction φ in a loose working fluid [7, p. 856, table 19.2].

Each of the branches of an eccentrically compressed column is equipped with a supporting brand interacting with the foundation. The branches of the column are connected by anchor bolts to the foundation, and are connected to each other by a jack beam.

The working fluid, for example, slag, sand, gravel, is plasticized by clay pulp.

To increase the efficiency of the roll and draft management of the foundation and the entire structure, several soil pumps are installed.

The jet of the working fluid flows under pressure from the nozzle downward and from the sides along the contour, and in the opposite direction, the working fluid is jammed due to the taper of the nozzle and the angle of internal friction φ. The working fluid creates reactive thrust and informs the foundation, and then the eccentrically compressed column of directional movement.

Figure 1 shows the plan of the foundation. Figures 2 and 3 show characteristic sections of a jet thrust foundation, which is a macroregulator and is connected by anchor bolts of an eccentrically compressed column.

In the foundation 1 there are movers - nozzles 2, expanding to its sole. The working fluid 3 is slag, crushed stone, sand, brick fight and the like. The flow of the working fluid 3 directionally flows under pressure from the nozzle and creates a jet thrust in the opposite direction. A plasticizer is added to the working fluid to increase its fluidity. As a plasticizer used conventional clay pulp. The jet nozzle 2, the working fluid 3 in it and the soil pump 4 form a jet engine. Hydraulic jacks of soil pumps drive jet engines into pulsating action.

During the operation of the soil pump, an intrusion is created from the granular working fluid 5 in the soil base 6 under the foundation. The volume of the working fluid is increased by its addition. The foundation rests on a soil foundation directly by itself and through a working fluid in nozzles.

When eliminating the roll of the structure, jet engines include from the side of the maximum foundation sediments, that is, they act with eccentricity and create a counter-momentum.

The foundation is connected to the column 7 using the supporting brand 8. The supporting brands of the column are connected to the foundation using anchor bolts 9, which have fastening nuts 10 on top and supporting straightening nuts 11 under the supporting brand.

To prevent the occurrence of roll and settlement of the structure, the stages stabilize and harden the soil base under the foundations, with jet propulsion, during the construction of the structure. The stabilization efficiency increases as the mass of the structure increases.

Stage 1

The first stabilization is performed after the construction of the foundations. It is also necessary for the implementation of accurate non-alignment installation of the frame of the structure. That is, the first stabilization ensures accurate movement of all foundations to the design position.

The sequence of work is as follows:

- make a geodetic breakdown of the building and dig pits under the foundations;

- in accordance with the geodetic breakdown, the pneumatic formwork made of soft, airtight material [5, p.327], having the shape of a nozzle, is mounted at design points, and it is strained with excess gas or liquid pressure;

- lubricate its outer surface with a composition that prevents adhesion to concrete;

- according to the template, anchor bolts of the branches and the spatial reinforcing frame of the foundation are installed and fix it relative to the pneumatic formwork;

- install the outer formwork of the foundation, for example steel, fix it in relation to the reinforcing spatial frame of the foundation and concrete it;

- fill the formwork with concrete of the required grade to a mark below the design by 100 ... 150 mm, feeding it to concrete pumps on a bottom-up principle, excluding the formation of voids, at the same time concrete is compacted by depth vibrators;

- after setting the concrete, the pneumatic and steel formwork are dismantled and the nozzles are filled with a loose working fluid, leaving room for pistons in them;

- to increase the fluidity, some kind of plasticizer is added to the working fluid, for example, clay pulp, and the sinuses around the foundation are filled with soil;

- screw the lower straightening nuts and washers onto anchor bolts, controlling their elevation, for example, with a laser level, and concreting the foundation to the design elevation;

- prior to the setting of concrete, an eccentrically compressed column is mounted without accuracy in the alignment nuts until the brackets stop;

- at the same time squeeze out excess concrete;

- fix the column with fixing nuts and mount the entire frame of the structure;

- turn on the pulsating pump station, actuate the hydraulic jacks of the soil pumps and compress, impulse the impulses into the propulsors — nozzles and the soil base — by impulses, and compress, strengthen by this weakened zones of the boundary layer of the soil foundation and create an intrusion from the loose working medium in the soil foundation under the foundation ;

- cycles are repeated, the diameter of the intrusion from the granular working fluid is increased until the soil properties under the base of the foundation are stabilized to the design pressure value created by the jet engines;

- stabilize the strength and deformability of the soil base to the design value of the in-situ pressure of the soil base under the foundation;

- cycles are repeated, simultaneously pulling out and squeezing the foundation up with reactive force together with an eccentrically compressed column fixed on it by the value Δ of the calculated settlement of the foundation over time;

- record the pressure created inside the working fluid, and then on the other foundations create the same in-situ pressure, thereby stabilizing the deformability and strength of the weak zones of the soil base by the same amount.

It should be noted that the extrusion of the foundation from the soil is carried out exactly to the design level.

In the case of a roll of the foundation in the y-z plane (the z axis is oriented vertically), for example, the draft on the right side of the foundation is greater than the left, then the cycles are repeated by the engines, to the right of the center of the foundation, until the roll is eliminated.

Similarly, when a roll occurs in the x-z plane. The soil base is stabilized under all the foundations of the structure, creating a calculated in-situ pressure controlled by a pressure gauge. The stabilization of the soil base is done by monitoring the actual position of the foundations, using laser or conventional levels.

Thus, the jet engines of the new foundation provided control over the movement of the foundation, and prevented and excluded the occurrence of bank and settlement of the structure, while the foundations performed the functions of macroregulators. The spatial position and stress state of the entire structure is provided.

After stabilization of the soil base, all foundations are returned to their design position, the deformability of the soil base under them is reduced to a minimum, the bearing capacity of the soil is significantly increased, and the value of settlement predicted over time is significantly reduced.

2 stage

With a non-alignment method, the building frame is completely mounted and, after the construction of the high-reliability structure, for example, a nuclear power plant, is completed, the soil base is re-stabilized.

In this case, the in-situ pressure in the soil base under the sole of the foundation has already reached its normative value and has spread to a greater depth, and therefore, despite the fact that the initial stabilization of the soil has already been carried out, building settlement, although to a lesser extent, can occur.

To prevent precipitation and roll of the structure, the foundation is used, the soil base is re-stabilized as described above (stage 1).

3 stage

They operate the building, regularly level the foundations, for example, once every six months of operation. In case of precipitation detection, individual stabilization of the soil foundation is carried out precisely at these settled foundations.

Simultaneously with stabilization of the soil base, precipitation and heel are eliminated as described above.

Thus, the developed method controls the jet movement of the foundation in three dimensions and prevents the occurrence of bank and settlement of the structure. The new macro-regulating foundations allow you to build buildings on any soil and prevent their roll and settlement, to regulate the in-situ pressure in the soil base, as well as the deformation and stress of the structure frame, achieving its optimal stress state.

The optimal stress state of the frame leads to a significant increase in reliability and a decrease in its material consumption.

The developed method is characterized by the following features:

- the foundation is equipped with jet engines and works as a macroregulator;

- the foundation is equipped with through nozzles, the sockets of which are brought out not only to the bottom of the foundation, but also to the side faces;

- the above location of the nozzle sockets allows you to adjust the position of the foundation structure in space;

- each nozzle filled with a working fluid, together with the soil pump forms a jet engine;

- the jet engine extrudes, extrudes the working fluid and intrudes, introduces it into the soil base in weakened areas and thereby compacts and strengthens the soil base in the boundary layer;

- the working fluid is extruded, squeezed down under the foundation and intruded, embedded in weak zones of the base, but it wedges in the nozzle when it moves backwards due to the angle of internal friction and the nozzle taper;

- the working fluid provides compensation for the missing volume of soil under the foundation;

- after hardening the soil base under the foundation in the contact boundary layer, the reactive forces jack up pulses, squeeze the foundation up from the soil together with the column;

- the working fluid is introduced into the soil base, which leads to a rapid increase in its strength and thereby ensuring high performance control the movement of the foundation and structure;

- the foundation prevents and eliminates uneven settlement and roll of the structure and thereby prevents the appearance of dangerous cracks and damage in the building;

- provided full stabilization of the deformability and strength of the soil base and the equalization of in-situ pressure under the foundation;

- the foundation allows you to pre-prevent the expected draft and roll during the construction process; stabilization of the soil base and equalization of in-situ pressure can be performed several times, as the mass of the structure increases;

- if stabilization of the deformation and strength properties of the soil foundation during the construction process is not performed, then the uneven settlement and roll of the structure are eliminated during its operation and completely restore its design position, and therefore, eliminate stresses caused by uneven settlement of the building frame;

- each of the branches of an eccentrically compressed column is equipped with a supporting brand interacting and connected by anchor bolts to the foundation;

- anchor bolts are equipped with straightening nuts and allow for non-alignment installation of the column;

- the mass of the foundation concrete is significantly reduced, since it has cavities.

The economic effect of the developed foundation arose due to the following:

- management of the movement of foundations with jet engines and the elimination of bank and draft structures;

- regulation of in-situ pressure in the soil base, increasing its strength and reducing deformability due to the pressing of the working fluid into the soil base in weakened areas;

- increasing the area of the base of the foundation by increasing the diameter and volume of intrusions from the working fluid under it;

- involvement of the foundation in effective work and rapid increase in its bearing capacity;

- elimination of the harmful effects of uneven settlement of foundations on the supporting structure of the structure of the structure and thereby significantly increase the reliability and reduce the material consumption of the frame;

- simplification of the operation of the structure, since the design position of the foundations is easily restored.

Bibliography

1. Maslov N.N. Fundamentals of soil mechanics and engineering geology.

2. Kudzis A.P. Reinforced concrete and stone structures. Part 2. Designs of industrial and civil buildings and structures. Textbook for high schools. Graduate School. M., 1989

3. Nezhdanov K.K., Tumanov V.A. and others. The foundation for an eccentrically compressed column. Patent of Russia No. 2225480. E02D 27/00, 27/50, Bull. No. 28. 10/10/2003.

4. BES. Great Encyclopedic Dictionary. Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov. Ed. 2nd. M., BDT, 1998, p.1456.

5. Serensen S.V. and other Fatigue Testing Machines. State Scientific and Technical Publishing House of Engineering Literature, Moscow, 1957, p. 368.

6. Nezhdanov K.K. et al., Gruntonasos. Russian patent No. 2228408, C2. Е02D 35/00, F04В 15/02, Bull. No. 13. 05/10/2004.

7. Reference designer of industrial, residential and public buildings and structures. Settlement-theoretical. Editor A.A. Umansky, M., Stroyizdat, 1960, p. 1040.

Claims (1)

A method of controlling the movement of the foundation with jet engines, including through nozzles in the foundation body, filling them with a working fluid and attaching soil pumps to each of the flanges of the nozzles, characterized in that the branches of an eccentrically compressed column are equipped with a supporting tee connected to the foundation with anchor bolts, which have fixing nuts on top and supporting straightening nuts under the supporting tee, arrange nozzles whose sockets are brought out to the sole and to the side faces of the foundation are connected to each of Ancet nozzles, soil pumps equipped with double-pulse hydraulic jacks include hydraulic jacks for soil pumps, pumping, compressing the working fluid into the nozzles with the aforementioned engines and the working fluid flowing out of the nozzles, create reactive thrust, extrude the working fluid from the nozzles down under the foundation and control the motion of the foundation motors, inform the foundation upward movement, squeeze and pull the foundation from the soil base to the design level, intrude, introduce the working fluid into the weakened zones of the soil base under the foundation and strengthen the soil base in weakened zones, extrude the working fluid from the nozzles back and tell the foundation forward movement, extrude the working fluid from the nozzles forward and tell the foundation the reverse movement, extrude the working fluid to the right and tell the foundation the movement to the left, extruding the working fluid to the left and informing the foundation of the movement to the right, restoring the design position of the foundation, stop controlling the jet movement of the foundation nta, turning off the engines, and this wedges the working fluid in the nozzles and locks the foundation in the design position.

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