RU2319046C2 - Antifriction bearing (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering, instrumentation and any other industries.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to manufacture of ball and roller antifriction bearings. Proposed antifriction bearing contains outer and inner races with paths and solids in form of balls or rollers placed in between. If solids are made in form of rollers, larger diameter of roller step in contact only with path of bearing outer race is provided with two sections. Smaller diameter of middle step of roller in contact only with path of bearing inner race has one section. Outer race is interference fitted. Recess is made on one of bearing races to relieve stresses in cages which is filled with elastic material with antifriction coating. According to other version, corrector is used in antifriction bearing. Said corrector is made in form of pins with rounded off ends secured on one of bearing races and cavities to receive said pins on rollers. Slots are made on one of end face ends of rollers. If balls are used as solids, groove is made on path of bearing inner race. Corrector in form of pins with rounded off ends and cavities on balls to receive pins is used. Cavity filled up with elastic material with antifriction coating is made between pins on outer race. Slots are made on side surfaces of ball.

EFFECT: improved reliability and increased service life of antifriction bearings.

6 cl, 10 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering and instrumentation, namely to the manufacture of ball and roller bearings, and can be used in any industries.

The commercially available standard ball and roller bearings of the radial and angular contact type are widely known. They contain inner and outer rings with raceways, rolling bodies located between them, made in the form of balls or rollers, installed in the nests of the separator. Their disadvantages are the presence of rolling friction with slipping of the rolling elements and the use of lubricant.

A known rolling bearing (RF patent No. 2232926 from 03.25.02), containing the inner and outer rings with raceways, the rolling bodies located between them, installed in the nests of the separator. The bearing is made of radial and angular contact type with stepwise cylindrical or conical rollers, the larger diameter of which is rolled only along the raceway of the outer ring of the bearing and is made with one section, and the smaller diameter of the roller steps, made with two sections, is rolled in only along the raceway of the inner ring bearing. In this case, the condition for assembling the bearing must be met

,

,

Where

D is the diameter of the raceway of the inner ring of the bearing,

D 'is the diameter of the raceway of the outer ring of the bearing,

d is the diameter of the lower step of the roller,

d 'is the diameter of the larger step of the roller.

The bearing theoretically provides a clean rolling of the rolling elements without slipping, but practically does not exist, since due to errors in the manufacture and assembly of the bearing, stresses are created in the separator and, accordingly, friction of the rolling elements in the seats of the separator. In addition, this bearing requires lubrication of the mating (working) surfaces, which burns out during the operation of the bearing and its heating occurs.

The inventive rolling bearing (options), as well as known, contains an inner and outer ring with raceways, the rolling bodies placed between them, made in the form of balls or rollers, while the condition for assembling the bearing must be met

,

,

Where

D is the diameter of the raceway of the inner ring of the bearing,

D 'is the diameter of the raceway of the outer ring of the bearing,

for roller bearings:

d is the diameter of the lower step of the roller,

d 'is the diameter of the larger step of the roller.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the reliability and durability of bearings by ensuring clean rolling of ball and roller bearings without lubricating the mating (working) surfaces, relieving stress in the cages, as well as manufacturing bearings without cages, which completely eliminate the use of grease in the bearings and their heating.

The purpose of the invention is achieved by the fact that:

- when rolling bodies are made in the form of two-stage rollers installed in the seats of the separator, the larger diameter of the roller step in contact only with the race of the outer ring of the bearing is made with two sections, and the smaller diameter of the middle stage of the roller in contact only with the race of the inner ring of the bearing, has one section, on one of the bearing rings there is a recess for stress relief in the separators, filled with an elastic material with an antifriction coating. Two-stage rollers can be made of different widths and installed in the bearing in such a way that the steps of the large-diameter rollers made with two sections overlap each other;

- when rolling bodies are made in the form of two-stage rollers without using a separator, the larger diameter of the roller stage made with two sections is in contact only with the raceway of the outer ring of the bearing, and the smaller diameter of the middle stage of the roller having one section is in contact only with the raceway of the inner ring of the bearing , to ensure a certain distance between the rollers and their axial location, a corrector is installed, which consists of pins rounded on one of the bearing rings endpoints, and recesses formed on the rollers for the entry of pins, wherein one of the ends of the end rollers slits. Two-stage rollers can be made of different widths and installed in the bearing in such a way that the steps of the large-diameter rollers made with two sections overlap each other;

- when rolling bodies in the form of balls installed in the separator sockets, on the race track of the inner ring of the bearing or on the raceways of both bearing rings, a groove is made to ensure the point contact of the rolling bodies with the race track, and d is the diameter of the contact circle of rotation of the ball along the track rolling of the inner ring of the bearing, d '- diameter of the contact circle of rotation of the ball along the raceway of the outer ring of the bearing. When grooves are made on the raceway of the inner ring of the bearing, the outer ring can be tightened, while a groove can be made on the raceway of the outer ring to relieve stress in the separators, filled with an elastic material with an antifriction coating. The bearing can be made of an angular contact type, while the surfaces of the raceways of both bearing rings must have a common top;

- when rolling bodies are made in the form of balls without using a separator, a groove is made on the raceway of the inner ring of the bearing to provide point contact between the rolling bodies and the raceway; to maintain a certain distance between the balls and their axial location, a corrector is used, which is a pin mounted on the outer ring of the bearing with rounded ends and grooves made on the balls for the pins to enter, a recess filled with an elastic mat is made between the pins on the outer ring ialom with antifriction coating, while on the side surfaces of the slits of the ball, with d - diameter of the contact circle of rotation of the ball raceway of the inner bearing ring, d '- the diameter of the contact circle of rotation of the ball raceway of the outer ring of the bearing.

The invention is illustrated using the drawings, which depict:

Figure 1 - single row radial roller bearing;

Figure 2 is a top view of a single row radial roller bearing with a recess for relieving stress in the separators;

Figure 3 - radial roller bearing with rollers of different widths;

Figure 4 - radial roller bearing with a distance corrector between the rollers mounted on the outer ring;

Figure 5 - radial roller bearing with a distance corrector between the rollers mounted on the inner ring;

Figure 6 - single row radial ball bearing with a groove made on the raceway of the inner ring;

7 is a single-row radial ball bearing with grooves made on the raceways of both rings;

On Fig - double-row radial ball bearing;

In Fig.9 - single row angular contact ball bearing;

Figure 10 - single row radial ball bearing with a groove made on the raceway of the inner ring, and with a distance corrector between the balls.

The rolling bearing (see Fig. 1) consists of an inner 1 and an outer 2 ring with raceways 3, 4 and rolling elements located between them, made in the form of two-stage rollers 5 installed in the seats of the separator (not shown in the drawing). In this case, the condition for assembling the bearing must be satisfied, ensuring a clean rolling of the rolling elements without slipping:

.

.

The larger diameter of the step of the roller 5, in contact only with the raceway 4 of the outer ring 2 of the bearing, is made with two sections 6, and the smaller diameter of the middle stage of the roller 5, which is in contact only with the raceway 3 of the inner ring 1 of the bearing, has one section 7. Rollers 5 are installed in the slots 8 of the separator 9 (see figure 2). The outer ring 2 is installed with an interference fit, while on the raceway 4 of the outer ring 2 there is a recess 10 for relieving stresses in the separator 9, filled with an elastic material, for example rubber, with an antifriction coating. The recess 10 provides the minimum allowable grip that can be adjusted.

Two-stage rollers 5 can be made of different widths (see figure 3) and installed in the bearing so that the steps of the large-diameter rollers made with two sections 6 overlap each other. The middle steps of 7 rollers are made with different lengths.

The roller bearing can be made of an angular contact type (not shown in the drawing), while on the outer ring there must be a protrusion-limiter that perceives the axial load and ensures clean rolling of the rollers without friction of the end surfaces.

Figure 4 shows a radial roller bearing with a distance corrector mounted on the outer (stationary in this case) bearing ring. The corrector consists of pins 11 with spherically rounded ends installed in a recess 10 on the outer ring 2 and spherical recesses 12 made in two sections 6 for entering the spherical part of the pins 11. At the ends of one of the sections 6 of the rollers 5, slots 13 are made for assembling the bearing.

When performing stationary inner ring 1 (see figure 5), the corrector is a single pin 14 mounted in the recess 14 of the inner ring 1, the recesses 16 are performed on the middle stage 7 of the rollers. When making rollers 5 of different widths, to ensure reliability of the axial arrangement of the rollers 5, two pins are installed in the recess 14 of the inner ring 1 (not shown in the drawing), and corresponding recesses are made on the rollers 5.

Figure 6 presents a single row radial ball bearing with a groove made on the raceway of the inner ring. The bearing also consists of an inner 1 and an outer 2 ring with raceways 3, 4 and rolling bodies located between them, made in the form of commercially available balls 17, installed in the nests of the separator (not shown in the drawing). In this case, the condition for assembling the bearing must be satisfied, ensuring a clean rolling of the rolling elements without slipping:

,

,

where for all variants of ball bearings, d is the diameter of the contact circle of rotation of the ball along the race track of the inner ring of the bearing, d 'is the diameter of the contact circle of rotation of the ball along the race of the race of the outer ring of the bearing. For bearings with a single groove, 18 d 'is the diameter of the ball. On the raceway 3 of the inner ring 1 of the bearing, a groove 18 is made with a width determined by the Pythagorean theorem depending on the diameter of the contact circle of rotation of the ball calculated according to the above formula along the raceway of the inner ring of the bearing and on the diameter in this embodiment of the selected ball 17. The depth of the groove 18 should be greater than the difference d'-d. In this embodiment, the outer ring 2 can be tightened, while on the raceway 4 of the outer ring 2, a recess is made similar to the recess 10 (see FIG. 2) to relieve stress in the separators 9, filled with an elastic material with an antifriction coating.

Grooves 18 and 19 (see Fig. 7) can be made on both rings 1 and 2 of the bearing, and their width will be different and is also calculated by the Pythagorean formula depending on d, d 'and the diameter of the ball 17.

The ball bearing with one or two grooves can be multi-row (see Fig. 8), consisting of two or more rows of balls 17 (two rows in this embodiment, with grooves 18 made on the inner ring 1 of the bearing).

The ball bearing can be made of an angular contact type (see Fig. 9), while the surfaces of raceways 3 and 4 have a common peak. The calculation of the dimensions of the angular contact bearing is carried out according to the average values of the diameters D, D ', d, d' and depending on the diameter of the selected ball 17 taking into account the angle of axial arrangement of the rolling elements.

Figure 10 shows a single-row radial ball bearing with a groove 18 made on the raceway 3 of the inner ring 1, and with a distance corrector between the balls 17, representing pins 20 with spherically rounded ends fixed on the outer ring 2 of the bearing and made on the balls 17 spherical recesses 21 for approaching the spherically rounded ends of the pins 20. Between the pins 20 on the outer ring 2 there is a recess 22 filled with an elastic material, for example rubber, with an antifriction coating, while the side surfaces of the balls 17 are made slots 23 for assembling the bearing.

The bearings are as follows.

Rolling bearings with two-stage rollers 5 installed in the sockets 8 of the separator 9 (Figs. 1, 2, 3) work as follows: when the shaft rotates, the ring 1 or the ring 2 of the bearing rotates. A roller 5 with an average step 7 rolls in along the raceway 3 of the inner ring 1, and in two sections 6 it is rolled in only along the raceway 4 of the outer ring 2. Subject to the assembly conditions of the bearing and when installing the outer ring 2 with interference, the rotation of the rollers 5 occurs under conditions of pure rolling without slippage relative to tracks 3 and 4, without friction and without lubrication. Lubrication is carried out only in the sockets 8 of the separator 9. The removal of possible stresses in the separators 9 occurs when the rollers 5 pass the recess 10. To avoid friction, the recess 10 is filled with an elastic material with an antifriction coating.

When working roller bearings without a cage 9 (4, 5), the adjustment of the distance between the rollers 5 and their axial location in the event of their displacement due to technological errors in the manufacture occurs when the spherically rounded ends of the pins 11 or 14 enter the corresponding recesses 12 or 16 rollers 5 with a minimum adhesion of the rolling elements with the rings 1, 2 in the area of the recess 10.

The ball bearings (Fig.6-8) with cages 9 due to the groove 18 or grooves 18, 19 provide, when the shaft rotates, the point contact of the balls 17 with the raceway (paths) 3 or 3, 4 of the bearing rings and, accordingly, the rotation of the balls 17 contact circle without friction and without slipping. Lubrication is also carried out only in the sockets 8 of the separator 9. The removal of possible stresses in the separators 9 when installing the outer ring 2 with an interference fit occurs when the balls 17 pass a recess 10 filled with elastic material with an antifriction coating, with the minimum allowable adhesion of the balls 17 to rings 1, 2.

When performing ball bearings without cages 9 (Figs. 9, 10), the distance between the balls 17 is adjusted by entering the spherically rounded ends of the pins 20 into the recesses 21.

The implementation of the rolling bodies in the form of two-stage rollers 5 installed in the slots of the separator 9, while the larger diameter of the roller stage, contacting only with the raceway of the outer ring of the bearing, has two sections 6, and the smaller diameter of the middle stage of the roller, contacting only with the raceway of the inner ring bearing, has one section 7, provides a clean rolling of the rollers both on the outer and inner raceways of both bearing rings, which eliminates the rolling friction with the rollers 5 slipping on hard mating surfaces. The removal of possible stresses in the separator 9 arising during the assembly and operation of the bearing due to manufacturing errors of its individual parts ensures the installation of the outer ring 2 of the bearing with interference and the notch 10 is filled on one of the bearing rings (filled with an elastic material with antifriction material) coated. This also ensures the operation of these bearings without lubricating the mating (working) surfaces, ensures minimal friction of the rolling bodies in the slots 8 of the separator, which, ultimately, increases the reliability and durability of the bearings.

The implementation of the bearing with rolling bodies in the form of two-stage rollers 5 without the use of a separator allows to completely eliminate the use of grease in the bearings, which increases the reliability and durability of the bearing, eliminates cooling, and also makes it possible to use the bearing for work in water, in the open, with rust. Moreover, to ensure a certain distance between the rollers 5 and their axial location, a corrector is installed, which is pins 11 or 14 with rounded ends fixed to one of the bearing rings and grooves 12 or 16 made on the rollers for the pins to enter. To assemble this bearing, a specially made matrix with protrusions (not shown in the drawings) is used, on which rollers 5 are mounted using slots 13 made at one of the end ends of the rollers.

The execution of two-stage rollers 5 of different widths with their installation in the bearing so that the steps of the large-diameter rollers made with two sections 6 overlap each other, increases the transmitted radial loads and expands the area of use of these types of bearings.

The manufacture of rolling elements in the form of balls 17 installed in the slots of the separator 9, with a groove 18 made on the raceway 3 of the inner ring 1 of the bearing or on the raceways 3.4 of both rings of the bearing grooves 18, 19 to ensure point contact of the rolling bodies with the raceway, subject to the assembly conditions of the bearing, where for ball bearings, d is the diameter of the contact circle of rotation of the ball along the race track of the inner ring of the bearing, ad 'is the diameter of the contact circle of rotation of the ball along the race track of the outer to Bearing ltsa provides pure rolling balls 17, both the outer 4 and the inner raceways 3 both bearing rings, which eliminates friction rolling with slippage and lubricant application working surfaces, which increases the reliability and durability of the bearing operation. When the groove 18 is made on the raceway 3 of the inner ring 1 of the bearing, the outer ring 2 can be tightened, while on the raceway 4 of the outer ring 2, a recess can be made to relieve possible stresses in the separators 9, filled with an elastic material with an antifriction coating, which also increases the reliability and durability of the bearing. The angular contact type bearing (see Fig. 9) allows to perceive both radial and axial loads, and the execution of the surfaces of the raceways 3, 4 of both bearing rings with a common top provides greater durability under abruptly variable loads and noiseless operation.

In the manufacture of rolling elements in the form of balls 17 without using a separator 9 with a groove 18 made on the raceway 3 of the inner ring 1 of the bearing, a corrector is used, which consists of pins fixed to the outer ring 2 of the bearing 20 s rounded ends and grooves 21 made on the balls for the pins to enter, between the pins 20 on the outer ring there is a recess 22 filled with an elastic material with an antifriction coating. This solution allows for clean rolling without slipping of the working contact surfaces and completely eliminates the use of grease in the bearing due to the minimum adhesion of the balls 17 in the recess 22 filled with an elastic material with an antifriction coating, which increases the reliability and durability of its operation. To assemble this type of bearing, a specially made matrix with protrusions (not shown in the drawings) is also used, on which balls 17 are mounted with slots 23 made on the side surfaces of the balls, with the calculation of their alternate connection with the pins 20 during operation of the bearing.

The proposed rolling bearings are reliable and durable in operation, work almost without friction of the working surfaces, do not require lubrication and cooling, can work in open form, in water, with rust, and are environmentally friendly. Ball bearings can be used in instrumentation and mechanical engineering for transferring small radial and axial loads, roller - in any industries for transferring large radial loads.

Claims (6)

1. The rolling bearing, containing the outer and inner rings with raceways, placed between them in one or more rows of the rolling body, made in the form of two-stage rollers installed in the seats of the separator, while the condition of the bearing assembly

where D is the diameter of the raceway of the inner ring of the bearing, D ′ is the diameter of the raceway of the outer ring of the bearing, d is the diameter of the lower step of the roller, d ′ is the diameter of the larger step of the roller, characterized in that the larger diameter of the roller stage, contacting only with the raceway of the outer ring of the bearing, is made with two sections, and the smaller diameter of the middle stage of the roller, contacting only with the raceway of the inner ring of the bearing, has one section, the outer ring is tightened, one of the rings of the bearing has a recess for stress relief in the separators, filled with an elastic material with an antifriction coating. 2. The rolling bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that the two-stage rollers are made of different widths and are installed in the bearing so that the steps of the large-diameter rollers made with two sections overlap each other. 3. The rolling bearing, containing the outer and inner rings with raceways, placed between them in one or more rows of the rolling body, made in the form of two-stage rollers, while the condition of the bearing assembly

where D is the diameter of the raceway of the inner ring of the bearing, D ′ is the diameter of the raceway of the outer ring of the bearing, d is the diameter of the lower step of the roller, d ′ is the diameter of the larger step of the roller, characterized in that the larger diameter of the roller step in contact only with the race of the outer ring of the bearing is made with two sections, and the smaller diameter of the middle stage of the roller in contact with only the race of the inner ring of the bearing has one section to ensure a certain distance between the rollers and their axial location, a corrector is used, which is pins with rounded ends fixed in a recess on one of the bearing rings and grooves made on rollers for yes pins, slots are made on one of the end ends of the rollers. 4. The rolling bearing according to claim 3, characterized in that the two-stage rollers are made of different widths and are installed in the bearing so that the steps of the large-diameter rollers made with two sections overlap each other. 5. The rolling bearing containing the outer and inner rings with raceways placed between them in one or more rows of the rolling body, while the condition of the bearing assembly

where D is the diameter of the raceway of the inner ring of the bearing, D ′ is the diameter of the raceway of the outer ring of the bearing, d is the diameter of the contact circle of rotation of the ball along the raceway of the inner ring of the bearing, d ′ is the diameter of the contact circle of rotation of the ball along the raceway of the outer ring of the bearing, characterized in that the rolling bodies are made in the form of balls, a groove is made on the raceway of the inner ring of the bearing to provide point contact of the rolling bodies with the raceway, to maintain a certain distance between the balls and their axial location, a corrector is used, which is a pin mounted on the outer ring of the bearing with rounded ends and recesses made on the balls for the entry of the pins, between the pins on the outer ring there is a recess filled with elastic material with anti a friction coating, while on the side surfaces of the ball slots are made. 6. The rolling bearing according to claim 5, characterized in that it is made of an angular contact type, while the surfaces of the raceways of both bearing rings have a common top.

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