RU2318569C2 - Apparatus for exercising of shot-putters - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: sportive equipment.

SUBSTANCE: shot-putter exercising apparatus has two supports spaced away from one another and bearing guiding beam having adjustable inclination angle and equipped with carriage, and rectangular frame attached to carriage and provided with shot. Frame is connected through cable, reducer and pulley to lever pin positioned on rear support and provided with weight. Reducer is positioned between pulley and lever pin so that its small gear is rigidly and axially connected to pulley and its large gear is positioned on lever pin and may be repositioned from its initial position, and lever may be fixed at different angles. Slide fixed on vertical sides of rectangular frame incorporates rod with shot positioned at its end. Frame is rigidly fixed with its upper part to carriage and cable is fixed with its other end to frame front part for embracing block mounted on front part of guiding beam. Rod has n-faced section curved at an angle α at shot fastening site. Slide has n-faced opening for insertion of said rod to move it for performing longitudinal and discrete angular motions and be fixed within this opening. Slide is designed for displacement and fixing on frame depending upon sportsman's anthropometric data. Apparatus is further provided with second block positioned on front support and designed for providing parallel alignment of cable in carriage displacement zone, front and rear carriage motion restricting devices, means for returning carriage with shot to sportsman or to initial position, and personal computer with peripheral sensors. Angular motion sensors are fixed to elbow joints and knee joints.

EFFECT: wider operational capabilities and increased exercising efficiency of apparatus.

4 cl, 11 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to training devices used in sports, in particular, in the shot put, and can also be used to determine the biomechanical characteristics of the motor action and special training.

Known training device for the pushers of the core [1], containing the core mounted on a rod placed freely in the guide tube. At the opposite end of the rod, a limiter for its movement is fixed. The tube is mounted on a sleeve freely mounted on a vertical tubular arm. The lever is rigidly connected to the means for creating a load. This tool includes a disc mounted on the lever with holes (for installation at different angles to the lever of the cargo lever with the load) and a ratchet mechanism. The ratchet dog is mounted on the disk, and the gear is mounted coaxially with the disk on the shaft mounted on the support. An arm with a roller is fixed on the sleeve opposite to the tube. The roller is placed in a C-shaped guide mounted on a lever parallel to it with jumpers. The load lever is fixed in the holes of the disc with a bolt.

To release the gear from the dog, the latter is equipped with a traction cable.

However, this device has several disadvantages.

Firstly, the direct fastening of the vertical lever (on which the core is located) and the cargo lever on the rotating disk does not contribute to creating the maximum convenience for performing the exercise and increasing the efficiency of the athlete's motor actions when overcoming various resistance modes.

Secondly, with the use of this device, all the variable resistance modes are not realized in their pure form, due to the fact that during the exercise the core moves along the vertical lever. At this time, the point of application of force to the vertical arm is removed from the axis of its rotation. There is an increase in the lever arm (force), and this in turn causes an increase in the moment of the pushing force. For this reason, the muscles of the nuclear pusher cannot receive (feel) the programmed one or another regime of variable resistance created by the rotation of the lever with the load. This applies, first of all, to the process of implementing the regime of increasing resistance.

A device for pushing a core is known, comprising supports mounted at a distance from each other, bearing a guide beam adjustable in angle of inclination with a carriage and a core on it, connected by a cable and a pulley with a lever shaft mounted on the rear support with a load [2].

The advantage of this device is that it reproduces the rectilinear component of the trajectory of the brush with the core.

Its disadvantage is that it is not possible to reproduce the entire trajectory of the brush with the core, i.e. It creates harsh training conditions.

The closest technical solution, taken as a prototype, is a "Device for training core pushers" [3].

The device has a rectangular frame, which is connected to the top with a carriage mounted on a guide beam (for example, an I-beam), a cable wound on a pulley, fixed rigidly on the shaft of the small gear wheel of the gearbox mounted on the rear support. The cable at one end connects to a rectangular frame, and at the other, around the block located on the front of the guide beam, is fixed in front. On the axis of the large gear of the gearbox, one end of the load lever is fixed with the possibility of its rotation and fixing on this gear at different angles. In addition, to ensure the movement of the core in the vertical plane and to eliminate its rotational movement around the vertical axis of the slider, the latter, containing the rod, at the end of which the core is placed, is fixed on the vertical sides of the rectangular frame with the possibility of movement along them.

The advantage of this device is to increase the effectiveness of training by clearly implementing the athlete overcoming various variable resistance modes.

The disadvantage of this device is the athlete’s girth of the core, namely the inconvenience of capturing the core relative to the athlete’s head. And besides, there is no possibility of measuring and recording the motor characteristics of the exercise and calculating the remaining biomechanical parameters.

The aim of this invention is to eliminate the inconvenience of capturing the core by an athlete, which will allow for better consideration of the individual anthropometric characteristics of the athlete and to expand the functionality and effectiveness of training through the use of peripheral sensors and the issuance of on-demand operational information about the biomechanical characteristics of the motor action.

The specified goal for training core pushers in a device containing two supports installed at a distance from each other, bearing a guide beam with a carriage adjustable in angle of inclination and a rectangular frame with a core attached to it, connected by a cable, gearbox and pulley with an axis mounted on the rear support a lever with a load, a reducer located between the pulley and the axis of the lever with the load so that its small gear is rigidly and coaxially connected to the pulley, and a large gear of the gear is placed on the axis of the lever with the load with the possibility of shifting tanovka in the initial position and fixing the lever at different angles, a rectangular frame with a slider on its vertical sides with a core placed in it and a core installed at its end, while the specified frame is rigidly attached with the upper part to the carriage, and the cable with the second end is fixed to the front of the frame and covers the block mounted on the front of the guide beam, it is achieved by the fact that said rod is made in cross section in the form of an n-facet, bent at the point of fixing the core at an angle α, and the slider has an n-faceted angle the hole in which the indicated rod is inserted, and there is the possibility of its longitudinal and discrete angular movement, as well as fixing the rod in this hole, and the slider itself can be moved and fixed on the frame depending on the athlete’s anthropometric data, in addition, the device is additionally entered: on the front support, the second block to ensure the parallelism of the cable in the working area of the carriage, the front and rear carriage limiters and means for returning the carriage with the core to the sports at or to the starting position, as well as a personal computer with peripheral sensors: a force meter applied to the projectile, a carriage displacement meter, a support reaction force meter, and two angular displacement meters, all electrically connected to the system unit through an analog-to-digital converter unit, while the sensor of the force meter applied to the projectile is built in between the frame and the pulley, the sensor of the carriage displacement meter is installed on the rear support near the pulley, the sensor of the support reaction force meter is on the floor placing the athlete in place and angular displacement sensor gauges located at the elbow and knee joints.

Distinctive features of the proposed technical solution are:

1. Introduction of additional nodes, elements and connections between them in the mechanical part: the second block for ensuring the parallelism of the cable in the working area of the carriage, the means for returning the carriage with the frame and core to the athlete or to its original position, front and rear stops for moving the carriage.

2. Introduction to the measuring part of a personal computer with peripheral sensors - a force meter applied to the projectile, a carriage displacement meter, a support reaction force meter and an angular displacement meter in the elbow and knee joints, which are connected to the system unit through analog-to-digital converters.

3. Placement of peripheral sensors: a force meter applied to the projectile is installed between the frame and the pulley, a carriage displacement meter - on the pulley, a support reaction force meter - on the floor at the athlete's location and angular displacement meters are placed on the elbow and knee joints.

4. The registration, processing and issuance of information on motor action are entered into a personal computer, which includes a system unit, a display, a printer and a keyboard, peripheral sensors for measuring force and displacements, both linear and angular, using a set of programs that provide registration, processing, computing and issuing information about the motor action on a call.

In the inventive device, the distinctive features exhibit properties known in other fields of science and technology, and taken in conjunction with the features of the prototype exhibit properties that ensure the convenient operation of the athlete-shot putter and the determination of biomechanical characteristics of the motor action, which indicates the compliance of the proposed solution with the criterion ".

The proposed device is illustrated by drawings.

In figure 1, 2 shows the proposed device.

Figure 3 shows the slider of the device.

Figure 4 shows the rod and ball of the device.

Figure 5 - means for the return of the carriage with the frame and the core to the athlete or to the starting position.

The device consists (figure 1 and figure 2) of the mechanical and measuring parts. The mechanical part contains vertical supports 1 attached to the base 2, a guide 3 made in the form of an I-beam and mounted on vertical supports 1 (front and rear), a bolt 4 for fixing the front end of the guide beam 3 at different heights when changing the angle of its position in space; a carriage 5, moving and bearing a rectangular frame 6, a slider 7, mounted on a rectangular frame 6 with the possibility of moving it along its vertical sides (pipes) up and down and fixed by a latch 8, the core 9, mounted on the rod 10 with the possibility of replacing the core in size on male or female, the other end of the rod 10 is horizontally passed into the hole of the slider 7 and can be fixed with a latch 11, a cable 12, one end of which is wound several turns on the pulley 13 and mounted on a rectangular frame 6, and the other end of it, enveloping the blocks 14 and 15, connected to the same frame 6 in front. Block 14 is placed on the upper end of the guide 3, and block 15 is on the front support 1. The pulley 13 is coaxially connected to the small gear 16 of the gearbox, and the end of the lever 18 is mounted on the shaft of the large gear 17 of the gearbox to rotate it.

A spring-loaded cotter pin 19 is fixed on the lever 18 closer to the shaft of the large gear 17. Using this cotter pin and the holes on the large gear wheel 17 of the gearbox, the lever 18 is fixed on the same gear.

At the free (from the shaft of the large gear 17) end of the lever 18, loads 20 are fixed. Unused loads 21 are stored on the pipe 22.

In the slider 7, a 6-sided hole is made (Fig. 3). In principle, it can be made larger or smaller, i.e. n-faceted, which extends the capabilities of the device to select the angle of the rod and core for the convenience of the athlete. The latches 8 and 11 for convenience are made in the form of lamb.

Similarly, with the rod 10 and the core 9. In figure 4, the angle of the bend of the rod is 45 °, but in principle, any angle can be made - α, it depends on the athlete’s constitution. The core 9 is attached to the rod 10 with a thread so that it is easier to change it depending on the gender of the trainee.

The means for returning the carriage 5 with the core 9 to the athlete or to the initial position (Fig. 5) is made in the form of a string 23 stretched on the fastening elements 24 and 25 along the guide 3. A spring 26 is worn on the string 23, fixed together with the string 23 near the back supports 1 on the fastener 25. One end of the cable 27 is attached to the second end of the spring 26, the second end of which is attached to the carriage 5. The tool itself can be located either in front of or behind the rail 3 (as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. .5).

For soft operation of the device, shock absorbing stops 28 and 29 are used, located near the front and rear supports 1, respectively.

The measuring and recording part of the device contains (1, 2) peripheral sensors: a force meter 30 attached to the projectile, a carriage displacement meter 31, a support reaction force meter 32, two angular displacement meters 33 and 34. Sensors through an analog-to-digital converter unit 35 are electrically connected to the system unit 36 of the personal computer 37, which also includes a display 38, a keyboard 39 and a printer 40. In this case, the sensor of the force meter 30 applied to the projectile is embedded between the frame 6 and the pulley 13. The sensor The carriage displacement sensor 31 is mounted on the rear support 1 near the pulley 13. The sensor of the reaction force measuring device of the support 32 is located on the floor at the location of the athlete during training. The angular displacement sensors 33 and 34 are located on the elbow and knee joints of the athlete.

The operation of the device.

Before you begin an exercise on a device, you need to do the following. First, install the guide 3 at the required angle. To do this, loosen the bolt 4, raise or lower the upper end of the guide 3 and re-secure it on the vertical support 1 with the bolt 4. The carriage 5 should be in the lower position.

Secondly, set the lever 18 to the desired starting position. To do this, squeeze the cotter pin 19, turn the lever 18 to the desired position, release the cotter pin 19 and put on the lever 18 loads 20 of the necessary mass and fix them on the lever 18. Each time the load 20 is installed, the resistance force of the device is measured using a dynamometer. To do this, the dynamometer is attached at one end to the middle of the front of the carriage 5 with a cable and pull, smoothly, along the guide 3 until the start of the movement of the lever 18. The dynamometer readings are recorded. At the same time, the sensor 30 of the force meter applied to the projectile is calibrated. Thus, by measuring the resistance of the simulator through certain degrees of rotation of the lever 18, set the strength of the resistance of the simulator over the entire section of the motion of the core in the phase of the final effort in almost static mode.

In the proposed embodiment, the manufacture of the device gear (gears 16 and 17) and the pulley 13 are made so that the rotation of the lever 18 through an angle of 90 ° corresponds to the movement of the carriage 5 with a rectangular frame 6, equal to 1500 mm This distance approximately corresponds to the movement of the athlete’s hand in the phase of the final effort. The core 9, mounted on the rod 10, in size corresponds to the size of a male or female competitive projectile, and its mass, together with the slider 7, is significantly less than the mass of the core.

Thirdly, check the operation and accuracy of the displacement meter 31 of the carriage 5, which measures its displacement through the rotation of the pulley 13. Marks are made on the side surface of the pulley 13, by which the distance is determined.

Fourthly, to test the support reaction force meter 32. For this, the reference load is placed on the tensile platform 32 and this reference measure is marked on the display screen.

Fifthly, calibrate the sensors of angular displacement meters 33 and 34. For this, in known angles, it is necessary to compare the readings on the display with the exact value of the measured angles.

At the same time, the operation of the block of analog-to-digital converters 35 and the personal computer 37 are checked.

We explain the operation principle of the device using the example of the shot put (the device is designed to perform the phase of the final effort) with overcoming the smoothly changing resistance, for example, in an increasing mode.

Before starting the exercise, the lever 18 with the load 20 is installed vertically down. With this position of the lever 18 with the load 20, their resistance is zero. In the course of the final effort, the resistance created by the movement of the core 9 and the carriage 5 increases and reaches its maximum at the moment when the lever 18 with the load 20 is in the right extreme position. The increase in resistance occurs due to the fact that when the lever 18 with the load moves to the right extreme position, the shoulder of the resistance force of the load 20 increases, because it depends on the position of the lever 18. Accordingly, the moment of its resistance increases.

In accordance with the movement of the brush, the core 9 can move in all three planes and rotates discretely depending on the rotation of the rod 10. This is made possible by moving the slider 7 with the rod 10 along the vertical sides of the rectangular frame up and down and moving the carriage 5 with the slider 7 and the rod 10 along the guide 3 back and forth. They can freely move or be fixed by clamps 8 and 11, respectively. In addition, when performing the exercise, the core 9 slides in the athlete’s hand, which makes the trajectory of the core 9 quite complicated and most convenient for the athlete.

The free rotation of the rod 10 around the axis is impeded by its design in the form of an n-facet and, accordingly, in the body of the slider of the n-facet hole, which makes it possible to discretely move along the corner of the rod 10 when installing and fixing the latch 11 in accordance with the anthropometric characteristics of the athlete.

The mode of diminishing resistance occurs throughout the phase of the final effort during the rotation of the lever 18 from the right extreme position to the adoption of a vertical position.

When the lever 18 is rotated from the upper vertical position to the left extreme position, a mode of increasing relief occurs.

During rotation of the lever 18 from the left end position to the lower vertical position, diminishing relief occurs. In addition to the above resistance modes, combined options are possible, for example, such:

1. With the initial position of the lever 18 between the lower part of the vertical line and the right part of the horizontal line passing through the center of the large gear 17 of the gearbox, an increasing resistance is provided with a transition to a decreasing one.

2. To provide decreasing resistance with the transition to increasing relief, it is necessary to position the lever 18 between the right side of the horizontal line and the upper part of the vertical line.

3. In the initial position of the lever 18 between the upper part of the vertical line and the left part of the horizontal line, there is a mode of increasing relief with a transition to decreasing relief of movement of the core 9.

4. At the initial position of the lever 18 between the left part of the horizontal line and the lower part of the vertical line, a mode of diminishing relief is created with the transition to a mode of increasing resistance.

5. If you disconnect the lever 18 from the gear 17, then you can perform the exercise in constant resistance mode.

Thus, the use of the proposed device allows you to perform exercises in nine modes of resistance and relief, while creating the necessary direction of movement and preserving the four degrees of freedom of movement of the core. The increase or decrease in the load on the athlete’s muscles in the vertical and horizontal planes is carried out by changing the ratio of the weight of the core and cargo disks 20 on the lever 18.

Obtaining reliable operational information using the measuring part of the device helps the athlete and trainer to analyze the motor actions of the athlete and to promptly adjust the training process.

The measuring part of the device operates as follows.

Electrical analogue signals of sensors: a force meter 30 attached to the projectile, a reaction force meter of a support 32, for example, a tensile platform, a carriage displacement meter 31, for example, a reflective type of marks applied to the pulley 13 (as shown in figure 1), two angle meters movements, for example, goniometric type, are fed to the inputs of the block of analog-to-digital converters 35, where they are converted into digital codes, which through the interface of the system unit 36 are received in the memory of a personal computer 37 for subsequent processing Botko carried out with the help of complex programs. This allows almost immediately after performing one movement (or a series of motor actions) to obtain digital and graphic information about the motion parameters, which are displayed on demand on the display screen 38 of the personal computer 37 or using the printer 40 on a paper storage medium. Programs are initialized using the keypad 39.

The complex of programs for automated data processing includes: automatic data input and recording, preliminary signal processing (smoothing), calibration of input signals, output of a graphic image of input signals, mathematical processing of the characteristics of the exercises.

The program of mathematical processing of the characteristics of the motor action allows you to calculate the following biomechanical parameters: the duration of the entire movement and its individual phases and periods, the magnitude of the angular changes in the knee and elbow joints, the magnitude of the displacement and speed of movement, the support reaction force according to current and peak values, the reaction force momentum supports of the whole movement, its phases and periods.

Compared with the prototype, the proposed device allows you to create conditions for effective control of the force, speed and movement of the core in the phase of the final effort, to increase the efficiency of the training process of the core pushers by increasing the amount of work performed during training. The ability to register, and subsequently analyze, the strength characteristics of the motor action allows you to track and adjust the training process in dynamics, which helps to increase the effectiveness of training and the skill of athletes.

Information sources

1. USSR Copyright Certificate No. 1657208, Cl. A63B 21/06, 1991.

2. Copyright certificate of the USSR No. 390813, Cl. A63B 23/02, 1973.

3. RF patent №2019221, cl. A63B 21/06, 23/02, 1994.

Claims (4)

1. A device for training the pushers of the core, containing two supports installed at a distance from each other, bearing a guide beam with a carriage adjustable in angle of inclination and a rectangular frame attached to it with a core connected by a cable, gearbox and pulley with a lever axis mounted on the rear support with a load, a gear located between the pulley and the axis of the lever with the load so that its small gear is rigidly and coaxially connected to the pulley, and a large gear of the gear is placed on the axis of the lever with the load with the possibility of shifting into one position and fixing the lever at different angles, a slider mounted on the vertical sides of a rectangular frame with a core placed on it and a core installed on its end, while the frame is rigidly attached with the upper part to the carriage, and the cable with the second end is fixed to the front of the frame and covers the mounted on the front of the guide beam, the block, characterized in that said rod is made in cross section in the form of an n-facet, bent at the angle of attachment of the core at an angle α, and the slider has an n-faced hole in which the specified rod is inserted, having the possibility of its longitudinal and discrete angular movement and fixing in this hole, and the slider itself has the ability to move and fix on the frame depending on the anthropometric data of the athlete, while the second block placed on the front support is additionally inserted to provide the parallelism of the cable in the working area of the carriage, the front and rear limiters of movement of the carriage and the means for returning the carriage with the core to the athlete or to the original position, as well as a personal computer with peripheral sensors: a force meter applied to the projectile, a carriage displacement meter, a reaction force meter and two angular displacement meters, all electrically connected to the system unit through an analog-to-digital converter unit, while the force meter sensor applied to the projectile, built between the frame and the pulley, the carriage displacement meter sensor is mounted on the rear support near the pulley, the support reaction force meter sensor is on the floor at the athlete’s location, and the sensor of angular displacement meters is located on the elbow and knee joints. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the angular displacement meter is a goniometer. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the core is replaceable. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for returning the carriage with the core to its original position consists of a string stretched and fixed to the stress beam with a spring on it, which are fixed at the rear support and one end of the cable is attached to the free end of the spring , and its second end - to the carriage.

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