RU2318177C2 - Method for industrial salvaging of small arms cartridges and installation for their stripping - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: practice of processing of ammunition, concerns the installation for stripping of small arms cartridges and method for their salvaging.

SUBSTANCE: the method consists in loading of cartridges in the installation for their stripping, where a successive accomplishment of operations of extraction of bullets and powder and transfer of them for further processing is performed, they are irrigated by water. The primer cap of empty cartridge cases is punched in an isolated space, and its aspiration is accomplished with provision of cleaning of the process gases ejected into the atmosphere from toxic components. Cleaning is successively performed by precipitation of soot and dust, precipitation of vapors of mercury in a mix with aerosols of antimony oxide and potassium chloride and subsequent adsorption of the residual vapors of mercury and sulfur dioxide. The installation for stripping of cartridges has devices for extraction of bullets and powder from the cartridge cases with irrigation of them by water and transfer of them for further processing. The device for punching of the primer cap of empty cartridge cases is made isolated from the other devices and provided with an individual isolating shelter with a system of its aspiration providing cleaning of the process gases ejected into the atmosphere from toxic components.

EFFECT: enhanced safety of the process of cartridge salvaging.

6 cl, 3 dwg, 2 tbl

Description

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

The invention relates to a technology for processing ammunition unsuitable for military and educational use or storage, for example, ammunition with an expired shelf life or rejected for one reason or another. The invention directly relates to an apparatus for cutting rounds of small arms cartridges and a method for their industrial disposal.

BACKGROUND

The prior art (RF patent No. 2246094) discloses a method for cutting unitary cartridges, including loading cartridges into an apparatus for cutting them and sequentially performing the following technological operations: removing bullets from the cartridges, extracting gunpowder from the cartridges with water, breaking through the capsule of empty cartridges and their removal. When cutting, the orientation of each cartridge along the axis and their movement is carried out along the trajectory of the generatrix of the cone in such a way that loading is carried out in the area close to the horizontal position of the cartridge, powder is spilled from the sleeve in the area close to the vertical position of the sleeve, and penetration of the detonator capsule is with the inclined position of the sleeve after rash of gunpowder.

In General, the installation for cutting cartridges in this way is made in the form of a monoblock, structurally combining a device for extracting bullets from the shells, a device for extracting gunpowder from the shells, a device for breaking through the detonator capsule and all drive and auxiliary mechanisms. With this arrangement of the installation, it is practically impossible to use for herself and the platforms for her maintenance of a common insulating shelter with a suction system with the removal of toxic process gases, because attendants would be forced to work in an area of such a shelter in an unsanitary, highly polluted toxin atmosphere. Therefore, toxic process gases can in this case be partially removed only with the help of general shop supply and exhaust ventilation of a sufficiently large capacity. The ability to purify toxic process gases before they are discharged into the atmosphere in the described method is not provided, which causes severe damage to the ecological environment.

In addition, the described and similar methods do not include in a single technological process for the industrial utilization of mercury precisely because of the lack of means for purifying mercury-containing process gases before their release into the atmosphere.

SUMMARY AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The objective of the present invention is the creation of such a method of industrial disposal of small arms cartridges and such an installation for cutting them, which can normalize the sanitary working conditions of staff and reduce environmental pollution by toxic emissions to an acceptable level. At the same time, in a single technological process, another objective of the invention is solved, namely the disposal of mercury as a product of purification of the emitted process gases.

The problem is solved by the proposed method for the industrial utilization of small arms cartridges, including loading cartridges into an installation for cutting them with sequential execution of the following technological operations: removing bullets from the shells and transferring them for further processing, removing gunpowder from the shells and irrigation with water and transferring them for further processing , breaking through the detonator capsule of empty cartridges and their removal.

According to the main embodiment of the method, penetration of the detonator capsule of empty cartridges is performed in a localized isolated space and is aspirated to ensure that toxic gases such as carbon black, dust, mercury vapor, antimony and potassium chloride aerosols, sulfur dioxide and etc.

Since the process of breaking through a detonator capsule of empty cartridges is practically the only source of toxic process gases, the localization of this process in an isolated space allows the toxic components to be concentrated in volume, thereby minimizing the performance of the aspiration system and more easily realizing the purification of process gases emitted into the atmosphere . This allows us to normalize the sanitary working conditions of the staff at all workplaces and reduce the environmental pollution by toxic emissions to an acceptable level.

According to a preferred embodiment of the method, the process gases are cleaned of toxic components before being released into the atmosphere by successively precipitating soot and dust, vaporizing mercury in a mixture with antimony oxide and potassium chloride aerosols and then adsorbing the residual vapor of mercury and sulfur dioxide, while the precipitated liquid mercury is the form of stupa is assigned for further processing.

Thus, in a single technological process, mercury is disposed of as a product of purification of emitted process gases.

Other features of the proposed method for the industrial disposal of small arms cartridges will be visible from the following detailed description of the invention.

The task at the same time is solved using the proposed installation for cutting ammunition of small arms, which allows you to implement the above method of industrial disposal of small arms cartridges in the framework of a single inventive concept. This installation comprises a device for extracting bullets from the shells and transferring them for further processing, a device for extracting gunpowder from the shells with irrigation with water and transferring them for further processing, a device for breaking through the detonator capsule of empty shells and removing them.

According to the main embodiment of the installation, the device for penetrating the detonator capsule of empty cartridges is made separate from the rest of the devices and is equipped with an independent insulating cover with an aspiration system for cleaning toxic gases emitted into the atmosphere from toxic particles such as soot, dust, mercury vapor, antimony aerosols and potassium chloride, sulfur dioxide, etc.

The suction system preferably comprises a sequentially connected dust collecting chamber for soot and dust, a mercury vapor precipitant mixed with antimony oxide and potassium chloride aerosols, and an adsorber for absorbing residual mercury vapor and sulfur dioxide.

The precipitator of mercury vapor in a mixture with antimony oxide and potassium chloride aerosols contains a filter nozzle, preferably made of amalgamated copper chips or wire.

The proposed installation for cutting cartridges of small arms allows you to realize the positive effect inherent in the proposed method of industrial disposal of small arms cartridges described above.

Other features of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of its embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.

BLUEPRINTS

The invention is illustrated by examples of its embodiment with the illustration of schematic drawings, which show:

Figure 1 - technological scheme of industrial disposal of small arms cartridges;

Figure 2 - installation diagram for cutting cartridges of small arms (except for breaking through the detonator capsule);

Figure 3 - diagram of a separate device for breaking through the detonator capsule.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

A method for the industrial disposal of small arms cartridges (FIG. 1) includes loading cartridges into an installation 1 for cutting them, where sequential operations are carried out to remove bullets and gunpowder irrigated with water for further processing. The transfer of empty shells is carried out in a localized isolated space 2 for the operation of breaking through the detonator capsule using a separate device for breaking through the detonator capsule, isolated from the rest of the device 1 for cutting cartridges. In this case, a localized isolated space 2 is aspirated using a fan 3 to ensure that toxic gases such as carbon black, dust, mercury vapor, antimony and potassium chloride aerosols, sulfur dioxide, and the like are emitted into the atmosphere.

These toxic components are mainly the products of combustion of powder that has not spilled out of the sleeves (caked) and of the ignition composition of the detonator capsule (in particular, KV-25) having the following formulation, wt.%:

1. Hg explosive mercury (ONC) ₂ 25 2. Bertoletova salt KClO ₃ 37.5 3. antimony - trisulfur antimony Sb ₂ S ₃ 37.5

Experimental studies of the products of combustion of an igniter composition (KB-25) showed the following results (Table 1):

Table 1. Substances formed The content of the substance, mol / kg The amount of substance in terms of 1 capsule (0.117 g of the mixture), mg Hazard Class 1. In the condensed phase Mercury Hg 0.87835097 20.60 I Potassium Chloride KCl 3.05999541 26.75 IV Antimony sb 0,50800747 7.20 II Antimony Sb ₂ About ₃ 0.84991807 28.90 II Total 83.45 mg (71.4 wt.%) 2. In the gaseous phase Nitrogen N ₂ 0.8783509 2.90 - Sulfur dioxide SO ₂ 3,3116400 24.80 - Carbon monoxide 1,7500,000 5.70 IV Carbon dioxide CO ₂ 0,0067016 0.10 - Total 33.5 mg (28.6 wt.%)

The purification of process gases containing up to 10 g / m ³ mercury vapor mixed with antimony oxide and potassium chloride aerosols is sequentially carried out by means of precipitation of soot and dust in a dust-collecting chamber 4, deposition of mercury vapor mixed with antimony oxide and chloride aerosols potassium in the precipitator 5 and the subsequent adsorption of the residual vapor of mercury and sulfur dioxide in the adsorber 6. In this case, the precipitated liquid mercury in the form of a mortar is removed from the precipitator of mercury vapor 5 into a collection container and transferred to a specialist for further processing ized company.

The processing of extracted incendiary, tracer and other bullets, except for instant-action bullets, is carried out by heat treatment for burning combustible components and melting lead at a temperature of 680 ... 740 ° C for 5 ... 10 min with the separation of molten lead and metal elements, for example, in a rotary drum furnace 7. The following combustion products are formed (Table 2):

Table 2. Substances formed The content of the substance, mol / kg The amount of substance in terms of 1 bullet (2.81 g of the mixture), mg Hazard Class 1. In the condensed phase Al ₂ O ₃ 1,99497712 573 IV Wow 2,00355053 865 II MgO 7,46228838 850 - Total 81.14 wt.% 2. In the gaseous phase N ₂ 1.7932600 141 - H ₂ O 1.1968400 60 - O ₂ 2,5931100 - - CO ₂ 0.0844945 321 - Total 18.86 wt.%

The removal of products of burning of combustible constituents of bullets is carried out in the usual way by means of forced ventilation of workplaces and filtering the air discharged into the atmosphere.

The processing of recovered instant bullets (for example, types MDZ, MZD-M) equipped with a TEN explosive (TNT equivalent 1.4) is carried out by their destruction by blasting at a remote specialized site.

The recovered gunpowder, in particular pyroxylin, is dehydrated in the usual manner in section 8 and processed into an industrial explosive (BB) in section 9 by phlegmatization with an oil product, for example, industrial oil. As a result, a high-quality industrial explosive is produced (in particular, the so-called GRANIPOR PPF).

Installation 1 (Figure 1) for cutting cartridges of small arms contains a device for extracting bullets from shells and transferring them for further processing and a device for extracting gunpowder from shells with irrigation with water and transferring them for further processing (Figure 2). According to the invention, device 2 (Figs. 1, 3) for breaking through a detonator capsule of empty shells is made separate from the rest of the installation and is equipped with a self-contained insulating cover with an aspiration system for cleaning toxic gases such as soot and dust emitted into the atmosphere. , mercury vapors, antimony oxide and potassium chloride aerosols, sulfur dioxide, etc.

Installation (Figure 2) for cutting cartridges of small arms (except for breaking through the detonator capsule) contains a feed hopper 10 mounted in a common housing with a loading device 11 for orienting the cartridges 12 and fixing them at the bottom of the sleeve, a mechanism 13 for extracting bullets 14, a guide 15 and storage hopper 16 for the extracted bullets 14, a device 17 for extracting gunpowder from the shells 18, a storage hopper 19 for the extracted gunpowder, a guide 20 and a storage hopper 21 for the shells 18, the drive device 22.

A separate device (Fig. 3) for penetrating a detonator capsule comprises a loading device 23 mounted in a separate housing, a drum 24 for positioning the sleeves 18, a piercing mechanism of the detonator capsule with a striker and a copier 26, a removable device 27 for removing the sleeves 18a with a punched capsule detonator, self-contained insulating shelter 28 with its aspiration system, additional outlet 28a for process gases, drive unit 29.

The suction system (Figure 1) contains a sequentially connected dust chamber 4 for soot and dust, a precipitant 5 of mercury vapor mixed with antimony oxide and potassium chloride aerosols, an adsorber 6 for absorption of residual vapor of mercury and sulfur dioxide, and a fan 3. The dust chamber 4 can be of any suitable design, for example a cyclone type. The adsorber 6 also has a conventional design and is filled with a carbon absorber of mercury vapor (for example, UPR according to TU 2165-23-01877509-03).

The precipitating agent 5 of mercury vapor mixed with antimony oxide and potassium chloride aerosols contains a filter nozzle made of amalgamated copper chips, wire or the like. Due to the high mercury wettability of the amalgam and the large surface of the filter material, mercury and aerosol particles (antimony oxide, potassium chloride) are actively deposited on it. The degree of purification of gases from mercury is 85-90%. Drops of mercury, together with aerosol particles, enter a container of contaminated mercury (stupa).

Installation for cutting rounds of small arms is as follows:

Using the drive device 22 (Figure 2), the cartridges 12 are fed into the loading device 11 for their orientation and fixation at the bottom of the sleeve and then go to the mechanism 13 for extracting bullets 14. Here they are removed in the horizontal position of the cartridges 12 mainly using a collet grip as the most reliable (not shown). The extracted bullets 14 along the guide 15 fall into the storage hopper 16 for bullets. Then, the shells 18 without bullets enter the device 17 for extracting gunpowder from them by pouring with irrigation water (when turning into a vertical position) into the storage hopper 19 for the extracted gunpowder. Empty sleeves 18 with the detonator capsule not yet pierced along the guide 20 fall into the storage hopper 21.

Empty sleeves 18 with an unbroken detonator capsule from the storage hopper 21 of the cartridge cutting unit (FIG. 2) are transferred to the loading device 23 of a separate device for breaking through the detonator capsule (FIG. 3) and are rigidly fixed in the boxes of the drum 24. When the drum 24 rotates using the drive device 29, in one of the phases, the penetration mechanism of the detonator capsule 25 is triggered by the copier 26, the striker of which pierces the detonator capsule, causing ignition of its combustible composition. Sleeves 18a with a punched detonator enter the device 27 for their removal as non-ferrous metal (brass L-72).

Stand-alone insulating shelter 28 and an additional outlet 28a are connected to an aspiration system (FIG. 1) and allow the collection of process gases for their cleaning from toxic components before being released into the atmosphere. Purified process gases according to the hygienic conclusion of the Center for State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance in the Moscow Region of the Ministry of the Russian Federation No. 50.99.06.032.P.09899.07.9 dated July 16, 1999 (carbon absorbers of mercury vapor grades UPR-G, UPR-P) contain mercury in the amount of 0.001 mg / m ³ , which corresponds to the maximum permissible concentration of mercury in the air of the working area.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The practical field of industrial use of the invention covers the disposal of a wide range of small-caliber ammunition with expired storage periods (more than 20 years), in large quantities accumulated in warehouses, in particular, the following:

1. cartridges of calibers 12.7 mm and 14.5 mm type B-32 with armor-piercing incendiary bullet;

2. cartridges of calibers 12.7 mm and 14.5 mm of types MDZ, MDZ-M with incendiary bullet of instant action;

3. cartridges of 12.7 mm caliber type BZT-44M with armor-piercing incendiary tracer bullet;

4. cartridges of caliber 14.5 mm type BZT-M with armor-piercing incendiary tracer bullet;

5. cartridges of caliber 14.5 mm type ZP with incendiary bullet;

6. cartridges of caliber 14.5 mm type BST with armor-piercing tracer bullet;

7. cartridges of caliber 12.7 mm type BS with armor-piercing tracer bullet.

The performance of the installation as a whole can be approximately 2-3 cartridges per second, which even with incomplete loading corresponds to the receipt of secondary resources in the following quantities:

non-ferrous metal up to 300 t / month black metal up to 200 t / month industrial explosives up to 100 t / month lead up to 35 t / month mercury (stupa) up to 7 kg / month

Claims (6)

1. A method of industrial disposal of small arms cartridges, including loading cartridges, cutting them by removing bullet cartridges from the cartridges and transferring them for further processing, removing gunpowder from the cartridges with water and transferring them for further processing, breaking through the detonator capsule of empty cartridges and their removal, characterized in that the penetration of the detonator capsule of the empty shells is carried out in an isolated space and its aspiration and subsequent cleaning of the process gases emitted into the atmosphere from current components by sedimentation of soot and dust, vapor deposition of mercury mixed with aerosols of antimony oxide and potassium chloride and subsequent adsorption of residual vapor of mercury and sulfur dioxide, while the precipitated liquid mercury in the form of a mortar is diverted for further processing. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the processing of the extracted incendiary and tracer bullets is carried out by heat treatment at a temperature of 680 ... 740 ° C for 5 ... 10 min with the separation of molten lead and metal elements, for example, rotary drum oven. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the processing of the extracted bullets of instant action is carried out by their destruction by blasting. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the extracted gunpowder is dehydrated and processed into an industrial explosive by phlegmatization with an oil product, for example, industrial oil. 5. Installation for cutting cartridges of small arms, comprising a device for extracting bullets from the shells and transferring them for further processing, a device for extracting gunpowder from the shells with irrigation water and transferring them for further processing, a device for breaking through empty shells of the detonator capsule and removing them , characterized in that the device for breaking through the detonator capsule of empty sleeves is made autonomous and equipped with an insulating shelter with an aspiration system containing a dust precipitation chamber connected in series in soot and dust precipitator mercury vapor in admixture with antimony oxide and aerosols of potassium chloride, and adsorber for absorbing the residual mercury vapor and sulfur dioxide. 6. Installation according to claim 5, characterized in that the precipitant of mercury vapor in a mixture with aerosols of antimony oxide and potassium chloride contains a filter precipitant made of amalgamated copper chips or wire.

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