RU2316166C1 - Hitch of combine headers for harvesting of farm crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, hitches for combines.

SUBSTANCE: hitch has table formed as platform, left-hand and right-hand sides, horizontal unit and vertical doubled cutter knife, said horizontal unit and knife being equipped with drive. Table is formed as platform equipped with set of floors. Left-hand side is rigidly attached to table and right-hand side is adjustably attached to table. Seed discharge restricting device made in the form of triangular bar is positioned behind horizontal cutter knife. Drive for horizontal cutting unit consists of pivotal finger device and eccentric flange fixed on pulley by means of connecting rod so that vibratory motions are transmitted through spherical member to rocker arm. Second lever of rocker arm is connected to pivotal finger device of horizontal cutting unit blade. Drive for vertical cutter knife is connected through tie-rods of electric engine crankshaft to electric equipment of combine. Hitch for header enables harvesting of cereal crops, as well as leguminous and capsuliferous crops.

EFFECT: increased efficiency and wider range of crops harvested using header hitch of such construction.

9 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to attachments to headers for harvesting crops on combine and forage harvesters.

State of the art

Known header containing a platform, an attachment having a transverse frame with uprights and pins for fixing in the transport position, while it is equipped with plates with a through groove made in each of them and a hole and axles, each cantilever mounted on the front side in the direction of travel of the header racks, and the plate is freely mounted on the axis, and in the hole there is a pin in contact with the side of the rack.

In the header, the plate is rectangular in shape and the groove in it is made parallel to its larger side with an offset relative to the vertical axis of symmetry of the plate in one of these sides.

In the header, the axis is made with a shoulder having two parallel flats, the distance between which is less than or equal to the width of the groove.

In the header, the axis with the shoulder is mounted perpendicular to the stand (see AS USSR No. 1787355, class A01D 34/00, publ. 15.01.1993).

The disadvantage of this header is the low reliability and operational performance.

Known header mounted frontal, including a housing, a mounted device containing a beam with support wheels and the main drive from the energy source, while the transverse beam through hinges is connected to the semi-frame with the ability to move the transverse beam with the housing in the transverse direction relative to the movement of the unit and with the mounted frame with the possibility its movement in a vertical plane relative to the movement of the unit, while the hinged frame is connected to the housing through brackets, thrust frames and a hinge and connected to the mechanism When copying the topography of the soil, self-aligning wheels are used as supporting wheels.

In the header, the hinged frame is connected to the mechanism for copying the topography of the soil through tension springs. In the header, the half-frame is connected by means of a hinge and spars to the spars of the energy facility.

In the header, the main drive includes a hydraulic system. In the header, the hydraulic system is connected to the hydraulic system of the power facility using high-pressure hoses and lifting cylinders.

In the header, the main drive includes a coupling as a safety element and intermediate racks connected to the power tool.

In the header, the self-aligning wheels are made with offset axes of rotation in a vertical plane.

In the header, the support wheels have vertical struts inserted into the bushings of the transverse beam.

In the header, vertical racks are mounted in bearings and fixed with castellated nuts to prevent their vertical movement.

In the header, the housing contains a cutting apparatus, reel and conveyor belts.

In the header, the cutting apparatus, reel and conveyor belts are equipped with drives from the tractor drive (see Pat. RF No. 2208927, class A01D 34/03, 34/04, publ. July 27, 2003).

The disadvantage of this mounted header is low operational productivity and working conditions.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved positive effect and accepted by the authors for the prototype is the attachment of the header of the Niva and Kolos combine harvesters, which contains a table with a fixed horizontal cutting unit, left and right sidewalls, a lever system with a rocker, an electric motor (see Izakson Kh.I. Combine harvesters "Niva" and "Kolos", 1980, p.14, 15, fig. 8).

The disadvantage of this design is the high complexity of the process of hitching the device to the header, metal consumption and low reliability, large losses when harvesting agricultural crops due to insufficient width of the bottom of the header, the absence of a limiter for the descent of seeds and vertical knives to cut off the harvested part of the crops from the main crop array , which leads to the formation of the next part of the losses, because the upper seed part, for example, rapeseed is woven together and when the harvesting part of the rapeseed ruptures from the main array without being trimmed with a vertical knife, seed loss occurs with free scree in the range of 1.5-2%.

Disclosure of the invention.

The technical result that can be achieved using the present invention is to reduce the complexity of the process of hitching the device to the header, metal consumption, increase reliability, reduce losses during harvesting of agricultural crops and expand the functionality, namely the ability to harvest legumes, legumes and grains cultures.

The technical result is achieved by using an attachment to the reapers of a combine harvester for harvesting crops, containing a table to which a horizontal cutting device is fixed, right and left sidewalls, a lever system with a rocker arm, an electric motor, while it is equipped with a vertical cutting knife of a double type, a limit of seed descent and the cutting horizontal apparatus and the vertical cutting knife of the double type are equipped with drives, while the table is made in the form of a platform of a frame structure with a set of overlap , to which the left sidewall is fixed rigidly, and the right one with the possibility of regulation, and the cutting horizontal apparatus is installed with the possibility of extending the bottom of the device by entering under the overlap, behind the cutting horizontal apparatus there is a seed descent limiter made in the form of a triangular beam, while the horizontal cutting drive the apparatus consists of a hinged-finger device mounted on the head of the knife with the ability to compensate for the angular movements of the beam in a horizontal plane, e of a ksentric flange mounted on the pulley by means of a connecting rod with the possibility of transmitting oscillatory movements through the ball element to the rocker arm, the second lever of the rocker arm is connected to the articulated-finger device of the header blade of the cutting horizontal apparatus, and the double-type vertical cutting knife drive is connected by crankshaft rods from the electric motor to the combine harvester .

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where Fig. 1 shows a hinged device for harvesters of a combine for harvesting crops, a kinematic diagram; figure 2 - attachment, General view; on figa shows the right sidewall and a diagram of its attachment to the header: on figb - view a on figa; figure 4 shows the left sidewall and the scheme of its attachment to the header; on figa shows a vertical knife with an electric drive; on figb - section aa in figa; on figa shows a diagram of a knife drive horizontal cutting apparatus, top view; on figb is the same side view.

The implementation of the invention.

The attachment to the harvester headers for harvesting crops consists of a table 1, a cutting horizontal apparatus 2, a right 3 and a left 4 sidewalls, one or two vertical knives 5 of an active double type divider with an electric drive (not shown in Fig.) Mounted on sidewalls 3 , 4, of the attachment (the vertical knife of the active divider on the left sidewall is not shown conventionally) and the lever system of the drive 6 of the knife of the horizontal cutting apparatus 2, while table 1 (Fig. 2) is made in the form of a platform of a frame structure made of straight a rectangular pipe 7 and a channel 8, interconnected by beams and braces of rigidity 9, which are the bearing base of the table, the length of the table 1 depending on the length of the header (not shown in Fig.), a horizontal cutting apparatus 2 is connected to the rectangular pipe 7 of the table 1, the right adjustable sidewall 3 and the left sidewall 4 rigidly connected to the table 1 with vertical knives of active dividers (not shown in Fig.) and with elements of the coupling devices 10, 11, 12 for attaching the device to the header, lever drive 6 is also located on the left sidewall 4 knife blade a horizontal cutting unit 2 from the eccentric flange 13 mounted on a pulley MKSH header, the table top 1 is mounted a set of overlap 14 of the sheet material serving as the attachment head, wherein the cutting unit horizontal header (FIG. not shown) when installing the device on the header, it goes under floor 14, and thus the bottom of the header expands to the width of the table 1 of the attached device, forming a single unit with it, and the triangular beam 15 installed behind the cutting horizontal apparatus 2 of the device acts as a limiter for the descent of seeds that have fallen free grain.

The right sidewall 3 (FIG. 3a) and the left sidewall 4 (FIG. 4) serve as the basic nodes for hitching the device onto the header and for installing vertical knives 5 of active dividers (the vertical knife is not conventionally shown in FIG. 4), while the right sidewall 3 (figa) is removable and has an adjustment unit 16 for adjusting the attachment device along the header length carrying the ski 17, flanging 18 and rigidly connected mounting ribs 19, which serve as the basic elements for the header sidewall 20, elements of the coupling devices 10, 11 of the mounted header devices, vertical knife 5 ak active divider with an electric motor is attached to the flange 18.

The left sidewall 4 (Fig. 4), rigidly connected to the table 1 of the attachment, in addition to the function of the base unit when the device is mounted on the sidewall 20 of the header and the installation of a vertical knife 5 of the active divider (not shown conventionally in Fig.), Also serves to accommodate drive elements 6 knives of the horizontal cutting apparatus 2 of the device are made in the form of a flange 21 and a ski 22, rigidly interconnected with the frame elements of the table 1, a rectangular pipe 7 and a channel 8 and rigidly connected with the flange 21 by the connecting ribs 23, which serve as the basis for the sidewalls s 20 headers when hanging the device on the header and connecting them with the help of coupling devices 12, 24.

The vertical knife 5 of the active divider (Fig. 5a) with an electric drive, which serves for side cutting of the mowed mass, is a Baltic cutting device with double knives 25, 26, which counter-reciprocate through the rods 27, 28 from the crankshaft 29 through the belt transmission 30 from a direct current electric motor M connected to the electrical equipment of the combine, while the knives 25, 26 with drive elements are mounted on structural elements 31, with which the vertical knife is attached to the flange 18 side wines 3, 4 of the attachment.

The drive 6 of the knife of the horizontal cutting apparatus 2 of the attachment device (Fig. 6a), which serves to convert the rotational movement of the pulley 32 of the MKS header to the reciprocating motion of the knife of the horizontal cutting apparatus 2, consists of an eccentric flange 33 mounted on the pulley 32 of the header that converts the rotational movement in the reciprocating movement of the connecting rod 34, connected through the ball elements 35 with the beam 36 and the axis 37 of the beam 36, which transmits this movement through the articulated-finger device 38 to the knife horizontally th cutting unit 2 of the device, wherein the ball members 35 and the pivotally-finger device 38 is mounted on the knife head, serve for compensating angular movement of the connecting rod 34 and rocker arm 36.

The attachment to the harvester header for harvesting crops is as follows.

After hitching the device to the sidewalls of the header (not shown in FIG.) And fastening it to the header with a system of coupling devices 10, 11 (FIG. 3), 12, 24 (FIG. 4), an eccentric flange 13 is mounted on the pulley 32 of the header header, at the same time it turns off horizontal cutting apparatus 2 of the header by removing the driving lever MKS (not shown in Fig.) and through the connecting rod 34, connected through the ball elements 35 to the rocker 36 mounted on the axis 37 rigidly fixed to the sidewall of the sidewall 34 of the reciprocating movement of the connecting rod 34 through the second rocker lever 36 connected to hinges but-finger arrangement 38 mounted on the head of the blade, the blade knife communicated horizontal cutter unit 2 of the attachment, the ball members 35 and the pivotally-finger device 38 serves to compensate for the angular displacement of the connecting rod 34 and rocker arm 36.

This connection scheme in the operation of the horizontal cutting apparatus 2 of the device ensures its operation in a simple and reliable way.

The invention in comparison with the prototype and other known technical solutions has the following advantages:

- reducing the complexity of the process of hitching the device to the header;

- reduction of metal consumption and increased reliability;

- reduction of losses when harvesting agricultural crops;

- the possibility of harvesting legumes, legumes and crops.

Claims (1)

A hinged device for harvesters of a combine harvester for harvesting crops, containing a table to which a horizontal cutting device is fixed, right and left sidewalls, a lever system with a rocker, an electric motor, characterized in that it is equipped with a double vertical cutting knife, a seed descent limiter, and a cutting the horizontal apparatus and the vertical double-type cutting knife are equipped with drives, and the table is made in the form of a platform of a frame structure with a set of ceilings, to which the left sidewall is fixed Lena is rigid, and the right one is adjustable, and the horizontal cutting device is installed with the possibility of extending the bottom of the device by going under the floor, behind the horizontal cutting device there is a seed descent limiter made in the form of a triangular beam, while the horizontal cutting device drive consists of a hinged-finger a device mounted on the head of the knife with the ability to compensate for the angular movements of the rocker in the horizontal plane, an eccentric flange, fixed on the pulley by means of a connecting rod with the possibility of transmitting oscillatory movements through the ball element to the beam, the second lever of the beam is connected to the articulated-finger device of the header blade of the cutting horizontal apparatus, and the double-type vertical cutting knife drive is connected by crankshaft rods from the electric motor with the combine electric equipment.

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