RU2315203C2 - Axial-flow pump - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; pumps.

SUBSTANCE: proposed axial-flow pump has cylindrical housing 1, axial wheel 2 installed on shaft 3 and diverting device with straightening assembly 4 at inlet, and diffuser 5. Pump contains profiled disk-fairing 6 to transform axial flow of liquid into radial flow which is installed after axial wheel 2 directly on wheel shaft 3. Diverting device is made in form of rounded-section spiral chamber. Straightening assembly 4 is installed at periphery of disk-fairing 6.

EFFECT: increased vibration stability and efficiency of axial-flow pump owing to minimization of hydraulic losses at conversion of axial flow into radial flow and shockless entry of flow into spiral chamber.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the design of an axial pump and can be used in pump engineering.

The classic design of the axial pump is presented in figure 1. The axial pump includes a cylindrical housing 1, an axial wheel 2, behind which a diverting device is made, consisting of a straightening device 4 and a diffuser 5. The axial wheel is mounted on the shaft 3. In the axial wheel, the liquid accelerates to the required speed, which is at the exit of the axial wheel It has two components: axial and tangential. In the rectifier, the tangential component of the velocity is converted to axial, and in the diffuser, the velocity is converted to pressure.

Schemes and designs of axial pumps are widely represented in the technical literature. The classic version of an axial pump is given, in particular, in the book of A. Lomakin. Centrifugal and propeller pumps, Moscow-Leningrad, Mashgiz, 1950, Fig. 215, p. 311.

Currently, axial pumps are widely used in engine building for aircraft and rocket technology. For example, in rocket engines, axial pumps are used in high-speed booster turbopump units.

The presented axial pump circuit is simple in design and has minimal hydraulic losses. At the same time, this scheme has significant drawbacks due to significant axial dimensions, such as the large length of the shaft line, the mass and vibration sensitivity of the pump. The units that are part of the engines for aircraft or rocket technology are subject to stringent requirements for overall mass and vibration characteristics. In this regard, the classical design scheme of the axial pump for aircraft and rocket engines is not only unsatisfactory in terms of overall mass characteristics, but also requires improvements in terms of increasing the vibration stability of the pump rotor, for example, installing additional shaft bearings to eliminate rotor self-oscillations, especially typical in high-speed units .

Closest to the invention is an axial pump, comprising a housing, an axial wheel mounted on a shaft, a profiled disc fairing for converting an axial fluid flow into a radial, diverting device - a diffuser in the form of a circular spiral chamber and a rectifying device at the entrance to the diffuser

However, the known pump has a low efficiency.

The invention is aimed at increasing the vibration stability and efficiency of an axial pump by minimizing hydraulic losses when converting an axial flow into a radial and shockless flow inlet into a spiral chamber.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the axial pump containing the axle wheel mounted on the shaft, a profiled disc fairing for converting the axial fluid flow into a radial, diverting device is a diffuser in the form of a circular spiral chamber and a rectifying device at the inlet of the diffuser According to the invention, the fairing disk is mounted on the wheel shaft, and the rectifying apparatus is formed on the periphery of the fairing disk.

In figure 1 of the accompanying drawings, a classical diagram of an axial pump is given.

Figure 2 - diagram of the axial pump according to the closest analogue.

Figure 3 is a diagram of an axial pump according to the invention.

The axial pump contains a cylindrical housing 1, an axial wheel 2 mounted on the shaft 3, and a diverting device having a rectifying device 4 at the inlet and a diffuser 5. The axial pump is equipped with a profiled disc fairing 6 for converting the axial fluid flow into a radial one, which is installed behind the axial wheel 2 directly, and the discharge device is made in the form of a spiral chamber of rounded cross section. The disc fairing 6 is mounted on the shaft 3, and the rectifying apparatus 4 is made on the periphery of the disc fairing 6.

When the pump is operating in the axial wheel 2, the liquid accelerates to the required speed and an axial fluid flow is formed. When flowing around the disc fairing 6, the axial fluid flow is converted into a radial flow having a tangential velocity component. In the rectifying apparatus 4, the direction of fluid movement is formed in a spiral chamber 5 of rounded cross section, in which the kinetic energy of the fluid flow is converted into fluid pressure. When this occurs, the shockless flow inlet into the spiral chamber 5 with minimal losses.

Claims (1)

An axial pump, comprising a housing, an axial wheel mounted on a shaft, a profiled disc fairing for converting an axial fluid flow into a radial, a discharge device — a diffuser in the form of a circular circular chamber and a rectifying device at the inlet of the diffuser, characterized in that the disc fairing is installed on the wheel shaft, and the rectifying device is made on the periphery of the fairing disk.

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