RU2314969C1 - Method and device for creating variable thrust force - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hydro- and aero-dynamics of objects moving in space; shipbuilding and rocket manufacture.

SUBSTANCE: proposed method is based on use of electromagnetic propulsor made on basis of electrization of boundary layer of medium of motion and acting on it by moving magnetic field. Motion in space is ensured by definite position of propulsors on transport facility in accordance with number of degree of freedom.

EFFECT: enhanced efficiency of creating thrust force irrespective of nature of medium.

22 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hydro and aerodynamics of objects located and moving in space. The invention also relates to electric asynchronous machines and can be used in shipbuilding and rocket science. A new type of propulsion system is proposed, capable of creating a thrust force, regardless of the nature of the medium. The invention is pioneering.

As a remote analogue, we can consider an asynchronous squirrel cage squirrel cage rotor. A rotating magnetic field (VMP) in the engine is created by a circular magnetic circuit with a system of grooves and teeth located around the circumference of the stator’s internal bore. With a three-phase power system, three windings fit into the grooves. They are distributed around the circumference of the stator so that between the axis of the poles there is an angle of 120 degrees. The presence of a temporary and spatial shift of 120 degrees in a symmetric three-phase system causes the appearance of an HMF.

The propagation path of the magnetic flux passes through the teeth facing the axis of rotation of the magnetic field, the gaps between the stator and the rotor and the rotor body. At the periphery, the magnetic flux closes along the yoke. Magnetic flux crosses the squirrel cage rods (they run parallel to the axis of rotation), induces an electric current in them. From the latter, a magnetic field arises, interacting with the primary magnetic field. Creates a torque applied to the rotor (1, p.270-276). The rotor is carried away by the stator magnetic field with some lag (slip). The magnetic field almost does not reach the outer surface of the stator (excluding scattering fluxes). However, in the case under consideration (the creation of a new mover), its exit to the stator surface is required, for example, unwinding of the boundary layer of the medium in which the object is moving. In this case, the boundary layer must have a certain electrical conductivity. The specified is able to compensate for the force of the pressure of the medium on the body of the object and reduce drag.

In order to obtain a rotating magnetic field using a three-phase system of stator windings, the latter must have axes 120 degrees shifted in space. The direction in which the main wave of induction is of greatest importance is called the axis of the magnetic field.

A magnetic field whose axis rotates is commonly called a rotating magnetic field. If the value of induction in the air gap at a point lying on the axis of the pole of the rotating field remains unchanged, then such a field is called a circular rotating field, since it can be represented by a rotating vector of constant length, describing the circle at its end (4, part two, p.186 )

Another analogue can be a single-phase capacitor induction motor, the rotor of which is made in the form of a squirrel cage or in the form of a thin-walled non-magnetic hollow cylinder (1, p. 278-316). These motors use two separate single-phase windings distributed in the grooves of the stator and mutually shifted along its circumference by half of the pole division. A phase-shifting capacitor is included in one of the windings. In this case, the field is elliptical and the coefficient of performance (COP) is reduced.

The third analogue (prototype) can be an asynchronous two-phase controlled motor (2, p.128-161). The rotor of such an engine is squirrel-cage and is made in the form of a squirrel cage or a hollow non-magnetic with an internal magnetic circuit. On the motor stator are two distributed windings shifted in space by 90 electrical degrees. One winding (OH) is called an excitation winding. It is constantly plugged into AC power. The second winding (op-amp) is the control. The following control modes are applied: amplitude, phase and amplitude-phase. This analogue can be a prototype more than others, since a hollow rotor rotates (similar to a boundary layer) and a smooth change in the rotation speed is possible.

A common feature of the considered analogues is the reversal of the stator poles (stator teeth) inward, to the axis of rotation. The latter makes it impossible to use them to influence the boundary layer and forces them to carry out structural changes.

Understanding that a magnetic field can act only on free electric charges located in the boundary layer (the degree of influence is determined by the Lorentz force), we conditionally replace this effect with a regular, mechanical one, similar to the action of a rotating disk, ring or screw. This simplification will approximately estimate the necessary speed and power of rotation. Further, these figures will be amended.

In order to create a rotating magnetic field, the principle underlying the operation of an induction motor is used (only a stator is used). Its magnetic system passes through an interior including an air gap and a rotor. In the proposed magnetic system, the magnetic flux goes to the outer surface of the stator (the teeth are facing away from the axis of rotation, and the yoke is transferred inward).

The specified space has a magnetic conductivity lower than that of a magnetic circuit made, for example, of electrical steel. With an induction equal to 1 T, the drop in the magnetizing force per unit length of the air flow is 50-300 times greater than in the ferromagnetic sections of the magnetic circuit. With induction in the teeth of 2 T, this ratio decreases to 6-8 (3, p. 66). Obviously, in the proposed design of the stator (let's call it the reversed stator), it is necessary to minimize the path length of the magnetic flux outside the magnetic circuit (from pole to pole). This is achieved by increasing to the maximum possible number of pole pairs.

Another measure is to raise induction to the maximum possible in the stator teeth. It is possible due to the choice of magnetic core material and optimal geometry. The path length of the magnetic flux through the magnetic circuit should significantly exceed the path length outside it. In this case, the saturation of the magnetic circuit should not occur.

The considered is confirmed by the formula for the value of the rated starting torque per one watt of power consumption for an asynchronous motor with a hollow rotor (2, p.148-152)

where: P is the number of pole pairs, f is the frequency of the supply network, A is the coefficient, the structure of which can be determined from the specified source.

In accordance with (1, p. 271), the torque of a multiphase induction motor is determined by the expression

where: m _f is the number of phases of the stator, U _f is the phase voltage of the supply network, ω ₁ is the angular synchronous speed of a rotating field, K is a factor including electrical resistance and slip.

From expression 2 it follows that the moment can be increased by increasing the voltage (most efficiently), the number of phases and reducing the electrical resistance of the boundary layer of the medium into which the reversed stator is placed. The increase in the first two quantities is carried out by conventional circuit solutions. A decrease in resistance is possible due to the artificial introduction of a substance (its solution), for example, an electrolyte into the boundary layer. An increase in electrical conductivity is possible by preliminary impact ionization. The latter occurs (accompanies) in the process of promoting the boundary layer.

The main purpose of the inverted stator is to influence the boundary layer of the medium (decrease in drag), in which the object (apparatus) moves. The inverted stator is installed in the head of the apparatus in front of and on the most stressed (in the sense of drag) section. In this case, the axis of rotation of the magnetic field should coincide with the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the apparatus.

In this system, the boundary layer is under the action of centrifugal force, the forces of counteraction to entry into the magnetic field and the friction force. By investing energy in the magnetic field of the reversed stator, we reduce the pressure force of the medium on the housing, i.e. friction force. The latter leads to significant energy savings of the main power plant.

The kinetic energy of a rotating boundary layer is determined by the formula

where: m is the mass of the boundary layer, V is the linear velocity of rotation of the boundary layer.

The mass of the boundary layer can be calculated by the formula

where the geometric parameters of the layer: L is the length, R is the smallest radius, δ is the thickness, ρ is the density of the layer.

The synchronous (angular) magnetic field rotation speed has a dependence

The centrifugal force due to the rotation of the magnetic field has

where: m is the mass of the elementary volume of the boundary layer, R is the radius of rotation, and V is the linear speed of rotation of the elementary volume.

The strength of the static pressure of the medium on the outer surface of the facing stator or on the elementary volume of the boundary layer is determined by the formula

where: P _o is the absolute pressure at the boundary of two media (water and air), γh is the excess (deficit) pressure, h is the immersion depth (flight height) of the apparatus, γ is the specific gravity of the medium.

Equating expressions 6 and 7, we obtain the formula for finding the necessary rotation speed of the magnetic field depending on the horizon

The counter flow exerts dynamic pressure on the stator surface (more precisely, its normal component). The latter is related to the angle of divergence of the nasal part of the apparatus by the dependence

where: R _din is the dynamic pressure of the flow, R _{n din} is the normal component of the dynamic flow, α is the divergence angle of the bow of the apparatus.

The total pressure of the medium on the apparatus is equal to the sum of the normal components of the static and dynamic

Equating expressions 6 and 9 and solving for V, we obtain the dependence for the rotation speed of the magnetic field

It is known (I, p. 11) that the magnetic crawl in the bore of an asynchronous stator can rotate at a speed of 1000 to 180,000 rpm. The frequency of the supply voltage is in the range from 50 to 3000 Hz.

In the case of a self-propelled underwater vehicle (SPA), the highest free-stream velocity is 1800 m / min. The linear rotational speed of the rotor of an induction motor with a power of 1000 W, a diameter of 0.2 m and a speed of 3000 rpm is 1880 m / min.

For an aircraft (LA), the highest free-stream velocity is 25800 m / min. With an average stator radius of 0.2 m, the field should be 20541 rpm.

The data presented show the reality of the implementation of this proposal using conventional technology and materials.

Thus, the inverted stator should be an electric machine, a multiphase, high-voltage, multipolar apparatus, with an increased supply frequency, with a margin of power and magnetic field rotation speed. Moreover, its outer diameter in most cases is determined by the outer diameter of the object of use of the stator, the inner diameter and length along the axis of rotation are determined by the required power. The width of the teeth is minimized, and their length along the axis of rotation is determined by the maximum possible induction in the tooth. The interpolar distance is reduced to a possible minimum.

We calculate the required power of the inverted stator for SPA and LA using formulas 3 and 4. The rotation speed of the boundary layer should be many times higher than the speed of the incoming flow, more precisely its component, parallel to the surface

where: K ₁ - excess coefficient. With significant K _{1, the} trajectory of the elementary volume of the boundary layer will represent a spiral with a small pitch. A more accurate value of the speed can be calculated by the formula 11.

Let the inverted stator have an external diameter of 0.4 m, a water density of 1000 kg / m ³ , a free-stream velocity of 30 m / s, K ₁ values of 1.5, and 10, a boundary layer thickness of 0.01 m, a bow divergence angle the apparatus is 90 degrees and a length of 0.64 m. With the listed values, the useful power of the inverted stator should be respectively: 1.8 kW, 45 kW and 180 kW. The mass of the boundary layer is 8.21 kg.

Let the inverted stator for SPA have 40 pole pairs, then, in accordance with formula 5, it is possible to provide magnetic field rotation speeds of 21, 105 and 210 m / s using power frequencies of 669, 3339 and 6678 Hz.

For an aircraft, we estimate the required net power, taking the indicated diameter, the length of the stator facing, the angle of divergence of the nose of the aircraft, and the coefficient K ₁ . The air density is assumed to be 1.226 kg / m ³ , and the free-stream velocity is 430 m / s. The mass of the boundary layer, calculated by formula 4, is 0.01 kg Net power is 0.5 kW, 11.3 kW and 45.3 kW. Let the stator have 40 pairs of poles, then to ensure the magnetic field rotation speed of 301, 1505 and 3010 m / s, it is necessary to have power frequencies of 9586, 47930 and 95860 Hz.

Note that the motion of an electric charge in a magnetic field is determined by the Lorentz force

- векторное произведение скорости V движения заряда относительно создающих магнитное поле источников на напряженность магнитного поля Н (5, с.407-409).where: e is the magnitude of the charge,

is the vector product of the velocity V of the motion of the charge relative to the sources generating the magnetic field by the magnetic field H (5, p. 407-409).

направлена перпендикулярно векторам

(векторное произведение перпендикулярно направлениям обоих перемножаемых векторов). При этом сила F_m совпадает по направлению с [

] для положительного заряда и направлена навстречу [

] для отрицательного заряда.Force

directed perpendicular to the vectors

(vector product perpendicular to the directions of both multiplied vectors). Moreover, the force F _m coincides with [

] for a positive charge and is directed towards [

] for a negative charge.

сила F_m столько изменяет направление скорости

, не изменяя ее величины, т.е. только искривляет траекторию заряда. В случае постоянства скорости и напряженности сила также постоянна и равна произведению

Ускорение, сообщаемое заряду силой F_m, постоянно по величине и перпендикулярно траектории заряда, т.е. траектория является окружностью. При этом заряды, имеющие разные знаки, вращаются в противоположном направлении.Due to the perpendicularity to

force F _m changes the direction of speed so much

without changing its value, i.e. only bends the trajectory of the charge. In the case of constant speed and tension, the force is also constant and equal to the product

The acceleration reported by a charge of force F _m is constant in magnitude and perpendicular to the charge path, i.e. the trajectory is a circle. In this case, charges having different signs rotate in the opposite direction.

In the interval between the magnetic poles, the plane of rotation of the charges is perpendicular to the outer surface of the tooth zone and is transverse. Having a mechanical barrier (magnetic shunt reflector) above the tooth zone (with a certain gap), you can use the Lorentz force, bombarding the inner surface of the shunt with charges, to obtain the stop force. Thus, it is possible to convert electromagnetic energy into mechanical without moving mechanical units and parts. By changing the spatial location of the shunt, you can change the location of the magnetic lines of force, finding their optimal orientation.

не перпендикулярна

. При этом скорость

можно разложить на две составляющие: V_n, лежащую в плоскости, перпендикулярной Н, и V_t, направленную вдоль Н. Вторая составляющая превращает движение по окружности в движение по спирали. Время обращения по спирали также не зависит от V, как и время обращения по окружности.In practice, the magnetic field is not uniform. Speed

not perpendicular

. In this case, the speed

can be decomposed into two components: V _n lying in a plane perpendicular to H, and V _t directed along H. The second component turns the movement around the circle into a movement in a spiral. The time of revolution in a spiral is also independent of V, as is the time of revolution in a circle.

ускорение а и радиус вращения определяются по формулам:Imagine a magnetic field rotating above the tooth zone of the inverted stator, in the form of the part of the sphere in which the greatest tension occurs in the longitudinal plane passing through the middle of the teeth and grooves. Let us consider simplified trajectories of the exit of free charges from the magnetic field into which they fall as a result of rotation of the field. Let the charges fall only into space to the greatest tension and they are created by a discharge device (its electrodes) located in front of the facing stator. The charges will be pushed by the Lorentz force from the magnetic field onto its external (closest to the discharge device) surface along a complex, spiral-shaped trajectory. For a uniform field at

acceleration a and radius of rotation are determined by the formulas:

где m - масса заряда.

where m is the mass of the charge.

In some cases (design features or running and flight), it is not necessary to have a magnetic field rotating in a circle. It is enough to have a field moving along a closed, elliptic curve or the like, along an open curve, in a straight line, etc. In this case, the inverted circular stator turns into a non-circular one, or into an expanded nonlinear or linear one.

By “cutting” the circular facing stator along the radius in the groove region, it is possible by “deploying” it (into a ruler (rectangular box) or into another figure to obtain a continuous magnetic field movement in one direction, for example, from left to right. Having such a ruler (figure) on the case object (apparatus) and orienting it differently relative to the axis of symmetry, you can get the necessary effect of reducing drag.

The aluminum cup rotates in the stator bore, as its material has electronic conductivity and is coupled to magnetic flux. The presence of these conditions is mandatory. The existence in the material (boundary layer) of free charges of different signs and in equal quantities will cause the appearance of eddy currents in the opposite direction and the corresponding torques that cancel each other out. The absence of flux linkage at the boundary layer will also cause zero torque.

In the presence of the resulting torque, the boundary layer passing through the inverted stator in structure (velocity field) will be similar to the boundary layer formed on the ship or aircraft hull. Its average speed will be determined by the average rotation speed of the magnetic field and the speed of the object (addition of two vectors). The pulsation component (the presence of turbulence) is determined by the unevenness of the magnetic field and the heterogeneity of the boundary layer.

Consider the suitability of a reversed stator for operation in various environments. Metals have electronic conductivity. Free electrons having a negative charge determine the appearance of the resulting torque. Liquids and gases have ionic conductivity. They contain both particles charged by plus and minus. With their equal number, the resulting moment is zero (no rotation).

Under normal (natural) conditions, liquids and gases are electrically neutral. However, there are circumstances (conditions) under which they lose their neutrality and become polar. In this case, the potential difference can reach a very large value (discharge between the clouds or between the cloud and the earth). The aforementioned necessitates the presence on the body of the object in front of the stator facing the section for intensive electrification of the boundary layer. To avoid discharge, both the section and the stator surface must be covered with an electrically insulating layer. The length of the plot is determined by the required degree of electrification.

The first section of the trajectory of the relative motion of the boundary layer is called the polarization section. The second section downstream is called the unwinding section. On this site is the facing stator. The third section that creates the greatest resistance is called the resistance section. Due to the operation of the inverted stator, the boundary layer in the third section should have a density deficit. In the fourth section, the density of the boundary layer is restored due to the action of Archimedes forces on the untwisted masses. This section is called the collapse section.

In the creation of eddy currents and corresponding moments, charged particles with a mass (including attached mass) are involved. Let us clarify the nature of the interaction of eddy currents of different (opposite) directions, their magnetic fields with the main rotating magnetic field. Air is paramagnet (relative magnetic permeability is greater than 1), and when an external magnetic field is applied, a preferential direction is created in the arrangement of elementary magnetic moments, the air is magnetized. The degree of magnetization is negligible.

The role of orbital moments is small in magnetization. The main elementary carriers of magnetism are spin moments formed as a result of the rotation of an electron around its axis. However, they may not be sufficient, and additional operation on the boundary layer is necessary. In order to knock electrons from high levels in the atomic structure, shock ionization by means of a spark discharge is possible. Electronic avalanches form in the air, leading to the formation of channels of increased electrical conductivity. The propagation velocity of an electron avalanche is less than the rate of formation of an electrically conductive channel. The latter is due to photon ionization of air (6, p. 372-377 and 5, p. 213).

The spark gap system is located on the aircraft body in the first section, in front of the facing stator, uniformly around the circumference. The supply of high voltage to the electrodes can be synchronized with the movement of the magnetic field. In this case, the next discharge should occur ahead of time, the value of which is determined by the time of ionization of the gap: the electrode, the inverted stator. Note that the use of impact ionization is a measure that complements the electrification of the boundary layer from friction. With a relatively low speed of movement of the aircraft, with a short first section, such a measure may be the main one.

In the case of SPA, the ion imbalance in water can be carried out as follows. Firstly, by injecting into the boundary layer a solution of a substance that has the necessary ions and has increased electrical conductivity. As such, there may be an alkaline electrolyte with a conductivity of 6 S / m. Such ions can be selected from the solution in which electrolysis takes place. The source of negatively charged ions is the space surrounding the anode. The source of positively charged ions is the space surrounding the cathode. Selecting part of the ions of the same polarity sign and injecting them under pressure into the boundary layer, it is possible to carry out electrification. The method is cumbersome, expensive and hard to manage. It can also be used for aircraft.

The best way to electrify the boundary layer is self-discharge (spark discharge for air). The discharge should pass in the transverse direction (relative to the displacement of the boundary layer (PS)) and close to the facing stator (OS). In order to avoid a short circuit of the electric circuit at the beginning of the discharge, the circuit breaker must be disconnected from the electrodes of the arrester. Independent discharge can have devastating consequences, which, when implementing the method, will force one to switch to non-independent. At the same time, the latter is easier to manage. Thus, for SPA, discharge is a method of electrification of substations.

The electrical conductivity of water (especially salty and warm) significantly exceeds the electrical conductivity of air. The latter allows in the case of SPA to significantly increase the distance between the electrodes and reduce the voltage on them.

In the case of an aircraft, it is appropriate to recall Stoletov’s law: the highest current for gas is observed at the same ratio of field strength (electric) to pressure (12, p. 211). When changing the height of the aircraft, it is necessary to change the voltage at the electrodes. Otherwise, a non-independent (quiet) discharge can turn into an independent (destructive) one.

In the case of an aqueous medium (SPA), with increasing pressure (immersion depth), electrical conductivity decreases for depths below the density (temperature) jump. When maneuvering SPA in this depth range, one can focus on Stoletov’s law. However, the reverse trend is higher than the density jump, since here the electrical conductivity is mainly determined by the increase in temperature during immersion (Antarctic water structure). In temperate latitudes, the temperature decreases with depth, the conductivity decreases, and you can more confidently focus on the Stoletov law. In other words, a vertical section of electrical conductivity (temperature) is a criterion for determining the magnitude of the voltage at the electrodes of the discharge device.

With the rapid movement of the SPA on its body, cavitation is possible, the formation of areas with a pressure deficit, with an excess of free ions and with an increase in electrical conductivity (6, p. 517). The first section, where the discharge device is located, as well as the space of the inverted stator, can be a place of cavitation amplified by the subsequent ring of the second discharge device and the inverted stator (two-stage “unwinding” of the boundary layer). In the initial period, such a system works in the aquatic environment (stage of acceleration). The next stage of work takes place in a water-gas environment. When braking, work occurs in the aquatic environment. With increasing depth (static pressure), the cavitation component should decrease.

The system can be multi-stage, i.e. consist of a significant number of pairs. Each pair includes a discharge device and a stator. In this case, the stator can be either circular (reversed), or non-ring, and even deployed in a ruler. The latter is determined by the design of the object (carrier). A common design feature of such objects is a significant difference in cross-sectional area. This leads to a difference in diameters (radii) of the inverted stators from different pairs and an even greater difference in their energy characteristics.

An electromagnetic propulsion device consisting of several pairs of discharge devices and inverted stators must satisfy the following requirements.

1. Each pair should have a magnetic shunt - reflector hanging over the facing stator (OS) and discharge device (RU).

2. The angle of inclination of the reflective surface of the shunt of the previous pair should take into account the angle of divergence of the carrier body. In this case, the reflected flow of free charges and the attached mass should not be inhibited by a subsequent pair. To enhance the action of the total stop force, the characteristics (structural and energetic) of two adjacent pairs must be coordinated.

3. The gap between the shunt and the switchgear and the OS of the next pair should be greater than the gap of the previous pair.

4. The degree of overhang of the shunt over the switchgear of the next pair should be less than the overhang of the previous pair. This is due to an increase in the velocity of the boundary layer.

5. The number of pairs of OS poles of the next pair must be greater than the number of pairs of OS poles of the previous pair. The latter is determined by an increase in the diameter of the OS.

6. The frequency of the power supply voltage of the OS and RU of the next pair must be greater than the frequency of the power supply of the OS and RU of the previous pair. This is due to a decrease in the speed of movement of the magnetic field of the OS due to an increase in the number of pairs of poles.

7. The speed of rotation (movement) of the magnetic field of the OS of the next pair should be greater than the speed of rotation of the magnetic field of the OS of the previous pair.

8. The power of the power supply of the next pair should be greater than the power of the power source of the previous pair.

9. The power of the OS and switchgear of the next pair should be greater than the power of the OS and switchgear of the previous pair.

10. The total power consumption of the propulsion device is equal to the sum of the powers of all the RU and OS pairs plus the power of the auxiliary systems.

11. In order to compensate for the power asymmetry, the number of OS and RU pairs should be even.

12. The increase in stop force (traction) is carried out by sequentially turning on the number of pairs. The minimum thrust (thrust) is provided by the inclusion of one (first, least powerful) pair. The greatest emphasis (thrust) is provided by the inclusion (gradual) of all pairs of OS and RU.

13. The intermediate value of the stop force is provided by the inclusion of one or more pairs.

14. The patterns of change in the design and power of the switchgear in the event of synchronization of the OS and switchgear are similar to those listed.

15. The intervals between the pairs with increasing their power (serial number) should increase. The latter should provide an increase in the mass of the boundary layer.

15. The number of OS and RU pairs is determined by the required propulsion power, the range of speed changes and their discreteness.

The aim of the invention is to provide a simple, reliable propulsion device with high efficiency and capable of working in water, in air and in airless space. The goal is achieved by using the electromagnetic principle without the use of rotating (moving) mechanical components and parts.

The invention consists in the following. Using a special electric machine, a transformed (reversed or unfolded) stator, a rotating (moving) magnetic field is created that extends to its outer surface. A discharge device is placed in front of the stator, the electrodes of which are in contact with the boundary layer of the medium. Electric discharges penetrating the boundary layer saturate it with free charges. A magnetic shunt reflector hangs over the OS or PC and RU. Free charges, falling into a magnetic field, are pushed out by the Lorentz forces, are reflected from the shunt and create a stop force.

The operation of the OS and the switchgear must be synchronous (higher efficiency). The electric field of the switchgear must synchronously move with the magnetic field of the OS in space. The design of the switchgear must repeat the design of the OS, i.e. opposite the teeth of the OS, covering the interpolar distance, the electrodes of the discharge gap should be located. The system of electrodes connected to one phase of the supply should be placed in one plane, across the flow. In a different plane, electrodes of a different phase are placed. Between the planes there must be an insulating gap preventing stray discharge.

The movement of the aircraft and spa is possible with a variable speed and a variable horizon. The latter causes a change in the normal component of the total pressure on the surface of the apparatus (see Section 10) and the boundary layer. The friction force between the moving parts of the boundary layer (PS) changes. To compensate for the increase in the friction force between the parts of the attached PS mass (the Lorentz force does not act on this mass, see Section 13), it is necessary to increase the rotation speed of the magnetic field. With a decrease in the friction force, it is advisable to reduce it and thereby save energy. The ability to flexibly change the speed of rotation of the magnetic field (MP) depending on the parameters of the movement of the apparatus is a necessary condition for optimal operation. The above makes it necessary to use an asynchronous two-phase (two-winding) controlled stator as the OS and PC, despite its shortcomings.

We list the necessary actions to reduce the drag of an aircraft. flying at the same height at a constant speed.

1. The location in front of the surface area of the aircraft, creating the greatest resistance to the OS.

2. Location in front of the OS of the discharge device (RU).

3. Using the OS, the creation of a magnetic field rotating around the axis of symmetry (longitudinal axis) of the specified section.

4. The unwinding of the magnetic field to the required speed.

5. Strengthening the magnetic field to the required intensity.

5. Location in front of the OS of the discharge device.

7. The orientation of the switchgear relative to the axis of rotation of the magnetic field (the combination of their axes).

8. Installing the necessary clearance between the operating system and the switchgear.

9. Orientation of RU relative to OS (combination of teeth and electrodes).

10. Synchronization of the OS with the work of RU.

11. Setting the required discharge power (voltage).

12. Setting the required discharge duration (item may be absent).

13. If necessary, install a second set of OS and RU, while the magnetic and electric fields must rotate in the opposite direction (items 1-12 are repeated).

14. Installing the third set of OS and RU, while the magnetic and electric fields should rotate in the direction coinciding with the field of the first set (items 1-12 are repeated).

15. Installing the fourth set of OS and RU, while the magnetic and electric field should rotate in the direction coinciding with the field of the second set (items 1-12 are repeated).

The number of sets of OS and RU is determined by the longitudinal extent of the surface area of the aircraft, which creates the greatest resistance.

Let us consider in more detail the actions underlying the work of RU. In order to increase the efficiency, the operation of the switchgear and the OS should be synchronized, i.e. they must be powered from one AC voltage source. The principle of synchronization is based on the principle: there is no magnetic field, free electrons in PS are not needed. At the maximum magnetic field, there should be the largest number of free electrons in the PS. Between the magnetic field strength and the number of electrons there must be a directly proportional relationship.

In accordance with the action of the Lorentz force, the charges that enter and form in the PS, passing a magnetic field will spin in a spiral and rise (deviate) from the surface of the aircraft (SPA). In this case, electrons and positively charged ions rotate in opposite directions. As you exit the magnetic field (deviation from the surface), the radius of rotation of the charges increases (the magnetic field weakens). The axis of the spiral is directed towards the rotation of the magnetic field. Light electrons are more quickly carried away by the field and go to its periphery. Heavy ions (protons) lag behind electrons. However, after acceleration, they follow the field longer and their peripheral position is more distant from the axis of rotation (centrifugation of charges).

The list of actions that reduce the drag of a SPA running at the same depth at a constant speed is similar to that considered (the first method). The role of the attached mass in the considered motion of charges increases, since the intermolecular attractive forces increase.

The movement of the aircraft and spa with increasing speed is accompanied by an increase in the number of charges in the gap between the RU and the OS. The latter causes some inhibition of the PS apparatus. It can be reduced by increasing the rotation speed of the magnetic field. A crude analogy with the work of a bulldozer is appropriate here: its working body - the shield should be located at an acute angle to the line of movement. An increase in the circumferential component in a magnetic field will make it possible to increase the number of charges placed in front of the front of a rotating magnetic field and to involve them in rotational motion.

Changing the speed of rotation of the magnetic field of an asynchronous stator is possible by changing the frequency of the supply voltage (see f.5). However, such a change is possible in a narrow frequency range (distributed parameters of the electromagnetic system that reduce power interfere). It is possible to change the rotation speed by changing the number of pairs of poles (see f.5). You can have several fixed speeds or an extended speed range using a multi-winding system and a variable power frequency. This design makes it necessary to use a complex winding switch and a complex power source. In this case, the optimal operating mode of the OS will be at the same speed or in a narrow range of speeds.

The use of a dual-winding controlled OS is accompanied by a sharp drop in efficiency (useful power) and a significant increase in the degree of ellipticity of the magnetic field. However, a smooth change in speed over a wide range is possible here. At the same time, schemes for incorporating the OS into automatic control systems have been worked out. Given the above, the principle of double-winding control can be used as a second independent way to reduce drag.

The method consists of the following steps. Items 1-15 are similar to the first method.

16. In the amplitude control mode, the excitation winding of the OS is connected to a single-phase power supply network of increased voltage and frequency. The control winding is connected to the output of the voltage level regulator, to the input of which the specified mains voltage is shifted by 90 degrees (time shift).

17. The voltage level (rotation speed of the magnetic field) is adjusted using the signal from the full pressure sensor (see f.10 and 11). Moreover, the higher the sensor signal, the greater the voltage on the control winding (higher field speed). As a regulator, it is possible to use a four-terminal with adjustable internal resistance.

18. In the phase control mode, the excitation winding of the OS is connected to a single-phase network of increased voltage and frequency. The control winding is connected to the output of the phase-shifting device having an adjustable phase shift. A voltage constant in amplitude is applied to the control winding, the reduced value of which is equal to the excitation voltage.

19. The phase shift (rotation speed of the magnetic field) is adjusted using the signal from the full pressure sensor. Moreover, having a phase shift of 90 degrees, we obtain a circular field and the highest speed.

20. In the amplitude-phase control mode, the field winding is connected through a phase-shifting capacitance to a single-phase network with increased voltage and frequency. The control winding is connected to the output of the voltage level regulator, powered from the specified network (2, p.128-130).

Note. In all modes, the switchgear is powered similarly to the OS. The system of electrodes serving the space OB lies in one plane and is written similarly to the OB. The system of electrodes serving the OA space lies in another plane parallel to the first one and is powered similarly to the OA. The planes are perpendicular to the axis of movement of the apparatus. The discharge current is limited by ballast resistances.

The invention corresponding to the claims is as follows.

1. The method for creating a variable traction force or emphasis consists of actions. Using a multiphase electromagnetic system having equal phase voltages, an equal and constant phase shift between them creates a moving magnetic field. In this case, the trajectory of movement can be in the form of a closed curve, an open curve, and also a limited straight line. Differences from the common asynchronous method are as follows. The magnetic field is brought to the outer surface of the stator. At the same time, the yoke and the tooth zone are interchanged, turning the tops of the teeth outward. The groove can be made narrow and deep and the tooth narrow and high. They can bring the number of pole pairs to the maximum possible, reducing the interpolar distance to a minimum. With a closed path, the axis of movement of the magnetic field is combined with the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the carrier object. Combine the tops of the stator teeth with the outer surface of the object. The magnetic field is accelerated to the required speed in accordance with the magnitude of the normal component of the optical pressure of the medium on the housing. Create the necessary magnetic tension in the boundary layer of the medium in the specified correspondence. A discharge device (RU) is placed in front of the stator so that the tops of its electrodes are in contact with the boundary layer, and the electric discharge occurs in the transverse direction. The switchgear is oriented relative to the stator so that there is a necessary gap between them, and the electrodes are located opposite the teeth covering the interpolar distance or part thereof.

A voltage is applied to the RU electrodes, the magnitude and power of which is determined by the electrical conductivity of the medium. If necessary, limit the current through the electrodes and one half-cycle, synchronize the operation of the switchgear and the stator. An electric discharge is produced in the boundary layer of the medium, saturating the layer with free charges. The moving magnetic field moves the charges away from the surface of the stator and switchgear, dragging the attached mass of the layer and obtaining the initial thrust force.

After the first pair of stator and switchgear, a second pair is installed, observing the above conditions. Increase the gap between the switchgear and the stator, their power and the frequency of the supply voltage. Connect the second pair to a power source. Produce an electrical discharge in boundary words. Saturate the layer with free charges. The moving magnetic field pushes the charges away from the surface of the stator and switchgear, dragging along the attached mass of the layer and obtaining additional traction. Traction forces are added from the first and second pairs.

Connection to the power supply of the second pair can be made both simultaneously with the first pair, and after the first. In this case, a second (serial) connection is preferable. The power supply is made multiphase, high voltage, with increased frequency.

The magnetic fields of two stators are untwisted in one direction, which allows one to have friction of the boundary layer of the medium on the body of the carrier object, similar to rolling friction. The latter is less slip friction. With a change in the direction of the magnetic field in the second stator, the degree of turbulence of the boundary layer increases sharply, causing an increase in friction resistance.

When changing the normal component of the static pressure of the medium on the body of the carrier object, the magnitude of the phase voltage of the facing stator of each pair is changed. This change can be continuous or discrete, manual or automatic. With an increase in the normal component of static pressure, the depth of negative feedback in power amplifiers supplying the phase windings of the inverted stators can be reduced.

When the electrical conductivity of the medium changes, the magnitude of the voltage across the electrodes of the switchgear changes. With an increase in the electrical conductivity of the medium, the voltage at the electrodes is reduced. With a decrease in conductivity increase the voltage. The voltage is changed, affecting the transmission coefficient of the corresponding power amplifier supplying the switchgear. Other features are similar to those considered.

The normal component of the static pressure of the medium is measured and its value is stored. The operator has at his disposal two propulsion characteristics obtained as a result of bench tests. The first is the dependence of the traction force on the phase voltage of the stator. The second is the dependence of the phase voltage on the magnitude of the normal pressure component (thrust is constant). Given the required thrust value and the measured value of the normal component, the required phase voltage value is found from the characteristics, provided at a certain value of the transmission coefficient of the power amplifier with a variable depth negative feedback.

The electrical conductivity of the medium is measured and its value is stored. At the disposal of the operator there are two characteristics of the propulsion device obtained during bench tests. The first is the dependence of the traction force on the magnitude of the voltage across the electrodes of the switchgear. The second is the dependence of the voltage at the electrodes on the electrical conductivity of the medium. More precisely, there is a family of dependencies. Each dependence corresponds to a constant traction force. A similar family should be when measuring the dependence of the phase supply voltage on the normal component. Given the required value of the traction and the measured value of the electrical conductivity of the medium, the characteristics find the necessary value of the voltage at the electrodes of the switchgear. Affect the depth of the negative feedback of the power amplifier by changing its transmission coefficient (one of the possible examples).

Depending on the shape of the body of the carrier object, an annular, arched or inverted in-line shape of the facing stator is used. In accordance with this, the form of the switchgear must repeat the shape of the inverted stator (OS). If necessary, from the above forms can be composed of complex power systems of OS and RU pairs.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that several OS and RU pairs are installed on the carrier object, forming a sequential power system for passing, accelerating and moving the boundary layer of the medium from the body of the object. The total traction force is formed by summing the traction forces of individual pairs of OS and RU. With an increase in the serial number of the pair, i.e. with an increase in its distance from the edge of the object’s body, the power of the pairs, the frequency of their power supply, as well as the gaps, installation and overall dimensions, are increased. In order to smoothly increase the power of the system, it is possible to connect the pairs to the power source in sequence in time, starting with a less powerful pair. At the same time, it is possible to connect pairs to a power source in any sequence depending on operational requirements.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, starting from the second pair of OS and RU, increase the number of pairs of poles and electrodes, increase the frequency of the supply voltage. Moreover, the latter is carried out to a greater extent than increasing the pairs of poles. As a result, the speed of moving the magnetic field increases with increasing serial number of the pair. The increase in pairs of poles and electrodes is due to the presence of an angle of increase in the completeness of the body of the carrier object, as well as the need to have a minimum interpolar distance. Increase the gaps, installation and overall dimensions in each pair in accordance with an increase in the power of the pair and its serial number.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a pair of magnetic shunt reflectors of the required size and shape are mounted with a gap above the tooth zone of the OS and partially above the switchgear. In this case, the flow of free charges and the attached mass of the boundary layer of the medium is directed to the surface of the shunt facing the tooth zone of the OS. This (reflective) surface is oriented so that the specified flow, striking the surface, creates a stop force and is directed parallel to the outer surface of the switchgear in the gap between the OS and the shunt of the next pair. The reflected stream of the last pair is directed at an acute angle from the surface of the carrier object. They give the shunt reflector a streamlined shape.

Note that the angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence of the specified stream. The latter is determined by the intensity and shape of the magnetic field above the stator tooth zone. These parameters are controlled by changing the gap between the stator and the shunt, as well as changing the width of the shunt and its orientation relative to the stator. The indicated is carried out empirically.

By direct thrust, we mean the motion of the boundary layer of the medium from the RU to the OS, in which a density deficient region (low pressure region) forms above the OS surface. This area may include the environment not only from the RU, but also from the opposite side. We have a space in which the pressure gradient changes sign. Denote the pressure gradient directed from the RU to the OS as? P, _etc., and the pressure gradient directed from the medium to the OS as .DELTA.P _about.

The condition is the presence of forward thrust inequality:? P _etc.> .DELTA.P _about. Reverse thrust condition is the presence of inequalities:? _{P, etc.} <.DELTA.P _about. A necessary condition for the appearance of a pressure gradient is the ingress of free charges into a magnetic field. This is possible in case of mutual penetration of the magnetic field of the OS and the electric field of the switchgear. The above is achieved by extending the magnetic shunt over the switchgear and selecting the gap between the switchgear and the OS. The occurrence of direct traction is possible in the case of a sufficient speed of movement (rotation) of the magnetic field. Free charges trapped in a magnetic field are pushed out by the Lorentz force. The direction of the latter depends on the velocity vector of the charge entering the magnetic field (see Section 13). The higher the speed of the magnetic field, the greater the number of charges and the attached mass of the boundary layer is carried away (untwisted) by him. Under the influence of centrifugal force, the charges and mass go to the periphery, hit the inner surface of the shunt-reflector, are reflected from it and create a direct traction.

With a symmetrical arrangement of two switchgears relative to a moving magnetic field, a large field loading with free charges is possible. However, it will not lead to an increase in traction or emphasis, since there will be mutual compensation of movement (especially the attached mass). An analysis of this can be carried out considering only the motion of protons, since their mass is approximately 2000 times greater than the mass of electrons. Given the above, significant asymmetry should be created in the location of the switchgear relative to the OS. The gap between the OS of the previous pair and the OS of the next pair should significantly exceed the gap between the OS and the OS of the previous pair.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in two adjacent pairs of RU and OS, the magnetic fields are moved in opposite directions. During synchronous operation of the switchgear and the OS, the electric field of the switchgear is also moved. This is due to the need to compensate for the power asymmetry, especially when using the expanded design of the OS and RU.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the leading front of the moving magnetic field the tension vector is directed from the surface of the OS, causing free charges to rotate in a spiral from the surface of the OS and RU to the shunt reflector.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the leading edge of the moving magnetic field is shaped like a horseshoe, facing concavity in the direction of movement of the field. The specified is carried out by giving the teeth of the OS a horseshoe-shaped. In this case, the concavity of the teeth gives the grooves a bulge in the direction opposite to the direction of movement of the magnetic field, and the horseshoe-shaped teeth can be asymmetric.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the peripheral part of the moving magnetic field is bifurcated, giving it a horseshoe-shaped form with concavity to the shunt reflector. The specified is carried out by dividing the shunt into two parts, elongated in the direction of movement of the field. The width of the parts of the shunt may be unequal, and by changing the width of the gap between them, it is possible to adjust the focus of the flow of free charges in the plane of the shunt-reflector. The base of the reflector may be non-ferromagnetic.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in order to change the magnitude of the traction or the stop, the magnitude of the voltage of the phase windings of the OS is changed. In this case, the magnitude of the intensity of the moving magnetic poly is changed and thereby the magnitude of the Lorentz force acting on the free charges is changed. A change in voltage is possible due to a change in the transmission coefficient of the power amplifier (depth of negative feedback), which feeds the phase winding of the OS. In this case, the impact can be manual (from the operator), discrete or smooth. A sign (command) for the impact may be the readings of the speed meter of the object. The impact can be automatic, from autopilot.

Another source of the signal for influencing the depth of negative feedback in the power amplifier is the meter reading of the normal component of the static pressure of the medium on the body of the object. Actions in this case are similar to those considered. We list them, given that it is better to change the traction or the speed of moving the object by switching the pairs of OS and RU, since in this case the torque of the couple depends on its diameter to the fifth degree (analogy with a propeller).

Measure the value of the normal component of the static pressure of the medium on the housing and remember it. The magnitude of the phase voltage is measured and multiplied by a scale factor Km (Km <1, and its value is determined from the indicated dependence of the phase voltage on the normal pressure component at constant and nominal traction force). Compare the two values obtained with each other, getting the difference taking into account the sign. In case of exceeding the difference of the permissible error, for example, they act on the depth of the negative feedback of the power amplifier recording the phase winding of the OS. The difference sign determines the direction of feedback control. With small vertical dimensions of the carrier object, it is possible to confine oneself to one meter of the normal component of the static pressure of the medium to organize the correction of all phase voltages for all operating systems. Manual adjustment can be used as a reserve one, since the presence of six propulsion devices on the carrier object (in terms of the number of degrees of freedom) makes it difficult.

The number of feedbacks for regulation can be calculated by the formula N = 6 · n · m,

where: n is the number of OS and RU pairs in one mover, m is the number of phases in one OS.

For n = 4 and m = 3, N = 72. Managing such a number of power amplifiers is not possible. Therefore, the adjustment of negative feedback in each power amplifier must be done by an automatic system.

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in order to maintain traction or emphasis at the required level with varying electrical conductivity of the medium, the magnitude of the supply voltage of the RU electrode systems is changed, ensuring the amplitude of the discharge current passing through the electrodes remains unchanged. The following actions are possible here.

The electrical conductivity of the medium is measured and its value is stored. Measure the magnitude of the voltage supplied to the RU electrode system. Multiply it by a scale factor, Km (Km <1 and its value is determined from the indicated dependence of the voltage on the electrodes on the value of the electrical conductivity of the medium at constant and nominal traction force). The indicated values are compared, getting the difference taking into account the sign. In case of exceeding the difference of the permissible error, they act, for example, on the depth of the negative feedback of the power amplifier supplying the RU system of electrodes. The difference sign determines the direction of feedback control (decrease or increase the depth of communication). The rest is an analogy with paragraph 9. The regulatory process can be either astatic or static. After the difference is obtained, auxiliary actions follow: amplification, transformation, scaling and activation of the executive body. These actions are an attribute of automatic regulation and are not mentioned in paragraph 9 for brevity.

11. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in order to change the traction or the stop, the magnitude of the supply voltage of the stator phase windings, or the magnitude of the supply voltage of the electrode systems of the discharge devices, or both. At the same time, their magnitudes and the magnitude of the traction or velocity of the object are measured, their values are compared, a discrepancy is detected, and the transmission coefficients for the voltage of the links that create the indicated voltages are affected, for example, the negative feedback depth of the phase-voltage amplifiers of the source.

12. A device for creating a variable traction force or stop, including stators of asynchronous multiphase motors, characterized in that there is no housing in each stator, the yoke is located inside, and the tooth zone is outside, the teeth can be narrow and high, the grooves are narrow and deep, there can be a minimum interpolar distance, the tips of the teeth are facing outward, the windings are laid outside, the outer surface of the stator is covered with a protective layer with the following properties: non-magnetic, hermetic, heat-resistant and thin. The number of pole pairs can be maximized. The stators are mounted in the housing of the carrier object so that the tips of the teeth are in contact with the boundary layer of the medium of movement of the object, the axis of rotation of the magnetic field is aligned with the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the object. With an increase in the distance of the stator from the front point of the object, the number of pole pairs, sizes (diameter), power, frequency of the supply voltage increases. Each phase stator winding is connected to the output of its power amplifier, the input of which is connected through the object’s speed switch to the output of the phase-shifting device (FSU), which provides the necessary voltage shift in time. With a 3-phase stator system, the shift is 120 degrees. The input of the FSO is connected to the output of the generator, which sets the frequency of the supply voltage of the stator phase winding. In this case, there is one generator for all phase stator windings. The number of FSU and UM is determined by the number of phases.

A discharge device, switchgear, is installed in the casing of the object in front of the stator, consisting of ring systems of electrodes located across the incoming flow of the medium and peaks emerging to it. Between OS and RU, as well as between electrode systems, there are necessary gaps to prevent discharges of an undesirable direction. The electrodes connected to one phase are located opposite the stator teeth included in the magnetic system of this phase. These electrodes can be extended in the direction of magnetic field motion so that free charges have time to fall under its leading edge. In series with the electrodes, resistances that limit the strength of the discharge current and diodes can be switched on. The electrodes between which the discharge occurs are connected to the same phase of the power supply and the zero line and can cover part or all of the interpolar distance.

The axis of the electrode systems in the case of their ring design is aligned with the axis of the OS. As the electrode system moves away from the OS, the strength of its discharge current should increase. Instead of electrode systems whose operation is synchronized with the movement of the magnetic field of the OS, a simplified single-row system can be used without strict synchronization and with the presence of one phase of the power supply.

Each electrode system is connected to the output of a power amplifier, a PA, having an adjustable voltage transfer coefficient. The input of the PA through the switch of the speed of the object is connected to the output of the corresponding FSU. The input of the FSU is connected to the output of the generator, which sets the frequency of the phase voltage. One generator provides power to both the OS and the RU. Each FSD provides a phase shift in voltage for one phase winding of the OS and for one system of electrodes of the switchgear. In accordance with the increase in OS power, both the power of the switchgear and the frequency of their common generator increase.

After the first pair of OS and RU with a gap, a second pair of OS and RU is installed. Their axes are aligned, clearances, power sizes and frequency of the supply voltage are increased. They have similar devices and communications. The specified increase is due to the increase in the size of the object's body when moving away from its front point. The electrodes of the switchgear can have a ceramic environment, and their location in the interpolar distance is specified in the tuning process.

13. The device according to p. 12, characterized in that it consists of several pairs of discharge devices and inverted stators, while increasing the serial number of the pair, the gaps, installation and overall dimensions, power and frequency of the supply voltage increase between power amplifiers confusing the inverted stators and discharge devices and phase shifting devices include a switching device that allows you to include pairs in series or simultaneously, all pairs have one axis of rotation of the magnetic and electric who fields.

14. The device according to p. 12, characterized in that, starting from the second pair of the discharge device and the reversed stator, with an increase in the serial number of the pair, the number of pairs of stator poles and pairs of electrodes of the discharge device increases, their installation and overall dimensions, gaps, power and the frequency of the supply voltage, the latter being produced to a greater extent than the increase in the number of pairs of poles and electrodes, the degree of increase is determined by the angle of divergence of the terminal part of the carrier object.

15. The device according to p. 12, characterized in that each pair may contain a magnetic shunt reflector located with a gap above the tops of the stator teeth and partially above the tops of the electrodes of the discharge device, the shunt reflector has a streamlined shape relative to the incoming medium flow, covers the outer surface stator and discharge device, the size of the gap increases, and the degree of extension above the discharge device decreases with increasing serial number of the pair, the surface of the shunt reflector facing the stator and in-line device, beveled so that the flow of free charges and attached mass reflected from it creates a stop force and is directed parallel to the outer surface of the discharge device in the gap between the stator and the shunt-reflector of the next pair, while the reflected flow from the last pair is directed at an acute angle to the surface of the carrier object, the stators can have a reduced number of pole pairs and an increased width of teeth and grooves, as well as diodes connected in series in the power supply circuit of the electrodes to realize full-wave rectification, transmission of the first half-wave of phase voltage.

16. The device according to p. 12, characterized in that in two adjacent pairs the phase windings of the inverted stators are connected to a power source so that their magnetic fields move in opposite directions, while synchronizing the operation of the stator and discharge devices, electrode systems are similarly connected.

17. The device according to p. 12, characterized in that the phase windings of the inverted stator, their coils are wound so that in the leading front of the moving magnetic field the intensity vector is directed from the stator surface to its periphery, causing free charges to move in the same direction.

18. The device according to p. 12, characterized in that the stator has teeth having a cross-sectional shape similar to a horseshoe, facing concavity in the direction of movement of the magnetic field, while the shape may have an asymmetry relative to the direction of movement of the field.

19. The device according to p. 12, characterized in that the shunt reflector consists of two parts, elongated in the direction of movement of the magnetic field and separated by a non-magnetic gap, while the parts of the magnetic shunt have a common base.

20. The device according to p. 12, characterized in that each power amplifier that feeds the phase winding of the reversed stator has adjustable negative feedback, while the regulator is located in the power amplifier, and its control circuit is connected as with a manual traction control-switch, and with the executive element of the automatic traction stabilization system when changing the normal component of the static pressure of the medium on the surface of the object, for example, with a DC motor connected to the output of the force To eliminate errors, the input of which is connected to a comparison circuit having two inputs, while one input is connected to the output of the meter of the normal component of the static pressure of the medium, and the other to the output of the scaling device, the input of which is connected to the output of the rectifier connected to the output of the phase voltage power amplifier , the meter of the normal component of the static pressure of the medium consists of a sensor located in a niche on the surface of the object and included in the shoulder of the measuring bridge, one diagonal of the bridge is fed voltage from the generator, the signal to the amplifier is taken from the other diagonal, the bridge has balancing elements, the amplifier output is connected to the rectifier, the output of which is the signal to the pointer and to the input of the comparison circuit.

21. The device according to p. 12, characterized in that each power amplifier that feeds the system of electrodes of the discharge device has adjustable negative feedback, while the regulator is located in the power amplifier, and its control circuit is connected as with a manual regulator - traction switch, and with the executive element of the automatic traction stabilization system when changing the electrical conductivity of the medium, for example with a DC motor, the output shaft of which moves the potentiometer engine, the motor winding For the error amplifier, the amplifier input is connected to the output of the comparison circuit, the signal from the output of the medium conductivity meter is supplied to one input of the comparison circuit, the signal from the output of the power supply amplifier of the electrode system is fed to the other input of the comparison circuit, the conductivity meter consists of a sensor mounted in a niche on the object’s body and the measuring bridge included in the arm, voltage from the generator is applied to one diagonal of the bridge, a signal is input from the other diagonal to the amplifier input, the bridge It has balancing elements, the amplifier output is connected to the input of the rectifier, the output of which is a signal to the pointer and the input of the comparison circuit, between the output of the power amplifier and the input of the comparison circuit, a rectifier and a scaling device are connected in series.

22. The device according to p. 12, characterized in that each power amplifier included in the power supply and designed to create different voltages of the stator windings and supply voltages of the electrode systems of the discharge device has negative feedback, the depth of which is controlled by the operator using a switch connected with the control circuit of the actuator, for example, a relay whose contacts shunt the feedback sections, or a DC motor, the shaft of which is connected to the potentiometer engine, while It uses evidence of regular speed measuring movement of an object or traction.

On figa simplified diagram of the RU for a circular OS using the amplitude control mode. The OS has 4 pairs of poles and 2 grooves per pole and phase. The OS is maximally simplified, which contributes to an understanding of the operating principle of RU. The contacts are designated: 1, 2, and 0. The phase-shifting device, the FSD, (3) consists of a capacitor connected in series to the power supply circuit of the regulator 24. The last one can be a power amplifier, the input of which is supplied with voltage from the FSU, and the output is removed for RU. The transfer coefficient of the amplifier can be changed by changing the offset value at its input or the depth of feedback. The latter is carried out by the output signal from the meter of the normal component of the static pressure of the medium. 8-15 - diodes, 16-23 - resistance.

On figb simplified diagram of the RU for a PC operating in a similar mode. Comparing the schemes, we can conclude that PC RU has a smaller surface area covered by discharges. There is unevenness in the processing of the boundary layer by discharges and in the load of electrodes. When implementing control modes for OS, PC, and RU, thyristors and their control circuits should be used (7, p. 155-158).

On figa presents a simplified design of a circular device for creating a stop force. In this case, it is accepted: the divergence angle of the bow of the object is zero and one set of OS, 1, RU, 2, SHO, 3 is used.

On figb presents a simplified design deployed in a line of devices for creating a stop force. Moreover, it is accepted that one set of RS, 4, RU, 5 and SHO 6 is used.

Ha figure 3 presents a simplified functional diagram of the propulsion device for manual switching of the thrust and its stabilization, where: 2 and 6 - OS, 3 and 7 - RU, 1, 4, 5, 8, 9-16 - UM, 18 - reverse depth switch communication in the UM OS depending on the normal component of the static pressure of the medium, 17, 19 — feedback depth switch in the UM RU depending on the electrical conductivity of the medium, 20; 21 - switch of the number of OS and RU pairs in the propulsion device, 22-27 - FSU, 28 - traction meter, 29 and 30 - generators.

Figure 4 presents a simplified diagram of the placement of 6 propulsors on the object carrier. Each mover has 4 pairs of OS and RU. One pair is conditionally indicated by a circle. The body of the object is conventionally depicted by a circle (for simplicity). The practical implementation of the body of the object should be in the form of a similar ellipse (cross-section), while its major axis should be horizontal. This system of propulsors provides the movement of an object in space not only in three mutually perpendicular directions, but also in all intermediate directions, depending on the degree of participation.

Literature

1. Ermolin N.P. Electric machines of low power. - M.: Higher School, 1967.

2. Khrushchev V.V. Electric AC micromachines for automation devices. - L .: Energy, 1969.

3. Kovarsky EM, Yanko Yu.I. Tests of electrical machines - M .: Energoatomizdat, 1990.

4. Neumann L.R., Kalantarov P.L. Theoretical foundations of electrical engineering. - M.L .: Gosenergoizdat, 1969.

5. Yavorsky B.M., Detlaf A.A. Handbook of Physics. - M.: State Publishing House, Physics and Mathematics, 1963.

6. Karyakin N.I. and others. A brief guide to physics. - M.: Higher School, 1963.

7. Kazmerkovsky M., Vuytsak A. Control and measurement schemes in industrial electronics. - M .: Energoatomizdat, 1983.

Claims (22)

1. A method for creating a variable thrust or emphasis, including obtaining a moving magnetic field using a multiphase electromagnetic system having equal phase voltages, an equal and constant phase shift between them, characterized in that the magnetic field is brought to the outer surface of an annular, arched or the expanded stator located on the end of the carrier object excludes the stator housing, interchange the yoke and the tooth zone, the tips of the teeth are facing out, the teeth are made narrow and high, and the grooves in short and deep, reduce the pole distance to a minimum, increase the number of pole pairs to a maximum, lay the windings outside, cover the outer surface of the stator with a protective layer, combine the axis of rotation of the magnetic field with the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the carrier object, place the discharge device in front of the stator (OS) (RU) so that the tops of its electrodes extend onto the external surface of the object and there is a gap between the OS and the RU, they collect the RUs from ring, arcuate or deployed electrode systems, have an electric so that the discharge between them occurs in front of the leading edge of the moving magnetic field, makes the number of RU electrode systems equal to the number of OS phases, leave gaps between them, in some cases use a single row electrode system for RU, combine the axis of rotation of the OS magnetic field and the electric field of RU , synchronize their movement, after the first pair of operating systems and switchgear, install the second pair, observing the above conditions, simultaneously or sequentially in time connect the pairs to the power source with increased voltage and frequency, create magnetic tension over the tooth zone of the OS, the magnitude of which depends on the normal component of the static pressure of the medium on the object’s body, and the direction in the leading front of the magnetic field from the surface of the OS to the outside, creates electric tension between the electrodes of the RU, the magnitude of which depends on the conductivity medium, accelerate the magnetic field to the required speed, produce an electric discharge in the boundary layer of the medium, saturate the layer with free charges, move the magnetic field away they and their attached mass of the layer from the stator surface are ignited and create traction or stop force. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that several pairs of discharge devices and stators are installed on the carrier object, they are connected to the power source sequentially in time or simultaneously, with an increase in their serial number, the gap between them increases, their power and voltage frequency nutrition. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that starting from the second pair of the discharge device and the stator, increase the number of pole pairs and the number of pairs of electrodes, increase the frequency of the supply voltage to a greater extent than increasing the number of pole pairs and increase the overall and installation dimensions each pair in accordance with an increase in their power and the presence of a divergence angle of the terminal part of the carrier object. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a magnetic shunt-reflector of the required size and shape is installed with a gap above the stator tooth zone and partially above the discharge device so that the flow of free charges and the attached mass, striking into it, creates a stop force and was directed parallel to the outer surface of the discharge device into the gap between the stator and the shunt-reflector of the next pair, while the flow of free charges and the attached mass reflected from the shunt of the last pair is directed from the surface of the object, but Ithel at an acute angle, with increasing atomic number pair can reduce the degree of extension of the deflector shunt-discharge device, wherein the number of pairs of poles is reduced OS increase anode-cathode distance, the width of the teeth and grooves OS. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in two adjacent pairs of discharge devices and stators, the magnetic fields are moved in opposite directions, while synchronizing the operation of the stator and the discharge device, the electric fields are similarly moved. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the leading front of the moving magnetic field the intensity vector is directed from the stator surface, causing free electric charges to rotate along a spiral path from the stator surface to the reflecting surface of the magnetic shunt, while the second half-wave of the electric field is not passed to the electrodes of the discharge device. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the leading edge of the moving magnetic field is shaped like a horseshoe in section along a tangent to the path of movement, this shape is turned concave to the side of movement and can give it asymmetry. 8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the peripheral part of the moving magnetic field is bifurcated and gives it a horseshoe shape in cross section to the direction of movement of the field. 9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnitude of the voltage of the phase windings of the reversed stator is changed, changing the magnitude of the magnetic field and the magnitude of the Lorentz force acting on the free charges of the boundary layer of the medium, while measuring the normal component of the static pressure of the medium on the body of the object and the magnitude of the phase voltage on the stator winding, compare their values, identify the mismatch with the required value of the phase voltage at the nominal value of the stop, affect the transfer to coefficient of the voltage level that produces phase voltage, e.g., on the depth of the negative feedback power supply of the power amplifier using an experimental dependence of the phase voltage of the stator winding on the magnitude of the normal component of the static pressure at rated thrust or abutment. 10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnitude of the voltage of the power supply of the electrodes of the discharge device is changed, changing the strength of the discharge current and the number of free charges in the boundary layer of the medium, while the magnitude of the electrical conductivity of the medium and the voltage supplied to the electrode system of the discharge device are measured , compare their values, identify inconsistencies with the required value of the supply voltage of the electrode system at a nominal value of the stop or traction, affect the gear ratio conjugate link, creating the voltage, e.g., to a depth of a negative feedback power supply of the power amplifier used experimental dependence of the voltage electrodes from the system power value of conductivity of the medium at a nominal thrust or abutment. 11. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnitude of the supply voltage of the phase windings of the stator or the magnitude of the supply voltage of the electrode systems of the discharge device, or both, is changed to change the traction force or stop, while their magnitude and the velocity of the carrier , compare their values with the necessary ones, reveal a discrepancy, affect the transfer coefficients, according to the voltage of the links creating these voltages, for example, the depth of the negative feedback of phase voltage power amplifiers If the power supply is used, if it is necessary to increase traction or stops, reduce the depth of feedback and increase the phase voltages. 12. A device for creating a variable traction force or stop, including stators of asynchronous multiphase motors, characterized in that there is no housing in each stator, the yoke is located inside, and the tooth zone on the outside of the stator, the teeth are made narrow and high and the grooves are narrow and deep, interpolar distance is minimized, the number of pairs of poles is brought to the maximum possible, the tips of the teeth are facing outward, the windings are laid in grooves from the outside, the outer surface of the stator is covered with a protective layer, the stators are mounted in a housing the carrier object so that the peaks of the teeth are in contact with the boundary layer of the medium of movement of the object, the axis of movement or rotation of the magnetic field is aligned with the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the object, with an increase in the distance of the stator from the front point of the object, its power, the number of pole pairs, the frequency of the supply voltage, installation and overall dimensions, each phase stator winding is connected to the output of the power amplifier, the input of which is connected through the speed switch to the output of the phase shifting device, the course of the latter is connected to the output of the generator that sets the frequency of the phase voltage, while with increasing stator power, the frequency of its supply voltage increases, a discharge device is mounted in front of each stator, consisting of ring systems of electrodes located across the incoming medium flow and the vertices exiting towards it , there is a gap between the stator and the discharge device, as well as between the electrode systems, the electrodes connected to one phase of the power supply are located opposite the teeth, entering In the magnetic system of this phase, additional resistances can be connected in series with the electrodes, the electrodes between which the discharge occurs, connected to the same phase of the power supply and the zero line, and can also cover part or all of the interpolar distance, the axis of the electrode systems is aligned with the stator axis, as away from the stator, the discharge current increases, instead of electrode systems a simplified single-row system can be used, powered from one phase, each electrode system is connected to the output of the power amplifier having an adjustable voltage transfer coefficient, the input of the power amplifier through the speed switch is connected to the output of the corresponding phase-shifting device, the input of the latter is connected to the output of the generator that sets the frequency of the phase voltage, while with increasing stator power the power of its discharge device, the power of the power amplifier and the frequency of the generator, after the first pair of the discharge device and the facing stator with a gap and coaxially installed the second pair of the discharge device va and facing stator having similar devices and communication with the gaps between them are increased, their thickness, positioning and dimensions, the frequency of the power supply voltage. 13. The device according to p. 12, characterized in that it consists of several pairs of discharge devices and inverted stators, while increasing the serial number of the pair, the gaps, installation and overall dimensions, power and frequency of the supply voltage increase between power amplifiers supplying the inverted stators and discharge devices and phase shifting devices include a switching device that allows you to include pairs in series or simultaneously, all pairs have one axis of rotation of the magnetic and electric who fields. 14. The device according to p. 12, characterized in that starting from the second pair of the discharge device and the reversed stator, with an increase in the serial number of the pair, the number of pairs of stator poles and pairs of electrodes of the discharge device increases, their installation and overall dimensions, gaps, power and frequency increase supply voltage, while the latter is produced to a greater extent than increasing the number of pairs of poles and electrodes, the degree of increase is determined by the angle of divergence of the terminal part of the carrier object. 15. The device according to p. 12, characterized in that each pair may contain a magnetic shunt reflector located with a gap above the tops of the stator teeth and partially above the tops of the electrodes of the discharge device, the shunt reflector has a streamlined shape relative to the incoming medium flow, covers the outer surface stator and discharge device, the size of the gap increases, and the degree of extension above the discharge device decreases with increasing serial number of the pair, the surface of the shunt reflector facing the stator and in-line device, beveled so that the flow of free charges and attached mass reflected from it creates a stop force and is directed parallel to the outer surface of the discharge device in the gap between the stator and the shunt-reflector of the next pair, while the reflected flow from the last pair is directed at an acute angle to the surface of the carrier object, the stators can have a reduced number of pole pairs and an increased width of teeth and grooves, as well as diodes connected in series in the power supply circuit of the electrodes to realize full-wave rectification, transmission of the first half-wave of phase voltage. 16. The device according to p. 12, characterized in that in two adjacent pairs the phase windings of the inverted stators are connected to a power source so that their magnetic fields move in opposite directions, while synchronizing the operation of the stator and the discharge device, electrode systems are similarly connected. 17. The device according to p. 12, characterized in that the phase windings of the inverted stator, their coils are wound so that in the leading front of the moving magnetic field the intensity vector is directed from the stator surface to its periphery, causing free charges to move in the same direction. 18. The device according to p. 12, characterized in that the stator has teeth having a cross-sectional shape similar to a horseshoe, facing concavity in the direction of movement of the magnetic field, while the shape may have an asymmetry relative to the direction of movement of the field. 19. The device according to p. 12, characterized in that the shunt reflector consists of two parts, elongated in the direction of movement of the magnetic field and separated by a non-magnetic gap, while the parts of the magnetic shunt have a common base. 20. The device according to p. 12, characterized in that each power amplifier that feeds the phase winding of the reversed stator has adjustable negative feedback, while the regulator is located in the power amplifier, and its control circuit is connected as with a manual traction control-switch, and with the executive element of the automatic traction stabilization system when changing the normal component of the static pressure of the medium on the surface of the object, for example, with a DC motor connected to the output of the amplifier An error amplifier whose input is connected to a comparison circuit having two inputs, with one input connected to the output of the meter of the normal component of the static pressure of the medium, and the other to the output of the scaling device, the input of which is connected to the output of the rectifier connected to the output of the phase voltage power amplifier , the meter of the normal component of the static pressure of the medium consists of a sensor located in a niche on the surface of the object and included in the shoulder of the measuring bridge, one diagonal of the bridge is fed voltage from the generator, the signal to the amplifier is taken from the other diagonal, the bridge has balancing elements, the amplifier output is connected to the rectifier, the output of which is the signal to the pointer and to the input of the comparison circuit. 21. The device according to p. 12, characterized in that each power amplifier that feeds the system of electrodes of the discharge device has adjustable negative feedback, while the regulator is located in the power amplifier, and its control circuit is connected as with a manual regulator-switch traction, and with the executive element of the automatic traction stabilization system when changing the electrical conductivity of the medium, for example, with a DC motor, the output shaft of which moves the potentiometer engine, the motor winding I am connected to the output of the error amplifier, the input of the amplifier is connected to the output of the comparison circuit, a signal from the output of the medium conductivity meter is supplied to one input of the comparison circuit, a signal from the output of the power supply amplifier of the electrode system is supplied to the other input of the comparison circuit, the conductivity meter consists of a sensor mounted in a niche on the object’s body and the measuring bridge included in the arm, voltage from the generator is applied to one diagonal of the bridge, a signal is input from the other diagonal to the amplifier input, the bridge It has balancing elements, the amplifier output is connected to the input of the rectifier, the output of which is a signal to the pointer and the input of the comparison circuit, between the output of the power amplifier and the input of the comparison circuit, a rectifier and a scaling device are connected in series. 22. The device according to p. 12, characterized in that each power amplifier included in the power supply unit and designed to create phase voltages of the stator windings and supply voltages of the electrode systems of the discharge device has negative feedback, the depth of which is regulated by the operator using a switch connected with the control circuit of the actuator, for example, a relay whose contacts shunt the feedback sections, or a DC motor, the shaft of which is connected to the potentiometer engine, while It uses evidence of regular speed measuring movement of an object or traction.

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