RU2312130C1 - Ultrasonic mass-exchange apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food-processing industry.

SUBSTANCE: proposed mass-exchange apparatus includes cylindrical reservoir with spherical bottom, mixing unit located coaxially inside solid fixed cylinder in lower portion of apparatus, branch pipes for loading the product and maintenance of apparatus, filter element in form of perforated cylinder mounted on rod for performing the reciprocating motion along axis of fixed cylinder overlapping part of it in lower position and coaxially entering the solid cylinder in upper position; it is located in upper portion of apparatus; lower end part of filter element consists of alternating perforated and solid sections in form of shutters whose upper solid tabs are fixed and are mounted for periodic opening and closing of end surface of perforated section of filter element. Mounted additionally are hydrodynamic ultrasonic radiators located coaxially in upper portion of filter element for motion together with it on its external perforated side. Axial-flow pump is used as mixing unit.

EFFECT: increased degree of extraction of target products; intensification of extraction and filtering processes.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of food industry, in particular to mass transfer devices used in mini-factories in the production of fermentation products, vegetable oil, etc.

In terms of technical nature, the closest to the proposed one is a mass transfer apparatus (Patent 2211858 (Russian Federation), MKI C12C 13/02. Mass transfer apparatus / S.T. Antipov, V.M. Klepikov, S.V. Shakhov, A.G. Nebolsin - Declaration of September 10, 2003, No. 2002113973/13, published in B.I., 2003, No. 25) containing a cylindrical vessel with a spherical bottom, a mixing device in the form of a propeller, located coaxially inside a solid stationary cylinder in the lower part of the apparatus, nozzles for loading and maintenance, a filter element in the form of perforated cili NDR mounted on the rod with the possibility of reciprocating motion along the axis of the fixed cylinder with overlapping part of the latter in the lower position, while in the upper position coaxially entering the solid cylinder located in the upper part of the apparatus, and above the lower end part of the filter element made perforated , a device in the form of blinds is located, the solid petals of which are installed with the possibility of periodically closing and opening the end part of the perforated surface of the filter element.

However, the disadvantages of the known mass transfer apparatus are the low intensity of the extraction and filtering processes, which are associated with the fact that when they are carried out, the product is densified on the filter surfaces, leading to a sharp increase in hydraulic resistance and not passage of the extracting liquid through the product layer, which in turn necessitates changes in flow direction to destroy the dense layer of the product.

The technical task is to increase the degree of extraction of the target components and the intensification of the extraction and filtering processes.

The technical problem of the invention is achieved in that in an ultrasonic mass transfer apparatus containing a cylindrical vessel with a spherical bottom, a mixing device located coaxially inside a continuous stationary cylinder in the lower part of the apparatus, nozzles for loading and maintenance, a filter element in the form of a perforated cylinder mounted on a rod with the possibility of reciprocating motion along the axis of the fixed cylinder with overlapping part of the latter in the lower position and coaxially in one in a continuous cylinder in the upper position, located in the upper part of the apparatus, the lower end part of the filter element consisting of alternating perforated and continuous sections in the form of blinds, the upper continuous petals of which are movable and installed with the possibility of periodically closing and opening the end surface of the perforated section of the filter element, new is that in it additionally installed hydrodynamic ultrasonic emitters located coaxially in the upper th part of the filter element with the ability to move with it, as well as from its external perforated side, while an axial pump is used as a mixing device.

The technical result consists in increasing the degree of extraction of the target components and the intensification of the extraction and filtering processes.

Figure 1 presents a three-dimensional model of an ultrasonic mass transfer apparatus, figure 2 is a General view of an ultrasonic mass transfer apparatus, Figures 3-4 are enlarged fragments of the structure of an ultrasonic mass transfer apparatus, Figure 5 is a view of the end surface of the filter element at different positions of the petals blinds, in Fig. 6 is a general view of an axial pump, and in Fig. 7 is a general view of a hydrodynamic ultrasonic emitter.

An ultrasonic mass transfer apparatus (Figs. 1, 2), containing a cylindrical vessel 1 with a spherical bottom 2 and a jacket 3, is equipped with a mixing device 4, which is used as an axial pump (Fig. 6), attached to the bottom of a solid stationary cylinder 5. The apparatus has a filter element in the form of a perforated cylinder 6 mounted on the rod 7 with the possibility of reciprocating motion along the axis of the apparatus with overlapping part of the stationary cylinder 5 in the lower position, while in the upper position the input is coaxial casing into a continuous cylinder 8, located on the top of the apparatus on the rod 7. Moreover, the ends of the filter element are made in the form of blinds 9 connected to the rod 7, which can be rotated around its axis. The apparatus is equipped with nozzles for supplying the coolant 10 to the jacket 3, the process fluid 11 inside the vessel 1, the washing liquid 12 and the feedstock 13 into the perforated cylinder 6, as well as the nozzles for removing the spent raw material 14 from the perforated cylinder 6, the finished product 15 and the washing water 16 from a cylindrical vessel 1, the spent heat carrier 17 from the shirt 3.

To intensify the extraction processes in the upper part of the filter element are installed with the ability to move with it hydrodynamic ultrasonic emitters 18 (Fig.7).

Hydrodynamic ultrasonic emitters 18 are also mounted on the outer perforated side of the filter element to improve the filtration process.

The use of an axial pump in this design of a mass transfer apparatus in combination with hydrodynamic ultrasonic emitters installed on the outside of the filter element is due to the fact that due to the action of ultrasonic vibrations a dense product layer is not formed, therefore, the filtration process is not reduced while ensuring a high flow rate of the pump, allows you to not change the direction of movement of the process fluid in the opposite direction.

The design of the axial pump (Fig. 6) consists of the following main elements: a suction pipe 19, an axial guide 20, a housing 21, a sliding bearing 22, a pressure pipe 23, a shaft 24, a sleeve 26, vanes 27, gaskets 28, rings 29, bushings 30, fairing 32, cover fastening fairing 33, support 37 and mounting elements 34, 35, 36.

The use of ultrasonic emitters of hydrodynamic action (Fig.7) is caused by the fact that in them the mechanical energy is directly converted into the energy of elastic mechanical vibrations, and therefore there is no need to use radio engineering generators. In addition, hydrodynamic ultrasonic emitters provide good mixing of the irradiated substance, and during their operation all particles of the liquid pass the zone of maximum exposure to ultrasound.

Hydrodynamic ultrasonic emitters (Fig. 7) consist of the following main units: a resonant oscillating device 38, a seal 40, a coupling 41, a tightening nut 42, a guide sleeve 43, a nozzle 44, guide plates 45 and a device (not shown) for supplying liquid into the nozzle under pressure. In this case, the emitter is enclosed in a secondary resonator 39 in the form of an acoustic cup.

As a device (not shown) for supplying liquid to a nozzle of an ultrasonic emitter under pressure, one can use either liquid pumps or paired tanks filled with liquid with their subsequent emptying due to air pressure (or inert gas). The most commonly used liquid pumps. Good results are obtained when using, for example, centrifugal-vortex pumps 2.5-CV-0.8; gear ШДМ-100, pump EKN-10. It is possible to use other types of pumps that give a smooth, non-pulsating jet or have a device for smoothing pulsations. To obtain low frequencies (1-6 kHz), pumps are used that provide a fluid pressure of 5-10 atm.

The proposed apparatus works as follows.

Initial products are loaded into the perforated cylinder 6 (Figs. 1, 2) through the nozzle 13 (for example, crushed grain or malt to obtain wort, and oilseed peel to obtain vegetable oil) and the process fluid heated to the required temperature is supplied through the nozzle 11 serving as an extractant (for example, to obtain wort - water, and to obtain vegetable oil - hexane, gasoline, etc.). At the same time, the electric drive of the axial pump 4 is turned on, which provides the supply of the process fluid to the perforated cylinder 6, in which the starting product is located. Under the action of the flow, the initial product is distributed by a layer on the inner surface of the perforated cylinder 6. Due to the filtration of the process fluid through the product layer, the target components are extracted by extraction together with leaching from the starting product into the process fluid and its filtration through the perforated openings of the cylinder 6. The temperature of the process fluid at this is maintained at the level of permissible thermal lability of the product or technological regulation ment by supplying the coolant through pipe 10 to the jacket 3. In order to maintain high intensity extraction process starting product in the perforated cylinder 6 is subjected to an ultrasonic treatment address hydrodynamic emitters 18 mounted coaxially on the top of the perforated cylinder 6.

Hydrodynamic ultrasonic emitters 18 (Fig.7) work due to the fact that a gear pump (not shown) pumps out liquid from the upper part of the device and delivers it under a pressure of 10-15 atm to the nozzle of the emitter 18.

In order to ensure a constant filtration rate, the outer side surface of the perforated cylinder 6 is also exposed to ultrasonic vibrations created by emitters 18 located on its outer side, which allows the product layer to constantly loosen when passing through it with a high-pressure process fluid created by an axial pump 4.

At the end of the extraction process, the process fluid enriched with the target component remains in the cylindrical vessel 1, and with the help of the rod 7, the perforated cylinder 6 rises to its highest position coaxially into the interior of the continuous cylinder 8, where, as a result of the rotation of the rod 7 around its axis, the shutters 9 are closed and opened an outlet (not shown) in the perforated cylinder 6. Then, flushing fluid is supplied through the nozzle 12 to the perforated cylinder 6 to remove waste product from it through the pipe 14 outside the apparatus.

At the end of the cycle of obtaining the finished product (technological fluid enriched with the target component) through the pipe 12 serves a disinfectant solution and flushing liquid, then removed through the pipe 16.

The proposed ultrasonic mass transfer apparatus has the following advantages:

- additionally located hydrodynamic ultrasonic emitters coaxially in the upper part of the filter element allow targeted ultrasonic processing of the initial product in the local volume of the perforated cylinder, which on the one hand contributes to the intensification of the process of extraction of target components from the initial product, and on the other hand provides rational use of the energy of hydrodynamic emitters only on the processing of the original product, and not the entire mass in mass transfer Machinery;

- the additional location of the hydrodynamic ultrasonic emitters from the outer perforated side of the filter element allows you to constantly loosen the product layer when passing through it a process fluid with high pressure created by an axial pump;

- the use of ultrasonic emitters of hydrodynamic action creates good conditions for mixing, and during their operation all particles of the liquid pass the zone of maximum exposure to ultrasound;

- the use of an axial pump as a mixing device attached to the bottom of a continuous stationary cylinder provides good hydrodynamic conditions for leaching the target components extracted from the initial product, as well as high reliability of the ultrasonic mass transfer apparatus by providing the necessary level of process fluid filtration through the product layer located on the inner perforated surface of the filter element.

Claims (1)

An ultrasonic mass transfer apparatus containing a cylindrical vessel with a spherical bottom, a mixing device located coaxially inside a continuous stationary cylinder in the lower part of the apparatus, nozzles for loading and maintenance, a filter element in the form of a perforated cylinder mounted on a rod with the possibility of reciprocating movement along the axis fixed cylinder with overlapping part of the latter in the lower position and coaxially entering the solid cylinder in the upper position, in the upper part of the apparatus, the lower end part of the filter element consisting of alternating perforated and continuous sections in the form of blinds, the upper continuous petals of which are movable and installed with the possibility of periodically closing and opening the end surface of the perforated section of the filter element, characterized in that additionally installed hydrodynamic ultrasonic emitters located coaxially in the upper part of the filter element with the possibility of movement with it, as well as the outer perforated side, thus as the mixing device applied axial pump.

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