RU2311236C2 - Method of utilization of the ash and slag after incineration of the rubbish - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction industry; construction materials industry; other industries; methods of utilization of the ash-and-slag after incineration of the rubbish.

SUBSTANCE: the invention is pertaining to the construction industry, in particular, to utilization of the ash-and-slag after incineration of the rubbish. The methods of utilization of the ash-and-slag after incineration of the rubbish includes their classification and separation from the metallic inclusions and the unburnt fractions, admixing with the cement, the additives of the detoxicating agent, the modifier of the concrete and the water, and solidification of the produced concrete mass. The following components are fed into the mixer (in mass %): cement - 20-25, the incineration ash and slag - 40-60, the coarse filler - 0-30, the additive of the concrete modifier - 0.02-0.075, the additive - detoxicating agent - 0-0.35 and the water - the rest. Within 1.0-5.0 minutes exercise stirring of the components up to production of the homogeneous concrete mixture. The technical result of the invention is production of the ecologically safe concretes and products on their basis meeting the increased requirements required in the road and other kinds of construction, and the increased effectiveness of the process of detoxication. The special concrete produced by the offered method has the following physical-mechanical parameters: density - 2000-2400 kg/m³, the compressive strength - 35.7-50.3 MPa, frost resistance - 153-220 cycles, the content of the harmful impurities - below the maximum concentration limit.

EFFECT: the invention ensures production of the ecologically safe concretes and products on their basis meeting the qualifying standards used in the road and other kinds of construction, the increased effectiveness of the process of detoxication.

4 cl, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of building materials, in particular to the disposal of ash and slag waste from burning solid household waste in the production of concrete or precast concrete products with increased requirements for concrete in road and other types of construction.

A known method of physico-mechanical detoxification and disposal of ash and slag waste (RF patent No. 2123989), which is adopted as a prototype. This method is characterized by the fact that ash and slag waste is pre-sorted with the separation of metal impurities and unburned fractions, the separated ash and slag mixture at a slag: ash mass ratio of 1: (0.5-2) is subjected to mechanochemical treatment by combined dry or wet grinding in the presence of a mixture of ion exchangers Н ⁺ - and ОН ^- -forms with their mass ratio of 1: (0.008-0.012), chelatoligants and complex water-lowering chemical additives with a mechanical force of 30-120 W per 1 kg of the treated mixture for 0.75-2.2 5 hours before the formation of a homogeneous finely ground mixture with finely ground 3750-5750 cm ² / g, which is then subjected to additional chemical treatment with a 1-5% aqueous solution of water glass and phosphoric acid fastener in a molar ratio of 1: (0.5- 1.0) and the pH of the medium is 7-9, and stirred for 15-30 minutes until the composition is completely homogenized at 20-50 ° C, and mixing with cement and mixing water is carried out with continuous stirring until a uniform rolling molding mixture with a cone precipitate is formed 4-20 cm in the following ratio NTV, wt.%:

Cement 27.0-41.0 Ash and slag mixture 50.0-58.0 Complex water-reducing additive 0.5-2.5 A mixture of ion exchangers 0.01-0.42 Chelatoligands 0.01-0.25 Aqueous mortar 1,5-5,0 Residual mixing water Rest

According to this method, a homogeneous moving mixture is laid in molds and kept for 2-3 hours at 20-40 ° C and relative humidity 60-90%, then subjected to heat and humidity treatment according to the regime of 3 + 6 + 4 hours at an isothermal holding temperature of 60- 80 ° С until construction products and structures are obtained, incl. and especially light. Moreover, to obtain lightweight construction products, a silica fume additive, a foaming agent, a foam stabilizer are additionally introduced into the movable molding mixture in the following ratio of components, parts by weight:

Movable molding sand one hundred Foaming agent 0.5-2.5 Foam stabilizer 1,5-3,5 Silica fume additive 3-5,

and for the manufacture of particularly lightweight building products, a polystyrene aggregate in the form of granules of expanded polystyrene is additionally introduced into the molding mixture with a volume ratio of molding mixture: polystyrene aggregate 1: (0.75-1.15).

The disadvantages of this method are:

- the complexity and lengthy process of detoxification and waste disposal, involving the use of expensive detoxifiers, which significantly increases the cost of the final products, regardless of their environmental hazard;

- utilization of ash and slag waste involves their use to produce concrete and concrete products having low physical and mechanical characteristics, such as strength and frost resistance, which can be used mainly in the enclosing structures of residential and public buildings, which, on the one hand, necessitates mandatory use expensive detoxification, and on the other hand, limits or eliminates the possibility of disposal of waste incineration in the production of concrete and products based on it Peninsula, such as the road, which are increased requirements.

An object of the invention is to create a method that allows for a simpler technology with less cost to obtain concrete and products based on them with high physical and mechanical characteristics.

The problem is solved as follows.

After sorting and separation from metal inclusions and unburned fractions, waste incineration along with cement and water, as well as aggregate, concrete modifier and detoxicant additive in ratios by weight: cement 20-25, waste incineration 40-50%, coarse aggregate 15- 30%, additive modifier 0.02-0.075, additive detoxifier 0-0.35 and water - the rest is mixed for 1.0-5.0 minutes until a homogeneous concrete mixture is obtained.

As a modifier additive, a mixture of additives is used: siliceous, plasticizing and hardening accelerators in the ratio, wt.%: Siliceous additive 0-58, plasticizing additive 17-35 and hardening accelerator 25-65. At the same time, the modifier MB 10-01, or silica fume, or marshalite is used as a siliceous additive.

As an additive detoxifier, inexpensive substances are used: SDO, START, SGK or their binary or ternary mixtures with a mass ratio of 1: (0.5-1) or 1: 1: (0.25-0.3), respectively.

The above types of components and their ratios make it possible to obtain concrete and products from it with improved physical and mechanical characteristics at minimal cost and ensuring the environmental safety of its use, for example, in road construction.

As an example, the problem is solved as follows.

The following are fed to the concrete mixer:

- additional Portland cement M-500 in the amount of 22.2%;

- ash and slag waste incineration of 50.0%;

- granite coarse aggregate fraction 5-20 mm in an amount of 20.0%;

- a modifier additive in an amount of 0.05% of a mixture, consisting of an additive MB10-III in an amount of 0.023%, a plasticizing additive C-3 in an amount of 0.011% and a hardening accelerator Na ₂ SO ₄ in an amount of 0.016%;

- additive-detoxicant - saponified wood resin (SDO) in an amount of 0.009% of the mixture;

- water in an amount of 7.55%.

These components are mixed in a forced-action concrete mixer for 2.0 minutes.

The resulting concrete mixture has a stiffness of 50 seconds and from it paving slabs are obtained by vibrocompression with concrete compressive strength of 41.1 MPa and frost resistance F200.

Other examples of specific implementations of the proposed technical solution are given in table 1-2.

As can be seen from table 1, 2, the application of the proposed method can improve the physico-mechanical characteristics of concrete in strength and frost resistance and simplify the process of detoxification of waste incineration.

Table 1 Concrete composition No. of experiments The composition of concrete and mortar ^*) , wt.%: The composition of the modifier, wt.%: Ts OM (ZHS) 3 Dm DD KVD SI Hg BPK VP AT Siliceous additive Plasticizing additive Hardening accelerator one twenty 46.0 thirty 0,075 0.35 - - - - 0.25 rest 0 35 (C-3) 65 (CH) 2 22.5 50,0 fifteen 0.02 0.175 - - - - 0.08 - "- 29 (MRS) 26 (melment) 45 (AH) 3 twenty 46.0 thirty 0,075 0.35 - - - - 0.25 - "- 0 35 (C-3) 65 (CH) four 22.5 50,0 fifteen 0.02 0.175 - - - - 0.08 - "- 29 (IWC) 26 (melment) 45 (AH) 5 (prot.) 27 58.0 - - - 2,5 0.42 0.25 5,0 0.25 - "- - - - 6 (cont.) twenty 46.0 thirty 2.7 0.175 - - - - 0.25 - "- - 35 (C-3) 65 (CH) ^*) C - cement; OM - waste incineration; З - placeholder; DM - additive modifier; DC - detoxifier; ZHS - ash and slag mixture; KVD - a comprehensive water-reducing additive; SI - a mixture of ion exchangers; HG - chelatoligands; BPK - an aqueous solution of a fastener; VP - harmful impurities; In - mixing water; MCC - silica fume; MRSH - Marshalite; CH - sodium sulfate; AN - sodium aluminate

table 2 Physical and mechanical properties of special concrete Parameter Name Unit The value of the parameter for compounds one 2 3 four 5 6 1. Density kg / m ³ 2400 2200 2370 2250 2000 2400 2. Strength MPa 49.8 42.0 39.7 41.2 25.0 44,2 3. Frost resistance cycle 205 180 157 190 75 210 4. Toxicity <MPC (<or>), <MPC <MPC <MPC <MPC > MPC <MPC 5. Unit cost of production % 74 77 75 76 one hundred 76

Claims (4)

1. A method for the disposal of ash and slag waste from incineration, including the processes of their sorting and separation from metal inclusions and unburnt fractions, mixing with cement, additives of detoxicant, concrete modifier and water and hardening of the formed concrete mass, characterized in that for the production of environmentally friendly concrete and products on based on them, meeting the high requirements in road and other types of construction, and improving the efficiency of the detoxification process, cement, ash and slag are fed into the mixer waste incineration waste, coarse aggregate, concrete modifier additives and detoxifier additives in the following ratio of components, wt.%: cement 20-25 ash and slag waste incineration 40-60 aggregate 0-30 modifier 0.02-0.075 detoxifier 0-0.35 water rest then, for 1.0-5.0 minutes, the components are mixed until a homogeneous concrete mixture is obtained. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that as a modifier additive use a siliceous additive, a plasticizing additive and a hardening accelerator in the following mass ratio of components, wt.%: siliceous additive 0-29 plasticizer 26-35 hardening accelerator 46-65 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the modifier MB 10-01 or marshalite is used as a siliceous additive. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that as an additive detoxifier use saponified wood resin (SDO), or a neutralized air-entraining resin (START), or a mixture of humic acids (SGK), or their double or triple mixtures with their mass the ratio of 1: (0.5-1) and 1: 1: (0.25-1), respectively.