RU2310726C1 - Floating clarifying water intake structure - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hydraulic and water supply engineering, particularly water intake structures to take and clarify water to be produced from water sources characterized by large water level fluctuation and suspension particle content.

SUBSTANCE: water intake structure comprises body with thin-layered module installed therein, accumulation vessel connected with thin-layered module. The thin-layered module comprises opened bottom part. Water is sucked from accumulation vessel through sucking pipeline with the use of pump and is supplied via pressure pipeline. Horizontal pipes are installed in clarifying module in staggered order. The horizontal pipes are provided with slot-like perforation orifices arranged in upper and lower parts thereof and extending along horizontal pipe lengths. Zigzag split directly communicating pipes with river is formed in outer pipe surfaces. The zigzag split provides precipitated suspension particle discharge in river. Water intake structure has water-receiving chamber filled with ball members and is provided with horizontal grid located in lower part thereof. Water taken from water source and incoming reagents move via said horizontal grid.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of water clearance of suspension particles due to particle precipitation in reagent presence, decreased thin-layered module size, which provides structure usage in shallow water bodies.

4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of hydraulic engineering and water supply and can be used, in particular, for abstraction and preliminary clarification of water from sources with a large range of fluctuations in water level and a high content of suspended solids for the purpose of providing water to municipal and industrial facilities.

Known floating intake filter type (AS USSR No. 1761680, IPC 5 C02F 1/00. Publ. 15.09.90. Bull. No. 34), comprising a housing, a container for collecting clarified water, a filter with a device for supplying water to the intake and a unit for removing sludge, including a pump and a pressure pipe, while the water intake is provided with perforated vertical pipes and an active nozzle connected to the pressure pipe, the device for supplying water to the water intake is made in the form of a passive nozzle located under the active one, the filter load is floating, and perf ingly vertical tube mounted in the filter media layer, and the active nozzle underneath.

The disadvantages of the known technical solutions are:

- high energy consumption of the device associated with the need to create increased pressure in the perforated pipes installed in the filter load, and a high degree of vacuum in the passive nozzle during the regeneration of the filter load;

- large dimensions of the water intake with filter containers and a clarified water collection tank in it, the volume of which must be at least 10% of the water intake capacity, that is, it must be sufficient to ensure the water flow necessary for the simultaneous regeneration of the filter load of both filters at once, which determines the difficulty of using the installation in shallow water bodies;

- the difficulty of use in reservoirs with shallow depths, also due to the need to maintain a significant difference in water levels in the river and in filter tanks (significant flooding of the floating intake), which is necessary to overcome the hydraulic resistance in the intake grids and in the filter load of height h, in which the resistance changes significantly during the filter cycle as the load is colmatized;

- a discrete mode of water supply associated with the need for periodic regeneration of the filter load, when the water supply to the consumer is completely stopped during the period from the beginning of washing the load to filling the supply tank for collecting clarified water;

- the complexity of operation, due to the fact that with constant water supply, the mass of the floating intake is constantly changing, since the level in the capacity for collecting clarified water changes at the time of regeneration of the filter load with almost complete emptying of this capacity and the capacity of the filters by the end of the regeneration;

- the complexity of operation and low reliability of operation, due to the need for a relatively uniform distribution of loads across the device’s area, for which it is necessary to ensure strictly parallel regeneration of the filter load of both filters at the same time in order to avoid inadmissible distortion (deferent) of the body of the floating water intake, which can cause emergency situations;

- the complexity of operation, due to the short duration of the filter cycle and the need for frequent loading regeneration in the presence of a large amount of fine suspension in the water source, the removal of which from the water is possible only when settling with preliminary agglomeration - enlargement of flakes, which is ensured by the introduction of coagulants into the treated water.

Known floating intake-clarifier containing a water-lifting device with a suction and discharge line with a hinged connection and a clarifier in the form of a thin-layer module, consisting of a package of inclined elements, moreover, under the thin-layer module there are cellular blocks formed by vertical partitions, and a collector is installed over the thin-layer module in the form perforated pipes (AS USSR No. 885466, IPC 3 Е03В 3/32; C02F 1/52, Publ. 30.11.81. Bull. No. 44).

The disadvantages of the known technical solutions are:

- large vertical dimensions of the water treatment plant due to the fact that the inclined thin-layer elements to ensure a significant clarification effect must have a length of at least 3 m, and this, taking into account the design dimensions of the drainage tank, requires relatively large depths of the water source (up to 4-5 m) at the location of the water intake-clarifier, which significantly limits the scope of such a device;

- the difficulty of ensuring stable operation of the pump with the collector and perforated pipes on the suction pipe, because in accordance with the existing requirements for the design of pumping stations, especially when installing the units not under the flood, the suction lines must have minimal hydraulic resistance, primarily due to height limitations suction pumps. On these pipelines, it is permissible to install only non-return valves, while if you follow the specified requirements and do not connect the suction pipe to the manifold, then the presence of such a manifold with perforated pipes does not make sense. Without a collector, it is not possible to achieve uniform operation of thin-layer elements and a greater flow of water from the river will flow through elements located closer to the suction pipe;

- low clarification effect in the presence of a large amount of fine suspension in the water source, the removal of which from the water is possible only with active preliminary agglomeration - enlargement of flakes, which is ensured by the introduction of coagulants and flocculants into the treated water.

Known floating water treatment plant with an open bottom, containing a lifting device with a suction and discharge lines, a clarifier in the form of inclined thin-layer elements with vertical partitions beneath them (AS USSR No. 1581343, IPC 5 V01D 21/02, 36/04, E03B 3/32; Publ. 30.07.90. Bull. No. 28). Moreover, the installation is equipped with a filter with a floating load, a partition that restricts the filter from above and is made in the form of truncated pyramids installed vertically and connected by large bases with vertical guiding partitions in the upper part, forming slotted channels, a wash water collector with nozzles located in slotted channels, while adjacent pyramids with lateral faces form catchments of clarified water.

The disadvantages of the known technical solutions are:

- the complexity of washing the floating filter load, since with the open bottom of the installation for the formation of the inverse pressure gradient and the complete washing out of the mud, it is necessary to create such a level of water above the filter that would exceed the level of water in the river, and in this case, the supply of washing water to the collector to create the required washing intensity at the same time of the entire filter area should be several times higher than the amount of water withdrawal, especially since the washing water at the inlet should be directed from the collector to felling and narrow slotted channels;

- uneven operation of the filter load at different power levels, in connection with which the water through the load will tend to pass along the path with the smallest hydraulic (filtration) resistance, that is, directly opposite the slotted channels, and this zone will be actively clogged, therefore, in other zones loading is not only unnecessary, but even brings certain negative effects associated with the lack of flow in the pores of the load and the threat of activation of microbiological processes, with the danger of fasting Lenia in treated water pathogenic microflora;

- the complexity of the operation of the installation due to the relatively short duration of the filter cycle and the need for frequent regeneration of the load due to the fact that not the entire volume is intensively clogged, but only a narrow loading zone directly opposite the slotted channels;

- large vertical dimensions of the water treatment plant, since the inclined thin-layer elements to ensure a significant degree of clarification should have a length of at least 3 m, and taking into account the structural height of the filter unit, the required depth in the water source at the location of the floating water treatment plant should be at least 6-8 m, which significantly limits the scope of such an installation;

- the difficulty of ensuring stable operation of the pump with a large suction line and a variable immersion depth of the water treatment plant in various operating modes (filter loading regeneration mode, operating mode) at different levels of water in it;

- low clarification effect in the presence of a large amount of fine suspension in the water source, the removal of which from the water is possible only with active preliminary agglomeration - enlargement of flakes, which is ensured by the introduction of coagulants and flocculants into the treated water.

A device for cleaning a liquid is known from another field of technology (Patent for invention RU No. 2135257, IPC 6 B01D 21/02, C02F 1/40, Publ. 27.08.99, Bull. No. 24), comprising a housing with a thin-layer module installed therein, made in the form of horizontally installed pipes having slotted perforations in the lower and upper parts along their entire length, arranged to form a gap along the outer contour, a sedimentary accumulator in the lower part of the body, a receiving pocket providing a supply of cleaned liquid to the pipes, a clarified liquid removal system, moreover thin layer The th module is made of staggered pipes and equipped with bushings that form a gap along their outer contour with a hydraulic resistance exceeding the hydraulic resistance of the internal cavity of the pipes, the receiving pocket is equipped with a movable dividing wall mounted for movement in the vertical direction, from the opposite side a redistribution chamber is located in the receiving pocket.

The known device does not provide the possibility of water intake from water sources with its simultaneous clarification.

The closest to the invention in terms of technical nature and the achieved technical effect is a floating water intake-sump, including a receiving tank, thin-layer sumps and a pumping station of the first lift installed on a pontoon (Zhurba M.G., Sokolov L.I., Govorova Zh.M. Water supply, Design of systems and structures, T.1, Purification and conditioning of natural waters, 2nd ed., Revised and additional textbook, Moscow: DIA publishing house, 2004. p. 177, table 7 .b No. 11). In the lower part of the thin-layer sedimentation tanks, cellular blocks equipped with partitions are installed. From the receiving tank, water enters the clarified water collectors, from which water is taken from the pumping unit via suction pipes. The water supply pipeline through a swivel is connected to the discharge pipe of the pump, and the pump itself is mounted on the same pontoon with a thin-layer sump and a receiving tank.

The disadvantages of the known technical solutions are:

- limited application conditions, in particular, at the depths of the water source at the location of the floating water intake, which should be at least 4-5 m due to the large vertical dimensions of the installation, since inclined thin-layer elements must have a length of at least 3 m to ensure the required clarification effect ;

- low clarification effect in the presence of a large amount of fine suspension in the water source, the removal of which from the water is possible only with active preliminary agglomeration - enlargement of flakes, which is ensured by the introduction of coagulants and flocculants into the treated water.

The objective of the invention is the creation of a new floating water intake-clarifier with a high effect of removing suspended in the water contaminants due to reagent sedimentation and with the possibility of its use in water sources with shallow depths due to the use of a thin-layer tubular module with a horizontal pipe arrangement.

The specified problem is solved as follows.

In a known floating water intake-clarifier, comprising a housing with a thin-layer module installed in it with an open bottom, a collection tank in communication with a thin-layer module, from which water is drawn by a pump through the suction pipe and supplied through a pressure pipe, the thin-layer clarification module is made in the form of horizontal pipes with slit perforation in their lower and upper parts along the entire length, horizontal perforated pipes are staggered in the casing with the formation of a gap on them the external surface in communication with the river and allowing the precipitated suspension to be drained into the river, the hydraulic resistance of the perforation of the pipes of the thin-layer clarification module and the gap on their external surface exceeds the hydraulic resistance of the internal cavity of these pipes, the intake chamber is equipped with a horizontally mounted grill in the bottom part through which water is supplied from a water source and filled with spherical elements from a material with a density of a higher density of water, the water intake chamber is equipped dosing system and input reactants and their feed duct in its lower part above the horizontal bars.

Distinctive features of the prototype are:

- a thin-layer clarification module is made in the form of horizontal pipes with slotted perforations in their lower and upper parts along the entire length;

- horizontal perforated pipes are staggered in the housing;

- horizontal perforated pipes are installed with the formation of a gap on their outer surface, communicating with the river and ensuring the removal of the precipitated suspension into the river;

- the hydraulic resistance of the perforation of the pipes of the thin-layer clarification module and the gap on their outer surface exceeds the hydraulic resistance of the inner cavity of these pipes;

- the water intake chamber is equipped with a horizontally installed grate in the bottom part, through which water is supplied from the water source, and is filled with spherical elements from a material with a density greater than the density of water;

- the intake chamber is equipped with a system for dosing and introducing reagents and a pipeline for their supply to its lower part above the horizontal grate.

The thin-layer clarification module is made in the form of horizontal pipes with slit perforations in their lower and upper parts along the entire length, which allows the sediment to be removed outside the internal cavity of these pipes without stirring up the sediment sliding along the inclined plane of the inner walls of the pipes in the direction normal to the direction of movement clarified water, and perforation in the upper part allows to remove pop-up pollution. The horizontal arrangement of thin-layer elements in the clarification part provides a reduction in vertical overall dimensions with the possibility of operating the intake at water sources with shallow depths.

Horizontal perforated pipes are staggered in the housing, this allows the pipes to be placed most compactly in a thin-layer module with the formation of a gap between the outer walls of the pipes in a zigzag shape, the hydraulic resistance of which is maximum. At the same time, the structural height of the thin-layer module is the smallest, which makes it possible to use water intake at shallow water sources with a high water treatment effect, allowing pollution to be removed with both negative and positive hydraulic fineness.

Horizontal perforated pipes are installed with a gap on their outer surface that communicates with the river and ensures the sediment is suspended in the river, which determines the greatest cleaning effect, since it is not allowed to mix the contaminants extracted from water with the liquid to be cleaned, passing only in the horizontal pipes of the module, and the contamination through slotted perforations they fall into the gap and move in the gap along the outer walls of the pipes.

The hydraulic resistance of the perforation of the pipes of the thin-layer clarification module and the gap on their outer surface exceeds the hydraulic resistance of the internal cavity of these pipes, which is ensured by the zigzag shape of the gap and the presence of clamps located at a certain step along the length of each pipe, and the hydraulic resistance of the slotted perforation is determined by the width of the gap. This ratio of hydraulic resistances prevents the flow of purified water in the gap from the outside of the pipes, in which only the suspension moving into the gap through the perforation of the pipes, the suspension is discharged into the river and when water enters the thin-layer module from the river through the water intake chamber, the purified water is transported only in the internal cavity of the pipes.

The water inlet chamber is equipped with a horizontally installed grate in the bottom part, through which water is supplied from the water source, and is filled with spherical elements from a material with a density higher than the water density, this eliminates the ingress of a significant part of mechanical impurities deposited directly in the river and protects the system from ingress of fish fry, since spherical elements are a mechanical obstacle for fish, and with the density of the material from which you spherical elements filled in excess of the density of water are filled up; they are compactly concentrated in the bottom of the chamber near the grate.

The water intake chamber is equipped with a reagent dosing and injection system and a supply pipe to the lower part of the chamber above the horizontal grate, which ensures agglomeration of finely dispersed suspended matter when interacting with the coagulant and (or) flocculant and, therefore, more efficient purification of river water in the lighting module. The presence of spherical elements in the water intake chamber above the horizontal bottom grate when reagents are fed into the same zone improves the efficiency of their mixing with the treated water due to the active reciprocating movement of the spherical elements in the upstream stream of the processed river water.

Thus, a causal relationship is ensured between the set of distinctive features of the claimed invention and the achieved technical result: a high effect of removing water-suspended contaminants due to reagent sedimentation and the possibility of using a water intake-clarifier on water sources with shallow depths by reducing the vertical dimensions of the installation when using a thin-layer tubular module with horizontal pipe arrangement.

An example of industrial applicability of the invention.

Figure 1 shows a schematic longitudinal section of a floating water intake-clarifier, figure 2 is a transverse section aa in figure 1. Figure 3 shows a fragment of a cross section of a thin-layer tubular module made of horizontally arranged pipes of rectangular cross section. Figure 4 shows a longitudinal section of a rectangular pipe of a thin-layer tubular module.

The floating water intake-clarifier contains a water intake chamber 1 with a horizontal grate 2 in the bottom part, through which water is supplied from the water source. The water intake chamber 1 is filled with spherical elements 3 of material with a density of a higher density of water. The thin-layer tubular module has an open bottom part in communication with the river (water source), is separated from the water intake chamber 1 by a drainage wall, and has vertical partitions 4 into which wellhead sections of horizontally arranged perforated pipes 5 are brought out. A collecting tank 6 is connected to a thin-layer tubular module of an unheated drainage wall . Above the intake chamber 1, consumable containers 7 of reagents are installed, which, with the help of a metering device - a metering pump 8, are fed through a pipe 9 to the lower part of the intake chamber 1 above the horizontal grill 2. Pump units 10 with a suction pipe 11 are installed above the collecting tank 6. provide the supply of clarified water through the pressure pipe 12 with a swivel connection 13 to the consumer or to the facilities for deep water treatment. Floating water-clarifier for buoyancy is equipped with pontoons 14. Arrows 15 show the direction of movement of contaminants extracted from water in a thin-layer tubular module through an open bottom into the river. The horizontally installed pipes 5 of the thin-layer module can be of rectangular cross-section and are made of corners fixed on short support sleeves 16, installed along the length inside the pipes with a certain pitch, using clamps 17. Moreover, the corners forming the pipes 5 of rectangular cross-section are fixed so that along their entire length there was a gap 18 (crevice perforation) in the lower part and a gap 19 in the upper part. The sediment 20 accumulating on the inner surface of the pipes 5 is removed from them through the gap 18, and contaminants with a positive hydraulic particle size emerging in the process of settling water in the pipes 5 are removed from them through the slots 19. When installing the pipes 5 in a checkerboard pattern due to the presence of clamps 17 a zigzag gap 21 is formed with a width σ corresponding to the thickness of the mounting clamps 17.

Floating water-clarifier works as follows.

Water from the river enters the water intake chamber 1 through a horizontal grate 2 installed in the bottom of chamber 1, forming an upward flow due to the pressure gradient - the difference in the water level in the river and the collection tank 6, from which water is taken by pump 10. Horizontal arrangement of the grate 2 and the supply of water from the river from the bottom up excludes the entry into the water intake chamber 1 of a significant part of the mechanical pollution deposited directly in the river. In the lower part of the water intake chamber 1 are placed freely moving spherical elements 3 with a diameter of 20-30 mm, made of a material with a density of a higher density of water, for example, of polystyrene grade PSS (GOST 20282-74), the density of which is 1.10 kg / dm ³ . These elements 3 can also be made of polyurethane having a density of 1.21 kg / dm ³ . Polystyrenes and polyurethanes do not affect the organoleptic and other properties of water, they can be used in water supply systems (Sheftel V.O. Sanitary and hygienic characteristics of synthetic materials used in water supply systems // Overview No. 2. - M .: TsBNTI of the USSR Ministry of Water Supply, pg. 22-26, 68-69). Such materials can be considered inert with respect to pollution contained in water. This, along with the friction of the surfaces of the spherical elements 3 against each other, eliminates the substantial sticking of contaminants and a change in the mass of these elements 3. The presence of spherical elements 3 in the water intake chamber 1 protects the system from fish fry, since the spherical elements 3 constitute a mechanical obstacle to fish, and in the manufacture of them, for example, from polyurethane, they are concentrated quite compactly in the bottom of the chamber 1 near the grate 2.

The water inlet chamber 1 is equipped with a dosing and reagent injection system, in particular, reagent consumable containers 7 can be placed above the chamber 1, which, by gravity or, for example, by means of a metering pump 8, feed through a pipe 9 to the lower part of the water reception chamber 1 into the zone above the horizontal grid 2. For a more uniform input of reagents, the pipeline 9 is connected to a distribution system, for example, with a perforated nozzle. The presence of spherical elements 3 in the water intake chamber 1 above the horizontal bottom grate 2 when reactants are fed through the pipeline 9 into the same zone improves the efficiency of their mixing with the treated water due to the active reciprocating movement of the spherical elements 3 in the upward flow of the treated river water. Thus, the lower part of the intake chamber 1 serves as a mixer, and in the upper part in the upward stream of river water mixed with reagents, sufficiently active agglomeration of finely dispersed suspension is ensured - flocculation and, therefore, the efficiency of water purification in the clarification thin-layer module is increased.

From the water intake chamber 1, water mixed with reagents, through the spillway, enters a thin-layer clarification module consisting of horizontally located pipes 5 with perforation in their lower and upper parts along the entire length. The wellhead sections of the pipes 5 are fixed in vertical partitions 4 and water from the water intake chamber 1 only enters the pipes 5. The horizontal perforated pipes 5 are installed in a staggered manner in the case of a thin-layer clarification module, which ensures the greatest compactness of the arrangement of pipes 5. At the same time, the structural height of the thin-layer module is the smallest, which makes it possible to use water intake at shallow water sources with a high effect of water purification. The horizontally mounted pipes 5 of the thin-layer module can be of rectangular cross-section and are made, for example, from corners, and to facilitate the design, the corners should be made of metal with a thickness of not more than 1 mm. Such corners are fixed, for example, on short support sleeves 16, installed along the length inside the pipes with a certain pitch, using clamps 17. Moreover, the sleeves 16, on which the corners are fixed, forming pipes 5 of rectangular cross section, must have such a diameter that along the entire length the corners left a gap 18 (crevice perforation) in the lower part and a gap 19 in the upper part. This allows you to remove pollution with both negative and positive hydraulic fineness. The size of the pipes 5 (length and internal diagonal size) is determined depending on the hydraulic size and concentration of the precipitated suspension and for lengths, for example, up to 3-4 m, the diagonal size of each of the pipes can be taken up to 100 mm. Horizontal perforated pipes 5 formed from the corners fastened with clamps 17 are installed with the formation of a zigzag gap 21 with a thickness σ corresponding to the thickness of the clamps 17, and the value of σ must be at least 7-10 mm to prevent clogging of the gap.

Water with coarse suspension flakes entering the horizontal perforated pipes 5 of the thin-layer module is freed from contaminants deposited on the inner walls of the pipes 5. Sediment 20 gradually slides along these walls in the direction normal to the flow of the treated water without stirring the sediment 20, and through the cracks 18 is removed outside the pipe 5 into a zigzag gap 21 in communication with the river. In the gaps 21 and on the outer surface of the pipes 5, the sediment moves down (shown by arrows 15) and is discharged into the river. Since with such a scheme for the removal of sludge 20 from the pipes 5, it is not allowed to mix the contaminants extracted from the water with the treated water passing only in the horizontal pipes 5 of the module, the maximum cleaning effect is achieved. The pollution module emerging in horizontal pipes 5 through slots 19 also fall into a zigzag gap 21, along which they move to the upper part of a thin-layer clarification module, where a collection tray (not shown conditionally) should be placed, which ensures periodic removal of these pollution outside the intake device.

The width of the slots 18 and 19 should be no more than 5 mm, while the hydraulic resistance of these slots 18 and 19 of the pipes 5 of the thin-layer clarification module and the gap 21 on their outer surface exceeds the hydraulic resistance of the inner cavity of the pipes 5. This is ensured by the zigzag shape of the gap 21 and the presence of it clamps 17, located with a certain step along the length of each pipe 5. This ratio of hydraulic resistances prevents the flow of purified water in the gap 21 from the outside of the pipes 5, in which only The suspension is suspended in the gap 21 through the perforation of the pipes 5 and the removal of pollution into the river. Moreover, the flow of water into the thin-layer module from the river is possible only through the water intake chamber 1, and the flow of purified water is carried out only in the internal cavity of the pipes 5. The mode of movement of water in horizontal perforated pipes 5, as in any sump, should be close to laminar. In the clarification module, the pipes 5 should work relatively uniformly, which is determined by the pressure gradient that is the same for each of the pipes 5 of the module — the difference in levels on the spillway walls adjacent to the collection chamber 1 and adjacent to the collection tank 6. From the collection tank 6, the clarified water is drawn by pumps 10, which provide it through a pressure pipe 12 with a swivel connection 13 to the consumer or to the facilities for deep water treatment.

Thus, the floating water intake-clarifier provides a high effect of removing water-suspended contaminants due to reagent sedimentation when the device can be used on water sources with shallow depths due to the reduction of the vertical dimensions of the installation when using a thin-layer tubular module with a horizontal pipe arrangement.

Claims (1)

Floating water intake-clarifier, comprising a housing with a thin-layer module installed in it with an open bottom, a collection tank in communication with a thin-layer module, from which water is drawn by a pump through the suction pipe and supplied through a pressure pipe, characterized in that the thin-layer clarification module is made in horizontal pipes with slit perforation in their lower and upper parts along the entire length, horizontal perforated pipes are staggered in the casing with the formation of a gap On their outer surface, which communicates with the river and ensures the precipitation of suspended sediment is diverted into the river, the hydraulic resistance of the perforation of the pipes of the thin-layer clarification module and the gap on their outer surface exceeds the hydraulic resistance of the internal cavity of these pipes, the water intake chamber is equipped with a horizontally mounted grill in the bottom part, through which water is supplied from the water source, and filled with spherical elements from a material with a density greater than the density of water, the water intake chambers and is equipped with a system for dispensing and introducing reagents and a pipeline for their supply to its lower part, above the horizontal grate.

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