RU2310477C2 - Device for electrochemical cleaning of dialyzing solution in electrolytic tank - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: device can be used for electrochemical cleaning of dialyzing solution in extrarenal blood cleaning apparatuses. Two communicating chambers are made in case of electrolytic tank. Cathodes and anodes are placed in one chamber and level detector is disposed in the other one. Lower contact of level detector is placed above level of outlet of dialyzing solution and top contact is disposed lower than level of opening through which gases go. Both chambers communicate by mean of channels; lower channel is disposed lower than level of outlet of dialyzing solution and top one is disposed at he level of opening through, which opening the gases go. Outlet jet for letting gases go is connected with valve controlled by signal from level detector. Uniform flow, cleaned from nitrogen-containing compounds and gaseous products of oxidation of dialyzing solution, is achieved.

EFFECT: improved efficiency of cleaning.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of medical technology and applied electrochemistry and, in particular, to devices for electrochemical regeneration of dialysis solutions and can be used in devices for extrarenal blood purification, for example, in artificial kidney devices for removing toxic substances from dialysis solutions.

Known devices for controlling the level of electrolyte, for example, A. with. SU No. 644166, publ. 01/27/2000, No. 820269, publ. 02/27/2000, application RU No. 94026052, publ. 06/10/1996. All these devices, which are particular solutions of the structural elements of level sensors, are quite complex and consist of a large number of parts.

A device is known (patent RU No. 2110999, publ. 20.05.98) containing an electrolyzer with electrodes made of platinum titanium, a control unit, a pump pumping a solution, and a storage tank with level sensors, in which the signal to the cell is switched off by the signal of the level sensor.

Also known is a device (patent RU No. 2141453, publ. 20.11.99) containing electrochemical cells with electrodes in which electrolysis passes, containers for kaolite, salt solution and anolyte, level sensors installed in containers for anolyte and salt solution, pump , Control block. At the signal of the level sensors, the pump is switched off and the voltage is removed from the electrodes of the electrolysis cells.

In both of the above devices, level sensors monitor the level of the solution obtained after electrolysis, and do not contribute to improving the operation of the electrolyzer and improving the quality of the purified solution.

A device for electrolysis is known (patent RU No. 2199610, publ. 02.27.2003), which is a batch type electrolyzer and contains vertically arranged electrodes in which upper gas outlet openings and lower coaxial holes for supplying electrolyte are made, dielectric spacers are located between the electrodes, and Perforated pipes with nozzles at the ends are passed into the holes of the electrodes.

The disadvantage of this device is that the gases generated in large quantities during electrolysis are mixed with an electrolyte, the level of which cannot be lower than the upper perforated pipe, and there is no place for gases to accumulate. The electrolyte leaving the electrolyzer turns out to be saturated gas, which is unacceptable when using the electrolyzer to clean such an electrolyte as a dialysis solution in artificial kidney devices.

The closest technical solution is an electrolyzer for electrochemical purification of a dialysate solution (a.s. SU No. 1823191, publ. 01/27/96), containing a housing with platinum-titanium anodes and cathodes and tubes placed in it: lower — for the dialysis solution inlet, middle - for the outlet of the purified dialysis solution and the upper part located in the part of the housing free of electrodes (separation chamber), - for the exit of gases.

In the electrolyzer according to the prototype, the purified electrolyte (dialysis solution) contains significantly less gas than in the device according to the patent RU No. 2199610 described above, publ. 02/27/2003, due to the presence of a separation chamber, but its disadvantage is uncontrolled emission of gases. The electrolysis process takes place very rapidly, with a large formation of gaseous products, and the gas pressure during the operation of the electrolyzer is constantly changing. This pressure acts on the electrolyte, reducing or increasing its level. The hole in the electrolyser for the exit of gases is made unregulated, it cannot be large, because the electrolyte will splash through it, but cannot be small, since the gas pressure can lower the electrolyte level below the outlet, and the electrolyte will not leave the electrolyzer, and gases will enter the drainage solution (dialysate) through the drain hole, which is unacceptable.

When creating this invention, the task was to develop a reliable device for the electrochemical purification of a dialysate solution in an electrolyzer, which provides purified dialysate suitable for further use in artificial kidney devices.

The technical result of the device was the creation of an electrolyzer equipped with a simple and compact device for monitoring and controlling the level of electrolyte in it, and obtaining, at the outlet of the electrolyzer, a uniform flow of a dialysis solution purified by electrochemical method and free of gaseous electrolysis products.

This result is achieved in that, in comparison with the known device for electrochemical purification of a dialysate, containing a housing with holes and nozzles for entering the dialysing solution and the outlet of the purified dialysing solution, as well as for the gas outlet, parallel cathodes and anodes, a separation chamber, the claimed device contains the new one is that two interconnected chambers are made in the cell body, one of which has anodes and cathodes, and the other has a level sensor, and the bottom CT of the level sensor is installed above the level of the outlet of the dialyzed solution, and the upper one is below the level of the outlet for the exit of gases, both chambers communicate with each other by two channels, the lower of which is located below the level of the outlet of the dialysis solution, and the upper one is at the level of the outlet for the gas outlet, wherein the outlet pipe for gases is connected to a valve that can open when the dialysate level drops below the lower contact of the level sensor and close when the dialysate level rises to the top that the level sensor.

The simplicity and compactness of the device are ensured by the arrangement of interconnected cameras, differing only in size, in one housing and their similar implementation, for example, by milling the housing, while both cameras are as close as possible to each other. Due to the presence of a two-pin level sensor and a valve controlled by the signal sensor, supporting the dialysate level in the electrolyzer above the level of the outlet for the outlet of the purified dialysate and below the level of the outlet for the outlet of gases, it was possible to completely separate the gaseous component of the electrolysis products from the liquid, while the dialysate exiting through the drain the hole is free from foam and gases and its flow is not interrupted, and the absence of foam and gases in the chamber with the level sensor contributes to the reliable operation of the sensor. The presence of air or gas bubbles is unacceptable when the dialysate passes through the dialyzer, where the dialysate solution contacts the blood through the membrane, since the entry of gas bubbles into the blood can lead to death of the patient. (V.M. Grinwald et al. Design and first test results of the ADR-01 dialysis machine with dialysis solution regeneration. F, Medical equipment No. 3, Moscow, Medicine, 1993, pp. 28-31). Therefore, the cleaner the dialysis solution from the gas components at the outlet of the electrolyzer, the more reliable the operation of the apparatus as a whole. In addition, the presence of gas bubbles disrupts the operation of measuring nodes: level sensors, urea, hypochlorite. (Nefedkin SI Development of electrochemical methods and devices for purification and monitoring of aqueous technological media containing dissolved organic substances. Abstract for the degree of Doctor of Technical Sciences. M., 2004).

The drawing schematically shows the inventive device for electrochemical purification of a dialysis solution in an electrolyzer.

The device includes an electrolyzer containing a sealed housing 1 with openings, two communicating with each other through channels 2 chambers 3 and 5 are made in the electrolyser housing. A level sensor 4 with two contacts is installed in chamber 3, anodes 6 and cathodes 7 are placed in chamber 5. The pipe 8 serves to supply the dialysis solution to the corresponding hole of the electrolyzer, the pipe 9 serves to drain through the corresponding hole of the electrolyzer of the purified dialysis fluid. The pipe 10 is connected to a controlled valve 11 and serves to exit through the corresponding hole of the electrolyzer gaseous products of electrolysis. The free space 12 above the electrodes is a separation chamber. The device operates as follows. The dialysing solution to be cleaned is pumped through the pipe 8 into the electrolyzer. Nitrogenous compounds of the dialysate solution, passing in the interelectrode space, are oxidized, releasing a large number of gaseous products that rise up and accumulate in the space above the electrodes, while the gas pressure can be such that the dialysate level drops below outlet 9, then the dialysate drains and further dialysis is disrupted, which is unacceptable. A level 4 sensor monitors this process. When lowering the dialysate level below the lower contact of the sensor 4, the sensor gives a signal to open the valve 11 to relieve gas pressure, the dialysate freely enters the chamber 5 to the upper contact of the sensor 4, after which the valve 11 closes. The location of the lower hole 2 connecting the chambers 3 and 5, below the lower level of the dialysate improves the working conditions of the sensor 4, since it virtually eliminates the entry into the chamber 3 of foam and gaseous oxidation products that interfere with the operation of the sensor. The upper hole 2 serves to enter and exit air from the chamber 3 when the dialysate level changes in it.

The specified device is implemented in the block of regeneration of the dialysis solution and is part of the "Dialysis apparatus AGDR-01" (see above). The body of the device is made of plexiglass 30 mm thick. On the surface of plexiglass made two samples with a depth of 20 mm, which are cameras. Outside, the housing is sealed by a lid. In one of the chambers of the casing, cathodes and anodes are installed, made of titanium coated with platinum, in another - a level sensor. The dialysis solution is separately prepared by metered mixing of purified tap water and a special concentrate. In the indicated apparatus, the volume of dialysate is 3 liters.

The use of the proposed device for electrochemical purification of a dialysate solution in an electrolyzer made it possible to obtain a uniform stream of electrolytically purified dialysate containing a minimum amount of gaseous electrolysis products (with a purification degree of up to 95%) suitable for further use in the Artificial Kidney apparatus. , compact and reliable device.

Claims (1)

A device for electrochemical cleaning of a dialysis solution in an electrolyzer, comprising a housing with holes and nozzles for entering the dialysis solution and the outlet of a purified dialysis solution, as well as a gas outlet, parallel cathodes and anodes, a separation chamber, characterized in that two communicating between cameras, in one of which cathodes and anodes are placed, and in the other - a level sensor, and the lower contact of the level sensor is installed above the level of the outlet of the solution, and the upper one is below the level of the gas outlet, both chambers communicate with each other by two channels, the lower of which is located below the level of the outlet of the dialyzed solution, and the upper one is at the level of the gas outlet, while the gas outlet is connected to a valve having the ability to open when lowering the level of the dialysate solution below the lower contact of the level sensor and to close when the level of the dialysis solution rises to the upper contact of the level sensor.