RU2310038C1 - Method for quagmire and water-logged ground cleaning of oil and oil products - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: environment protection, particularly to clean water-logged territories to liquidate accidental oil spillage impacts.

SUBSTANCE: method for oil and oil products gathering from quagmire and water-logged ground in winter period after quagmire freezing involves providing quagmire freezing at negative temperature for depth below contamination depth by periodic snow removal from quagmire surface and removing contaminated ground-and-plant layer by sawing out sections including mazut-polluted surface layer and underlaying clean ground layer; transporting the cut-out sections to utilization facility.

EFFECT: increased simplicity and availability of difficult-to-access zone cleaning of oil and oil products, prevention of contaminant ingress in water during spring tide period.

2 cl, 5 dwg, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to the protection of the environment, and in particular to methods for cleaning swampy marshes during the response to emergency spills.

A known method of cleaning the water surface of reservoirs and marshes from oil and oil products by means of a self-propelled vehicle with an arrow with a gripping device mounted on it [RU, patent 2123087].

However, this method can be used in areas with stable soil.

A known method of cleaning swamps from oil pollution, including dividing the contaminated area into sections and removing oil pollution from the surface of the site using washing it off with a water stream [RU, patent 2142533].

The specified method does not allow to bring the degree of purification of wetlands to an oil concentration at which natural recovery is possible.

There is a comprehensive method for cleaning wetlands from oil and oil products [RU, patent 2217551], which consists in the phased cleaning of the swamp from the main and residual concentrations using the weather and climate factor. At the first stage, the main concentrations of oil pollution are collected from the surface of the swamp in the summer-autumn period by means of a buried floating scraper by its reciprocating movement using a traction mechanism from one trench to another. At the second stage, residual concentrations of oil pollution are removed from the site by washing it off with a water stream into the trench. At the third stage, the contaminated soil and plant layer is removed in the winter-spring period with a frozen swamp by means of a scraper knife mounted on runners, by its reciprocating movement from one trench to another using a traction mechanism.

The specified method allows you to clean the wetlands with an area of several hectares to a degree of contamination concentration of 500-3000 mg / kg, at which the processes of natural restoration of the soil and vegetation cover are successful and bioremediation with grass sowing is possible.

The specified method is effective in large areas where it is possible to deliver special equipment.

Almost all types of production of the oil complex are sources of environmentally hazardous environmental pollution. No other pollutant can be compared with oil and oil products in terms of distribution, number of sources and the degree of stress on all components of the environment. Oil pollution is not localized at the spill site, but penetrates deep into the soil and water bodies, spreads over the surface, evaporates into the atmosphere, violating the ecological balance in existing ecosystems. As a rule, in the regions of the Far North, from October to May, a negative temperature is established at which it is difficult to conduct soil cleaning. Known technologies for the restoration of oil-contaminated and disturbed lands are based on conducting soil cleaning processes only at positive temperatures. In case of emergency spills, it is especially important to prevent the entry of pollutants into water bodies. Currently, there is an urgent need to develop new treatment technologies that allow for the removal of oil pollution in the winter before the spring flood.

The objective of the present invention is to develop a new method for cleaning swampy marshes and wetlands from oil and oil products in the winter at low temperatures.

The technical result consists in the fact that the invention allows:

- a simple and affordable way to clean hard-to-reach areas (marshy swamps and wetlands) from oil and oil products in the winter;

- eliminate the ingress of pollutants into water bodies during the spring flood;

- carry out the cleaning of the soil (soil) to a degree of concentration of pollution not exceeding 30 mg / kg, at which the natural restoration of the soil and vegetation cover is carried out.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the method of cleaning swampy bogs and wetlands from oil and oil products, including removing contaminated soil and plant layer in the winter with a frozen swamp, according to the invention, the swamp is freezed at negative temperatures to a depth below the level of pollution by periodically cleaning it from snow, the removal of the contaminated layer is carried out by sawing out fragments containing an oiled surface layer and below lying uncontaminated th layer of the earth, followed by removal of the fragments to the location processing.

Additionally, in the spring-summer period, the remaining vegetation cover is fertilized with fertilizers.

Figure 1 shows the cleaning of contaminated swamps from snow; figure 2 - the process of cutting frozen fragments; figure 3 is a sawn fragment containing a contaminated layer and the underlying clean layer of earth; figure 4 - the process of excavation of fragments from the swamp; figure 5 - stored fragments, ready for transportation to the place of processing.

The method is as follows.

The claimed technology is mainly used in swampy swamps, where special equipment cannot pass.

In case of an emergency oil spill, the wetland area is cleaned of basic concentrates, preferably in the summer. Liquid sludge is pumped from the surface using pumps using intake devices. The collected oil is transported for further processing. After cleaning, oil residues, oiled peat and contaminated plant residues remain on the surface of the swamp. The swamp is divided into sections, determine the depth of soil impregnation with oil.

At the beginning of winter, the thickened oil remaining in the pits and recesses is scooped out manually with special scoops with drainage and then the swamp is frozen by periodically clearing snow, while the surface of the plot is covered with ice. When cleaning periodically determine the depth of freezing. The removal of the contaminated layer begins with a very frozen swamp (50-90 cm), while the freezing depth should be below the pollution level.

The process of sawing a frozen swamp into rectangular fragments is carried out using chainsaws, for example, chainsaws - the Urals, Uskvarna-calm. Propyl is carried out below the oil-saturated soil and plant layer, while oil pollution frozen at minus temperature, including oil clots, oil film, oiled vegetation and peat, is completely cut out along with ice and ice-cream from non-oil-soaked soil.

Sawed off fragments are removed from the wetland, stored and then transported to the place of processing with the help of a snowstorm. Processing of oiled pieces of ice and earth is carried out according to the technologies developed by the SPASF EMERCOM of Russia, OOO NATURE [RF patents No. 2244686, No. 2244685, application No. 2004115085].

Thus, the proposed method allows you to completely clean the swamp (wetland) from oil. Cleaning the marshes in winter to the spring flood allows to exclude the ingress of oil pollution into water bodies. In addition, a long winter in the Far North allows for the efficient cleaning of large areas.

In the spring-summer period after winter work, the remaining soil and vegetation cover is fertilized with fertilizers, for example, nitroammophos, azophos, ammonium nitrate, etc.

Example.

A swamp of 1 ha was cleared. The depth of soil infiltration is 30-45 cm. The oil concentration in the soil averaged 250,000 mg / kg. The swamp was frozen to a depth of 50-70 cm. The frozen frozen oil-soiled soil-plant layer (plant debris and peat) was sawn to clean soil with fragments of 50 × 50 cm in size. Then the pieces were removed, loaded onto a sled and transported on a snowstorm to the processing site.

After cleaning, the concentration of contamination averaged 15 mg / kg. In the spring, fertilizing with a complex mineral fertilizer, nitroammophos, was carried out on the cleaned area, and the restoration of the soil and vegetation cover was successful.

Using the new method in the Usinsky district, a territory of several hectares was restored during the winter period.

Claims (2)

1. A method of cleaning swampy bogs and wetlands from oil and oil products, including the removal of contaminated soil and plant layer in the winter with a frozen swamp, characterized in that the swamp is first frozen at negative temperatures to a depth below the level of pollution by periodically cleaning it from snow removal of the contaminated layer is carried out by sawing out fragments containing a contaminated surface layer and an underlying uncontaminated layer of earth, followed by removal of the fragments ents to the place of processing. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, in addition, in the spring-summer period, the remaining vegetation cover is fertilized with fertilizers.

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