RU2309902C2 - Method of production of high-quality potable water - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: production of potable water by extensive treatment and decontamination of water from weakly mineralized underwater sources by means of ozone sorption and vacuum ejection technique.

SUBSTANCE: proposed method includes filtration of starting water in grain filtering material, ozone treatment and regeneration of filtering material. Filtration is performed in four stages: at the first stage - through polymer sand grain material; at the second and third stages - through carbon grain material and at the fourth stage - through polymer material. Ozone treatment of water is also performed in four stages: at the first stage ozone treatment is performed with unreacted part of ozone-air mixture obtained after second and third stages of ozone treatment. Ozone treatment of polymer sand grain material is performed by ozone-air-water mixture obtained after ejector ozone treatment of starting water; at the second stage, ejector and reactor bubbling ozone treatment is performed by ozone-air-water mixture obtained after the first stage of ozone treatment. Circulating treatment of ozone-air-water mixture obtained after ejector ozone treatment of the second stage and ozone treatment of carbon grain material at capacity of pores of 0.5-1.0 cm³/g is performed by ozone-air-water mixture obtained after second stage of ozone treatment. At the third stage, use is made of ejector and reactor bubbling ozone treatment of ozone-air-water mixture obtained after the second stage of ozone treatment. Circulating treatment of ozone-air-water mixture obtained after ejector ozone treatment of the third stage and ozone treatment of carbon grain material at capacity of pores of 0.05-0.5 cm³/g and polymer disposable material at size of pores of 1.2 mcm is performed with ozone-air-water mixture obtained after the third stage of ozone treatment. At the fourth stage, use is made of ejector ozone treatment of ozone-air-water mixture obtained after the third stage of ozone treatment. During the last stage of ozone treatment, finish decontamination of containers, preservation of water and saturation of water with oxygen are performed. Regeneration of grain filtering material is performed in three stages. At the first stage, polymer sand grain material is subjected to back washing with ozone-air-water mixture obtained after the second stage of ozone treatment. At the second and third stages, carbon grain material at capacity of pores of 0.5-1.0 cm³/g and carbon grain material at capacity of pores of 0.05-0.5 cm³/g are subjected to back washing with ozone-air-water mixture obtained after the third stage of ozone treatment. Control of duration of circulating processes at the second and third stage of ozone treatment is performed depending on level of oxidizing-reducing potential of ozone-air-water treated at these stages.

EFFECT: high quality of water; protracted storage of water; enhanced sanitary and epidemiologic reliability of water treatment processes.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the production of drinking table water, in particular to multi-stage methods for treating drinking water by deep cleaning and disinfection using ozone-sorption and vacuum ejection equipment, and can be used in the preparation of water for bottling or bags of various capacities taken from weakly mineralized underground sources.

The well-known "Method of producing high-quality water and installation for its implementation" (patent RU No. 2059350, IPC C02F 1/68 according to the application of B. Adamovich et al. No. 93026863/26 of 05/19/1993, published on 04/27/1996. ), including distillation followed by mineralization of the distillate on a granular packing of carbonate-containing minerals and silvered activated carbon and disinfection of the resulting water-mineral mixture with hydrogen peroxide.

The main disadvantages of this method are: the complexity and high cost of implementation, unstable and suboptimal mineral composition of the resulting water-mineral mixture, as well as the low reliability of its disinfection.

The well-known "Method of purification of water for domestic consumption" (patent RU No. 2092452, C02F 1/78, C02F 1/42 according to the application Migalatiy E.V. et al. No. 95119943/25 from 11.21.1995, published 10.10.1997 g .), which includes the sequential passage of water through a membrane filter element and a carbon filter, which provides for two-stage ozonation, the first stage is the ozonation of water immediately after the membrane filter element, and the second stage uses ozone after the filter membrane to ozonate water after the carbon filter lementa.

The main disadvantages of this method are: low productivity and the mineral composition of the treated water, which is inadequate for daily use, inherent in membrane methods of filtering water, the possibility of biological fouling and bacterial contamination of a membrane that is not exposed to ozone disinfection, and low sanitary and epidemiological reliability of cleaning and disinfection of the source water for due to the use of a bubbler method of ozonation of water, characterized by a low degree of mixing ozone with the treated water at considerable scale bubble column and the significant time bubbling ozone, is about 12-20 minutes.

The well-known "Method of producing drinking water" (patent RU No. 2122982, C02F 9/00 according to the application of Goncharuk V.V. and others No. 97110995/25 dated 06/27/1997, published on 12/10/1998), including disinfection of the original natural water with oxidizing agents in several stages in combination with physicochemical processes, the primary disinfection being carried out with an oxidizing agent - ozone, the reagent treatment is carried out in pressure flotation mode using a coagulant as a flotation reagent, the secondary treatment is carried out with an oxidizing agent - ozone, filtering is carried out through ivny coal, and finishing the purified water disinfection carried oxidant - chlorine.

The main disadvantages of this method are:

1. The complexity and low reliability in the operation of a reagent farm, including: a mixer with mechanical mixers, a coagulant solution dispenser, a flocculation chamber, a flotation column, a throttling device and a saturator for saturated air to be treated with water.

2. Low productivity due to the considerable duration of the full cycle of technological operations provided for in a known manner (primary ozonation - more than 7 minutes, coagulation, flotation and flocculation - more than 30 minutes, secondary ozonation - 15 minutes, disinfection with chlorine for 40 minutes).

3. The low quality of drinking water supplied to the consumer due to the presence in it of aluminum salts, dissolved chlorine and its compounds.

4. Low sanitary and epidemiological reliability of purification and disinfection of source water through the use of a bubbler method of primary and secondary ozonation of water, characterized by a low degree of mixing of ozone with the treated water with a significant size of the bubble column and a significant ozone bubbling time of more than 30 minutes.

The well-known "Method of purification of natural water" (patent RU No. 2238916, C02F 9/12 according to the application of BM Baloyan No. 2003131161/15 of 23.10.2003, published on 27.10.2004), including the treatment of water with an oxidizing agent in an aerator (air (ozone, etc.), filtration through inert loading in countercurrent mode through a moving loading layer in a filtering device equipped with an air lift, washing of the loading carried out at the top of the device simultaneously with water filtration, and final disinfection of purified water with ultraviolet (UV) radiation

The main disadvantages of this method are:

1. The low efficiency of the processes of oxidation of contaminants and disinfection through the use of aeration method of natural treated water, characterized by a low degree of mixing of oxidizing agents with treated water with a significant size of the aeration column and auxiliary aeration equipment.

2. The low sanitary and epidemiological reliability of disinfection of natural water through the use of finish disinfection of purified water with UV radiation, which has the following disadvantages:

- lack of prolonged action;

- the presence of only a disinfecting effect;

- the inability to deactivate protozoa (giardia lamblia cysts and cryptosporidia cysts LLC), helminths, viruses (hepatitis A, polio, leptosporosis, etc.) and some dangerous bacteria (Pseudom. aeruginosa and Mycobacterium tuberculisis);

- the limited disinfecting effectiveness of UV radiation depending on the degree of transparency and color of the treated water, the percentage of iron and manganese salts in it, as well as the presence of colloidal particles, etc .;

- the need for monthly chemical cleaning of optical covers from mineral deposits and biological fouling (protozoa colonies, microalgae and saprophytes in the form of mucous deposits), as well as their disinfection;

- the ineffectiveness of the UV radiation used in the practice of drinking water supply at a wavelength of 250-260 nm with the claimed radiation power of 16 mJ / cm ² (due to the loss of UV lamp emission over time, the clouding of lamp bulbs from the mechanical effects of suspensions and deposits mineral and organic substances - the density of UV radiation in the treated water does not exceed 30-35% of the claimed).

The well-known "Method of water purification with a high content of metal salts" (patent RU No. 2209777, C02F 1/78 according to the application of the Space Scientific and Practical Center named after Khrunichev No. 20011119652/12 dated July 18, 2001, published August 10, 2003), providing for preliminary ozonation of the initial water with an ozone-air mixture for 15 minutes to a residual concentration of ozone in water of 0.1 mg / l, followed by the selection of part of the ozone-water mixture for recirculation, as well as adjusting its flow rate in a ratio of 3: 1 with respect to the source water.

The main disadvantages of this method are:

- low efficiency of disinfection of the source water due to the use of a recirculation scheme for using the ozone-water mixture from the outlet of the reactor block, which has not undergone purification on mechanical and sorption filters;

- low speed associated with the need for preliminary ozonation of the source water with an ozone-air mixture for 15 minutes to a residual concentration of ozone in water of 0.1 mg / l;

- low epidemiological reliability and efficiency of the method with an increase in the degree of chemical and bacteriological contamination of the source water.

The well-known "Method for producing Baikal drinking water" (patent RU No. 2045478, C02F 1/00 according to the application of the Limnological Institute of the SB RAS No. 5049273/26 of 06.22.1992, published on 10.10.1995), including the intake of water from a layer of deep water Lake Baikal, pre-treatment of water by coarse filtration, fine purification by filtration through a system of filters with successively decreasing pore diameters, subsequent sterilization of water with ozone or UV radiation, pouring into sterile containers, the free space of which is filled with an oxygen-ozone mixture, packing CGS atmospheric held by filtration cleaning.

The main disadvantages of this method are:

- the possibility of biological fouling of filters of coarse and fine cleaning, including the possibility of propagation of pathogenic microflora on them, because their disinfection with ozone or UV radiation is not provided;

- low epidemiological reliability and effectiveness of the implementation of the known method due to the lack of sorption treatment of water after ozone sterilization of water and containers, which makes the use of ozone ineffective for disinfection and sterilization of drinking water. It is known (see "Ozonation of water", Kozhinov V.F. et al. M., Stroyizdat, 1974 and "Theoretical Foundations of Water Conditioning", Kulsky LA, Kiev, Naukova Dumka, 1983) that upon ozonation of the treated water without the use of sorption on activated carbon in the treated water, a significant amount of products of incomplete oxidation of pollutants, including carcinogens and mutagens, appears. In this case, the products of ozonolysis (products of incomplete oxidation of contaminants by ozone, peroxides and active radicals) will be able to enter the purified water and the consumer. And when using sorption filters on activated carbons in the process of ozonation of treated water, firstly, effective sorption of ozonolysis products is carried out, secondly, the interaction time of ozone with treated water is increased due to the developed surface of activated carbons and, thirdly, a catalytic effect occurs ozone absorption, significantly increasing the oxidizing ability of ozone.

By its technical essence, the closest to the claimed method (prototype) is the "Method of producing drinking water" (patent RU No. 2083506, C02F 1/78, according to the application of Surovikin V.F. and others No. 95106387/25 of 04.24.1995, , published on July 10, 1997).

The known method includes preliminary ozonation of water by bubbling through dispersants, providing an ozone concentration of 1.5-10 g / m ³ followed by reactor treatment of the ozone-water mixture for 25-30 minutes, 2-stage filtration through a granular filtering carbon material, and in the first stage the initial water is filtered through a mesoporous carbon material with a grain size of 1.0-3.5 mm for 10-15 minutes, in the second stage, the water purified in the first stage is filtered through a mesoporous carbon material with a grain size of 0.5-2.5 mm in t 25-30 min, secondary ozonation of water by bubbling through dispersants, the main regeneration of carbon material of the first and second stages of water filtration by water flow from the bottom up with simultaneous air supply for 20-30 minutes with a frequency of 24 hours and additional regeneration of carbon material of the second stage of water filtration of water -air mixture from the bottom up for 15-30 minutes, boiling it in water, heated by supplying steam with a temperature of 120-200 ° C for 20-60 minutes, a frequency of 240-360 hours, as well as a finishing regeneration w carbon material of the second stage water filtering water-air mixture from the bottom up for 15-30 minutes.

The disadvantages of this method are:

- low reliability and operational safety of the implementation of the method due to the complexity of the used technological equipment - pressure-type ozonizers, bubbler mixing columns with dispersants, a compressor station and a steam boiler plant;

- the possibility of part of unreacted ozone (a chemical of the first hazard class, the maximum permissible concentration of which in the air of the working zone is about 0.1 mg ozone / m ³ air) getting into the air of the working zone, which is associated with the use of pressure-sensitive technology of ozone treatment and the absence of ozone destructors ;

- low sanitary and epidemiological reliability of cleaning and disinfection of the source water, which is confirmed by the following arguments:

1. The lack of objective instrumental monitoring of the current dissolved ozone in the treated water, which does not allow to optimize the processes of ozone water treatment and to ensure sanitary and epidemiological reliability of the treatment and disinfection of the source water.

2. The inefficiency of the use of ozone in connection with the use of the ozone treatment method of source water by ozonation of ozone through dispersants, characterized by a low degree of mixing of ozone with the treated water. When bubbling through dispersants with treated water, no more than 60-70% of the ozone supplied through dispersants is mixed, and unreacted ozone accumulates in the ceiling parts of the mixing columns and the first storage tank, creating ozone-air cushions that impede effective mixing of ozone with the treated water and create additional back pressure pumping systems.

3. The implementation of the main regeneration of the granular filter material of the first and second stages of water filtration with water flow from the bottom up with the simultaneous supply of non-sterile air for 20-30 minutes and a frequency of 24 hours. Due to the fact that during such regeneration the supply of the ozone-air mixture to the mixing columns is stopped, and air from the compressor is supplied to the regeneration line of the filter material, the sterility of the filter carbon material acquired during its ozone treatment is violated. Firstly, bacteria can be contained in ordinary atmospheric air supplied by the compressor, including saprophytes and pathogenic microflora, and secondly, non-sterile oil vapors from the compressor itself.

Thus, from the prior art it follows that the known methods for the preparation of drinking water do not completely eliminate the problem of improving the quality of drinking water by increasing the level of sanitary and epidemiological reliability of the processes of purification and disinfection of source water.

The objective of the present invention is to develop a method for producing high-quality drinking water by increasing the level of sanitary and epidemiological reliability of the processes of purification and disinfection of source water.

The problem is solved by the described method for producing high-quality drinking water, which includes multi-stage processes of ozone treatment and filtering of the source water in the filtering granular material, as well as the regeneration of the filtering granular material.

We introduce the definitions.

1. Ozone treatment of drinking water - the intense saturation of drinking water with ozone obtained in a special ozone generator by the action of a high-voltage electric discharge on oxygen in the surrounding air.

2. Ejection ozone treatment of drinking water - intense saturation of ozone with drinking water entering the internal cavity of the ejector mixer (a device widely used in science and technology) due to hydrodynamic and mass transfer processes.

3. Reactor-bubbling ozone treatment of drinking water - intensive saturation of drinking water with ozone due to the bubbling effect in the reactor vessel filled with drinking water (cylindrical or other shape), into the lower part of which the ozone-air-water mixture is supplied from the outlet of the ejector mixer under overpressure and small bubbles of the ozone-air part of the incoming mixture sparge (float) into the upper part of the reactor vessel.

4. Circulation treatment of the ozone-air-water mixture — intensive saturation of drinking water with ozone due to repeated circulation of the ozone-air-water mixture in a closed pipeline using a circulation (low-pressure) pump.

5. Granular filtering material - sand or synthetic chips, in terms of particle size distribution, satisfying the technical requirements of the relevant regulatory documents.

6. Polymer sandy granular material with a pore size of 50-100 microns - a composition obtained by pressing and heat treating a mixture consisting of quartz sand of a certain particle size distribution and epoxy in strictly defined proportions. The State Unitary Enterprise Research Center Ecotechnika is issued (Rostov-on-Don) in accordance with TU 4859-001-40545057-98 and the sanitary and epidemiological report No. 77.99.04.485. D.004448.07.02 of 07.10.2002 in the form of thin-walled cylindrical cartridges .

7. Carbon granular material with a pore capacity of 0.5-1.0 cm ³ / g - commercially available activated carbon, anthracite crumb of the Purolat type (produced by Obukhovskaya Mine, Rostov Region), etc.

8. Polymer material with a pore size of 1-2 microns - polypropylene or polyester cartridges, mass-produced by many enterprises in Russia. The term of use of these cartridges is limited by their dirt capacity and is determined by manufacturers.

9. Backwashing of the filter material (granular, polymer sand, carbon granular) - is carried out by the reverse flow of purified (flushing) water under a certain pressure for a strictly defined time (filter cycle time).

10. Regeneration of the granular filter material - restoration of the specified filtering properties of the granular filter material by backwashing it with clean water or special water mixtures, for example, an ozone-air-water mixture.

11. The level of redox potential is the value of the redox potential (Eh), characterizing the oxidizing ability of water in relation to microbiological pollutants. For example, with an Eh of the test water greater than 600 mV, the water is considered to be proliferated, and with an Eh of more than 800 mV the test water is considered sterile.

The process of obtaining high-quality drinking water is as follows.

The filtration of the source water is carried out in four stages, passing it in the first stage through a polymer-sandy granular material with a pore size of 50-100 μm, in the second stage through a carbon granular material with a pore capacity of 0.5-1.0 cm ³ / g, in the third stage - through a carbon granular material with a pore capacity of 0.05-0.5 cm ³ / g, in the fourth stage through a polymeric material of single use with a pore size of 1-2 microns.

The ozone treatment of the source water is carried out in four stages, using the ejection ozone treatment of the source water in the first stage with the unreacted part of the ozone-air mixture obtained after the second and third stages of ozone treatment, as well as the ozone treatment of polymer-sandy granular material with the ozone-air-water mixture obtained after ejector water-ozone using the ejector and reactor-bubbler ozone treatment of the ozone-air-water mixture obtained after the first stage of ozone treatment in the second stage and, the circulation treatment of the ozone-air-water mixture obtained after ejection ozone treatment of the second stage, as well as the ozone treatment of carbon granular material with a pore capacity of 0.5-1.0 cm ³ / g of the ozone-air-water mixture obtained after the second stage of ozone treatment using the ejector and reactor-bubbler ozone treatment of the ozone-air-water mixture obtained after the second stage of ozone treatment in the third stage, the circulation treatment of the ozone-air-water mixture obtained after the ejection ozone treatment rubs stage, as well as ozone treatment of a carbon granular material with a pore capacity of 0.05-0.5 cm ³ / g and a single-use polymer material with a pore size of 1-2 μm by an ozone-air-water mixture obtained after the third stage of ozone treatment using the fourth stage of ejection ozone treatment of the ozone-air-water mixture obtained after the third stage of ozone treatment.

The regeneration of the granular filter material is carried out in three stages, using the back washing of the polymer-sand granular material in the first stage with the ozone-water mixture obtained after the second ozone treatment step, using the back washing of the carbon granular material with a pore capacity of 0.5-1.0 in the second and third stages cm ³ / g and carbon granular material with a pore capacity of 0.05-0.5 cm ³ / g ozone-air-water mixture obtained after the third stage of ozone treatment.

The duration of the circulation processes and the concentration of ozone in the second and third stages of ozone treatment are regulated depending on the level of redox potential of the ozone-air-water mixture processed at these stages.

The drawing shows a diagram of the implementation of the proposed method for producing high-quality drinking water.

The source water is pumped 1 to a multi-nozzle ejector mixer 2, in which the first stage of ozone treatment of the source water is carried out - it is intensively mixed with unreacted ozone-air mixture coming from contact columns 3 and 13. Then, the resulting ozone-air-water mixture enters the polymer-sandy granular filter 4, in which the ozone treatment of the source water continues, the first stage of filtration of the mechanical particles polluting it with a size of more than 100 microns is carried out, and the decontamination itself 4. Filtering Next the treated water flows into the ejector mixer 5 connected to the ozone generator ozonoprovodom 6. From ejector mixer 5, in which the source water ozonoobrabotka, including oxidation of organic impurities, iron, manganese, etc., the treated water enters the contact column 3, where the process of oxidation of impurities continues, flocculation of the oxidation products and partial deaeration of the ozone-air-water mixture occur.

When the water level reaches the upper working level of the contact string 3, the upper level sensor (not shown in the diagram) using electromagnetic switches of the type of work (not shown in the diagram) switches the pump 1 to the circulation mode, while the source water stops flowing into the main processing branch ( through a mechanical filter 4 and an ejector mixer 5 into a contact column 3), and the ozone-air-water mixture from the deep part of the contact column 3 through a pump 1 is fed through the first suction inlet (not shown in the diagram) nogosoplovogo ejector mixer 2 imperforate portion (not shown in the diagram) of the circulation pipe 7 located outside the contact tower 3, and then a perforated portion of the circulation pipe 7 disposed on the inner perimeter of the bottom of the contact tower 3 (not shown in the diagram).

In addition, regardless of the level of the ozone-air-water mixture in the contact column 13, the unreacted ozone-air mixture in it will flow through the second suction inlet (not shown in the diagram) of the multi-nozzle ejector mixer 2 into the non-perforated section (not shown in the diagram) of the circulation pipeline 7.

Thus, at the second stage of ozone treatment of the source water, ejection and reactor-bubble bubbling ozone treatment of the ozone-air-water mixture obtained after the first stage of ozone treatment is performed, as well as the circulation treatment of the ozone-air-water mixture obtained in the second stage.

The duration of the circulation process and the concentration of ozone in the treated ozone-air-water mixture at the second stage of ozone treatment are controlled by a redox potential sensor 8 located in the lower inner part of the contact column 3 and electrically connected to the electronic control unit 9, depending on the level of oxidation -recovery potential of the processed ozone-air-water mixture.

It is known (article "Ozonation in water treatment systems" in the journal "Plumbing", No. 3, 2001, authors Pomozov IM, Mozhaev L.V. et al., Scientific and Technical Center "Ozone", Moscow) with an increase in the chemical and bacterial contamination of controlled water, its redox potential (or in other literary sources — the redox potential — Eh) decreases, and the standard water quality corresponds to a well-defined range of Eh values.

In this regard, it is envisaged to regulate the concentration of ozone in the treated water in inversely proportional to Eh outside the specified range of values corresponding to standard water quality. The range of values of the Eh indicator, which determines the regulation, is set based on the guaranteed water quality.

In order to be able to control the chemical and bacterial contamination of the treated water, the water Eh is continuously measured with a potentiometric device having a millivolt scale.

At the level of redox potential (Eh) of the treated water in the range of 650-750 mV, reliable disinfection of the treated water is guaranteed. At an Eh level equal to or more than 800 mV, it is possible to fully sterilize the treated water.

In the widespread designs of modern ozone generators, the ozone concentration at the output of the ozone generator is directly proportional to the frequency of the supply voltage.

Thus, by changing the frequency of the supply voltage of the ozone generator, it is possible to control the ozone concentration at the output of the ozone generator, which determines the concentration of ozone in the treated water, and to obtain water of the required quality according to the level of chemical and bacterial contamination.

For example, if the Eh of the treated water decreases below 650 mV (the standard quality Eh level of drinking water), the frequency of the ozone generator increases, which allows increasing the ozone concentration at the outlet of the ozone generator and, accordingly, in the purified water, and also intensifies the oxidation and mass transfer processes in the purified water, which means to increase the degree of purification and disinfection of purified water.

When Eh of purified water reaches a predetermined interval, for example, 700 mV, the frequency of supply of the ozone generator is reduced, which allows to reduce the ozone concentration at the output of the ozone generator and, accordingly, in the purified water, which allows to slow down the oxidation and mass transfer processes.

In practice, the purification of drinking water and the disinfection of the most resistant organisms, sometimes found in surface and underground waters, it is generally accepted to characterize the process of complete disinfection of treated water by the coefficient CT, where C is the ozone concentration, mg / l, and T is the contact time, min. Ozone acts hundreds of times faster than chlorine, for example, on polyviruses, Coxsackie viruses, intestinal viruses, acanthus amoeba Nagleria fowleri, giardia lamblia and cryptosporidium parvum. Ozone also provides additional protection against bacteria such as streptococci and pseudomonads.

The CT coefficients required for 99% deactivation of bacteria and viruses in the temperature range of 5-25 ° C are presented in the table:

Microorganisms Ozone pH 6-7 Chlorine pH 6-7 Chloramine pH 8-9 Chlorine Dioxide pH 6-7 Intestinal bacteria E. Coli 0.02 0.03-0.05 95-180 0.4-180 Poliovirus 1 0.1-0.2 1.1-2.5 770-3500 0.2-6.7 Rotavirus 0.006-0.06 0.01-0.05 2810-6480 0.2-2.1 Giardia Giardia 0.5-1.6 30-150 750-2200 10-36 Cryptosporidium (llc) cysts 2.5-18.4 7200 7200 78

This table clearly shows that ozone is by far the strongest disinfectant and the only one capable of effectively deactivating bacteria, viruses, colonies and 000 colonies of protozoan parasites.

The dependence of the ozone ST factor on the degree of inactivation of bacteria and water temperature at pH 6 ÷ 9 is given in the table:

The level of inactivation of bacteria (number of orders) Water temperature, ° С 0.5 5 10 fifteen twenty 25 0.5 lgI 0.53 0.44 0.37 0.27 0.2 0.13 1.0 lgI 1.13 0.67 0.53 0.47 0.35 0.2 2.0 lgI 2.2 1.33 1.13 0.87 0.67 0.53 3.0 lgI 3.0 2.0 1,67 1.3 1,0 0.67

Depending on the required degree of bacterial inactivation, as well as the price-quality ratio during the ozone treatment of drinking water, two types of control action are used: regulation of the interaction time of ozone with the treated water (“T”) or regulation of ozone concentration (“C”) at the output of the used ozone generator . In the first case, it is advisable to adjust the flow rate of the treated water by, for example, the frequency control of the rotation speed of the pump motor. In the second case, it is advisable to control the concentration of ozone by, for example, regulating the frequency of the electric voltage supplying the ozone generator.

The regulation of the duration of the circulation process and the concentration of ozone in the treated ozone-air-water mixture at the second stage of ozone treatment is as follows.

When the level of redox potential (Eh) of the processed ozone-air-water mixture is less than 650 mV from the redox potential sensor 8, an electric signal that carries information about the dissolved ozone content in the processed ozone-air-water mixture is supplied through the redox potential converter (to the circuit is not shown), which generates a standard electrical control signal, to an electronic control unit 9, which generates two frequency control signals with which, firstly, the control and circulating the process by the action of the first frequency control signal to the motor speed controller (not shown in the diagram) of the pump 1 and, secondly, to control the ozone concentration at the outlet of the ozone generator 6 by the action of the second frequency control signal to a control input of the ozone generator 6.

It should be noted that at the level of redox potential (Eh) of the treated ozone-air-water mixture above 650 mV achieved in the previous stages of ozone treatment, the need for ozone treatment in the subsequent stages does not disappear for the following reasons:

1. The life time of ozone before it is converted to oxygen, depending on the temperature of the treated water, is limited to a period of time from several minutes to tens of minutes.

2. Not all ozone is dissolved in the treated water and reacts with chemical and biological pollution, part of the ozone is released into the atmosphere through ozone destructors during partial deaeration of the ozone-air-water mixture in contact columns 3 and 13.

3. The decomposition of organic substances, filtered or sorbed by filter media, to carbon dioxide and water is not carried out by ozone instantly, ie significant exposure and concentration (or multiple exposures) of ozone are required.

4. Ozone that has not reacted with chemical or biological contaminants in the treated water, decomposes to oxygen, only improves the organoleptic properties of the treated water (there is a taste of spring water).

5. Backwashing of polymer-sandy granular material, carbon granular material with a pore capacity of 0.5-1.0 cm ³ / g and carbon granular material with a pore capacity of 0.05-0.5 cm ³ / g, carried out by ozone-air-water the mixture obtained after the corresponding stages of ozone treatment also requires an additional ozone consumption (excess), which is difficult to calculate under conditions of variable chemical and biological composition of contaminants in the treated water and uncontrolled intake of putrefactive tanks from the ambient air terium (saprophytes).

6. Mass transfer processes occurring during the dissolution of ozone in water and during the interaction of ozone with chemical or biological contaminants are very inertial when implementing an automatic control system with feedback (supply of unreacted ozone from the exits of the final stages of the ozone treatment system to the inputs of the previous stages of this system) there is a transport delay in the automatic control system. In this case, an excess of ozone is preferable to optimize the disinfection of the treated water.

When the treated water (as a result of the flow of purified water) reaches the lower working level of the contact string 3, the lower level sensor (not shown in the diagram) using electromagnetic switches of the kind of work (not shown in the diagram) switches the pump 1 to the main mode described above.

From the contact column 3, the water treated in it is pumped 10 to a sorption filter 11 filled with carbon granular material with a pore capacity of 0.5-1.0 cm ³ / g, at which the impurities continue to oxidize and the second stage of filtration and sorption of ozonolysis products is carried out. Then, the treated water enters through an ejector mixer 12, in which the third stage of ozone treatment of the source water is carried out - the oxidation of the most persistent organic impurities, to the contact column 13, where the process of oxidation of the impurities is completed and the deaeration of the ozone-air-water mixture continues.

When the water level reaches the upper working level of the contact string 13, the upper level sensor (not shown in the diagram) using electromagnetic switches of the kind of work (not shown in the diagram) switches the pump 10 into circulation mode, while the source water ceases to flow into the main branch of its processing ( through the sorption filter 11 and the ejector mixer 12 into the contact column 13), and the ozone-air-water mixture from the deep part of the contact column 13 using the pump 10 will be fed into the non-perforated area (in the diagram shown) of the circulation pipe 14 located outside the contact string 13, and then into the perforated section of the circulation pipe 14 located around the perimeter of the inner lower part of the contact string 13 (not shown in the diagram). Thus, in the third stage of ozone treatment of the source water, ejector and bubble-jet ozone treatment of the ozone-air-water mixture obtained after the second stage of ozone treatment is carried out, as well as the circulation treatment of the ozone-air-water mixture obtained in the third stage.

The duration of the circulation process in the third stage of ozone treatment is controlled using a redox potential sensor 15 located in the lower inner part of the contact column 13 and electrically connected to the electronic control unit 9, depending on the level of redox potential of the processed ozone-air-water mixture ( similar to that described above for the second stage of ozone treatment).

From the contact column 13, the water treated in it is pumped 16 to a sorption filter 17 filled with carbon granular material with a pore capacity of 0.05-0.5 cm ³ / g, in which the third stage of filtration is carried out and the products of ozonolysis are sorbed, and then to cartridge filter 18, filled with a polymer material with a pore size of 1-2 microns, where the fourth stage of filtration is carried out - the so-called "polishing" filtration. Carefully purified and disinfected water from the outlet of the cartridge filter 18 enters through a multi-nozzle ejector mixer 19, in which the fourth stage of ozone treatment of the source water is carried out, to the filling and packaging unit (not shown) of high-quality drinking water. In addition, the use of the last stage of ozone treatment allows the final decontamination of PET and polycarbonate containers, the conservation of water and its saturation with oxygen due to the decomposition of ozone, which did not react at the previous stages of ozone treatment.

The regeneration of the granular filter material is carried out in three stages, at the first stage, backwashing the polymer-sand grain filter 4 (with a pore size of 50-100 μm) using the washing pump 20 with an ozone-water mixture obtained in the contact column 3 as a result of the second ozone treatment stage. In the second stage, the backwash of the sorption filter 11 (with a pore capacity of 0.5-1.0 cm ³ / g) is carried out using the washing pump 21 with the ozone-water mixture obtained in the contact column 13 as a result of the third stage of ozone treatment. In the third stage, the backwash of the sorption filter 17 (with a pore capacity of 0.05-0.5 cm ³ / g) is carried out using the main pump 16 with the ozone-water mixture obtained in the contact column 13 as a result of the third stage of ozone treatment, by switching electromagnetic valves (not shown in the diagram), forming a reversible version of the filter switching circuit 17. The polymer material filling the cartridge filter 18 is periodically replaced in accordance with the instructions for its use.

The implementation of the proposed method allows to obtain high-quality drinking water, saturated with oxygen, with a long storage time, as well as to improve the sanitary and epidemiological reliability of technological processes for the purification and disinfection of high-quality drinking water.

The significance of the differences and advantages of the proposed method is determined by the following technical solutions, which together make it possible to increase the sanitary and epidemiological reliability of the processes for purification and disinfection of drinking water when implementing the proposed method:

1. Placing at the entrance of the main hydraulic line of the installation that implements the proposed method, a mechanical polymer-sand granular filter 4 with a pore size of 50-100 μm can improve the operational reliability of the entire installation. This excludes the influx of mechanical impurities with a particle size of more than 100 μm from the source water into the contact column 3 and the sorption filter 11, which increases the efficiency of subsequent cascades of the installation.

2. The use of the feedback method, for the implementation of which the unreacted parts of the water-ozone-air mixtures from the outputs of the contact columns 3 and 13 are fed through the corresponding fittings through the feedback pipelines to the suction inlets of the multi-nozzle ejector mixer 2, allows not only more efficient use of ozone that has not reacted to contact columns 3 and 13, but also to further disinfect the mechanical polymer-sandy granular filter 4, on which microflora propagation is possible during operation, including and pathogenic, as well as reduce the amount of ozone to be decomposed on ozone destructors located on the "breathing" pipes (not shown in the diagram) of the contact columns 3 and 13.

3. The placement at the beginning of the main hydraulic line of the multi-nozzle ejector mixer 2 of the original design allows the effective pre-ozonization process, i.e. mixing the water-ozone-air mixture from the outputs of the contact columns 3 and 13 with the source of treated water, providing a given throughput of the main hydraulic line, without causing significant pressure losses in it.

4. The implementation in the contact column 3 of the circulation treatment of the ozone-air-water mixture obtained after the second stage of ozone treatment, as well as in the contact column 13 of the circulation treatment of the ozone-air-water mixture obtained after the third stage of ozone treatment, can increase the interaction time of ozone with the original water, thereby increasing the degree of purification and disinfection of the source water.

5. The use of regulation of the concentration of residual ozone in the treated water in the contact columns 3 and 13 using the Eh potential makes it possible to optimize the circulation processes of the oxidation of pollutants and disinfection of the initial water over the ozone treatment time, guaranteeing reliable disinfection of the treated water.

6. Placing a multi-nozzle ejector mixer 19 at the end of the main hydraulic line allows not only the final disinfection of the treated water with ozone, but also the disinfection of polyethylene or polycarbonate containers in the filling units, as well as an additional positive effect - to saturate the water that is poured into the container with oxygen obtained for due to the natural destruction of ozone dissolved in water with the formation of oxygen. In addition, the use of a multi-nozzle ejector mixer 19 of an original design allows you to provide a given throughput of the water bottling line, without causing significant pressure losses in it.

Production testing of the “Method for producing high-quality drinking water” was carried out by the inventor on the river tanker Oleg Davidenko of the enterprise OJSC Rosmortrans (Rostov-on-Don) during its launch in May 2005 and when it was put into operation shop for bottling high-quality drinking water "Aqua-Ogib" in the village. The bend of the Ust-Donetsk region of the Rostov region in September 2005

On the river tanker “Oleg Davidenko” the following were used: source water capacity of 15 m ³ , a clean water tank of 1.2 m ³ , ship hydrophore (receiver), an ozone generator with an ozone productivity of 1.0 g / h and the main multi-stage units installation of deep tertiary treatment and disinfection of drinking water with a water capacity of up to 1.0 m ³ / h, which implements the proposed method.

In 1995, the aforementioned tanker was equipped with the Ozon-0.5 UT drinking water preparation station (ozone productivity - 5 g / h), manufactured by JSC Central Design Bureau Scientific and Production Organization Sudoremont (Nizhny Novgorod) according to the invention of Gorkovsky employees Institute of Water Transport Engineers (V.L.Etin, L.A. Khudyakov, A.S. Kurnikov and others. Copyright certificate for the invention of the USSR No. 1574545 by application No. 4375606 / 27-26 of 12/10/1987). Due to unsatisfactory sanitary and epidemiological reliability of operation - gas contamination of the engine room by ozone and unsatisfactory bacteriological indicators arising due to the short time of interaction of the treated water with ozone, the Ozone-0.5 UT unit was first mothballed and then dismantled altogether.

The installation on the Oleg Davidenko tanker that implements the proposed method was put into operation by representatives of the River Register and the territorial administration of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare in the Rostov Region in May 2005 (sanitary and epidemiological report No. 61. RC.06.06.T.kh. 05.05 from 05.14.2005).

In the summer of 2005, in the village of Ogib in the Ust-Donetsk region of the Rostov Region, a multistage ozone deep treatment and disinfection unit for artesian water was mounted, adjusted and put into production as part of the bottling line, which implements the proposed “Method for producing high-quality drinking water”.

In the bottling shop, located several tens of meters from artesian well No. 122 210 m deep, the source water undergoes multi-stage purification on the original Russian ozonation water treatment equipment, where it is freed from organic, inorganic and biological impurities while maintaining the concentration of natural minerals and taste. The installation used an ozone generator with an ozone productivity of 5.0 g / h, as well as the main units of a multi-stage installation for deep tertiary treatment and disinfection of drinking water with a water capacity of up to 6.0 m ³ / h, which implements the proposed “Method for producing high-quality drinking water”.

The technology of highly effective purification of artesian water, which implements the proposed method, provides a 100% guarantee of the quality of the obtained Aqua-Ogib drinking water and its epidemic safety, allowing you to drink it without boiling.

Obtained by the proposed method, the water "Aqua-Ogib" containing the optimal concentration of vital elements, safe for health and optimal in quality. It has physiological usefulness in the content of the main biologically necessary macro- and microelements (in mg / l): calcium - 30-40, magnesium - 10-20, potassium - 5-10, sodium - 15-20, chlorides - 20-50, sulfates - 10-20, hydrocarbonates - 100-120, fluorine - 0.6-0.8, oxygen - 10-15. The total hardness of the Aqua-Ogib water is 1.5-2.0 mEq / L, and the total salinity is 280-350 mg / L.

Due to its balanced composition, Aqua-Ogib drinking water is well perceived by the body and is suitable for long-term storage.

In July 2005, the Aqua-Ogib drinking water was recognized by the territorial administration of Rospotrebnadzor in the Rostov Region and the accredited laboratory of the Rostov Certification Center Dontest that meets the requirements of SanPiN 2.1.4.1116-02 “Drinking Water. Hygienic requirements for the quality of water packaged in containers. Quality control ”, as well as the requirements for drinking water of the World Health Organization, which is reflected in the following documents:

1. Sanitary-and-epidemiological conclusion No. 61. RC.02.0218.M.003185.07.05 dated July 29, 2005 to the bottling workshop “Artesian drinking water“ Aqua-Ogib ”.

2. Sanitary and epidemiological conclusion No. 61. RC.02.0218.T.001056.07.05 dated July 29, 2005 on the technical specifications TU 0131-001-81639831-05 “Artesian drinking water“ Aqua-Ogib ”.

3. Sanitary and epidemiological conclusion No. 61. RC.02.0218.P.002343.07.05 dated July 29, 2005 on "Artesian Drinking Water" Aqua-Ogib ".

4. Certificate of Conformity No. РОСС RU АУ 44.В 03506 dated August 3, 2005 for serial production of "Artesian Drinking Water" Aqua-Ogib "according to TU 0131-001-81639831-05.

5. Certificate on state registration of "Artesian drinking water" Aqua-Ogib "dated 08.12.2005, No. 61. RC.01.0118.U.000007.12.05.

Aqua-Ogib artesian drinking water has been awarded a number of awards:

- a silver medal of the international exhibition "Equatek 2006" (Moscow, June 2006);

- Honorary Diploma of the exhibition "The Best Goods of the Don" (Rostov n / A, June 2006;

- silver medal “Quality Leader” of the 10th anniversary Forum “Hospitable Rostov” (Rostov n / D, September 13-16, 2006);

- Diploma of the International Exhibition "Pure Production - 2006" and the competition "Environmentally Friendly and Safe Products" (Moscow, November 2006);

- a medal of the international environmental forum “Environmentally Safe Products” (certificate No. 798 of November 5, 2006, Moscow, November 2006), with the right to place the logo of the international environmental forum on manufactured products;

- Diploma (No. 20066610101501 dated November 15, 2006) of the Federal Competition “Best Goods of Russia 2006” with the right to use the competition logo for 2 years.

Due to the exceptional quality of Aqua-Ogib drinking water, as well as the perfectly balanced content of mineral salts and trace elements, it is well perceived by the body and is suitable for long-term storage.

Thus, a comparative analysis of the proposed "Method for producing high-quality drinking water" with the prototype and with other solutions in the art shows that the set of features set forth in the patent formula is not known from the existing level of technology, on the basis of which it can be concluded that it meets the criterion inventions "novelty".

Moreover, the set of essential features set forth in the formula does not follow explicitly for a specialist from the existing level of technology, which allows us to conclude that the proposed solution meets the second criterion of the invention “inventive step”.

The compliance of the proposed solution with the criterion of the invention “industrial applicability” is evident from the above description of the operation of the installation that implements the proposed method, and the fact of its application in 2005 on the aforementioned river tanker “Oleg Davidenko” and on the bottling line of high-quality drinking water “Aqua-Ogib”.

Claims (1)

A method of obtaining high-quality drinking water, including multi-stage processes of its ozone treatment, filtration in a granular filter material and regeneration of a granular filter material, characterized in that the water is filtered in four stages, passing it through a polymer-sand granular material with a pore size of 50- 100 μm, in the second stage through a carbon granular material with a pore capacity of 0.5-1.0 cm ³ / g, in the third stage through a carbon granular material with a pore capacity of 0.05-0.5 cm ³ / g, fourth tadia - through a polymer material with a pore size of 1-2 μm, the ozone treatment of water is carried out in four stages, using the ejector treatment of the initial water in the first stage with the unreacted part of the ozone-air mixture obtained after the second and third stages of ozone treatment, as well as ozone treatment of polymer-sand granular material by the ozone-air-water mixture obtained after ejection ozone treatment of the source water using the ejector and reactor-bubbler ozone treatment of the ozone-air-water mixture in the second stage obtained after the first stage of ozone treatment, the circulation treatment of the ozone-air-water mixture obtained after the ejection ozone treatment of the second stage, as well as the ozone treatment of carbon granular material with a pore capacity of 0.5-1.0 cm ³ / g ozone-air-water mixture, obtained after the second stage of ozone treatment, using in the third stage the ejector and reactor-bubble ozone treatment of the ozone-air-water mixture obtained after the second stage of ozone treatment, the circulation treatment of the ozone-air-water mixture, semi after ozone treatment of the third stage, as well as ozone treatment of carbon granular material with a pore capacity of 0.05-0.5 cm ³ / g and a polymer material with a pore size of 1-2 μm ozone-air-water mixture obtained after the third stage of ozone treatment, using the ejection ozone treatment of the ozone-air-water mixture obtained after the third ozone treatment in the fourth stage, the regeneration of the granular filter material is carried out in three stages, using the polymer-sand grain backwash in the first stage of the true material by the ozone-air-water mixture obtained after the second stage of ozone treatment, using the second and third stages of backwashing of carbon granular material with a pore capacity of 0.5-1.0 cm ³ / g and carbon granular material with a pore capacity of 0.05 0.5 cm ³ / g of the ozone-air-water mixture obtained after the third stage of ozone treatment, and the duration of the circulation processes and the concentration of ozone in the second and third stages of ozone treatment are controlled depending on the level of redox the full potential of the ozone-air-water mixture processed at these stages.