RU2308876C2 - Device for setting multicomponent diagnosis of cardiac activity from pulse examination data - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: device has unit for transforming blood vessel filling data, two clock pulse oscillators, two threshold devices, two analog-to-digital converters, four counters, seven operating storage units, thirteen computer units, two switchboards, encipherer, threshold members unit, phase meter, differentiation unit, comparator unit, synchronization and control unit, spectrum analyzer and indicator. Electric pulse signal is obtained by applying unit for transforming blood vessel filling data. Pulse recorded by means of the unit for transforming blood vessel filling data is represented as combination of increments of arterial, capillary and venous blood circulation in given body region. Pulse plot pattern depends on systolic stroke volume, blood circulation intensity, blood viscosity, vascular wall state, pre- to postcapillary pressure ratio and others.

EFFECT: analyzed fine structure of transformed pulse signal; simplified and accelerated process in setting diagnosis; high accuracy of express diagnosis.

6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to medical equipment and can be used mainly to obtain express (urgent) information about the state of human cardiac activity.

Among the instrumental methods for studying the cardiovascular system, a standard electrocardiograph (ECG) is prominent [1]. The data produced by the ECG allow you to register structural and functional changes in the heart, but at the same time they do not automatically answer many diagnostic questions facing the doctor. The disadvantage of this device lies in the special features of electrocardiography, in which the doctor himself must represent and consider when analyzing (decrypting) the electrocardiogram, and only based on the results of the electrocardiographic study, a conclusion is drawn that logically follows from a detailed and in-depth analysis of the entire ECG curve.

There is phonocardiographic (FCG) device for the study of the cardiovascular system, which represent a graphical recording of sound vibrations that occur during heart function [1, 2]. Sound vibrations during the work of the heart are registered in the PCG by a microphone, then they are converted into electrical vibrations, which are emitted by filters and then recorded. Since various sound waves (with different frequencies and amplitudes) arise during the heart’s operation, as a result of their addition, the phonocardiograph captures the so-called “heart murmurs”, which are short tones — rapidly decaying chaotic signals (noises). With a different state of the cardiovascular system, low-frequency heart murmurs will have a different character, but the nature of the noise, which is visually analyzed by the doctor, mainly changes. In fact, there is a measurement of the width of the spectrum of the noise signal recorded in the form of FKG.

The main disadvantage of such a device for diagnosing cardiac activity is the limited amount of information for diagnosing the state of the cardiovascular system and, in addition, using such a device, the doctor must himself decrypt the phonocardiogram, and then, based on the results of this study, draw a conclusion that logically follows from a detailed and in-depth analysis of the whole FCG.

Other instrumental devices for diagnosing human cardiac activity are also known [1].

The closest device for the diagnosis of cardiac activity is a device for measuring blood pressure by pulse taken, for example, from a finger [3]. Such a device comprises a blood supply conversion unit, a threshold device, an analog-to-digital converter, a clock pulse generator, a counter, a synchronization and control unit, a random access memory, eight calculators, an indicator.

The main and important disadvantage of such a device for diagnosing cardiac activity is the receipt of limited information about the state of the human cardiovascular system, expressed only in the assessment of blood pressure.

The proposed device for multicomponent diagnosis of human cardiac activity by pulse is devoid of this drawback, because it allows for a limited analysis time to obtain an increased amount of information extracted from the structure of the pulse characteristics, which provides advanced diagnostics of the state of the cardiovascular system. In other words, the increased information content of the proposed device is achieved by analysis of the fine structure of the pulse (signal spectrum) of the radial artery.

An electrical pulse signal is obtained by applying a block of blood supply conversion to the radial artery. The pulse recorded using the blood supply conversion unit (sensor) is a combination of changes in arterial, capillary and venous blood flow in a given area of the body. The nature of the pulse curve depends on factors such as systolic ejection, blood flow intensity, blood viscosity, vascular wall condition, the ratio of precapillary and postcapillary pressure, etc.

The nature of the slow-wave rhythm reflects the activity of central vasomotor mechanisms. The radial artery electrical impulse is a description of an infinite number of harmonic components of frequencies, their amplitudes and phase relationships between these frequencies. The picture of the sums of amplitudes and phase shifts between the individual components of the entire spectrum describes the shape of the analyzed electrical pulse, and at the same time, the shape of this electrical pulse is uniquely associated with the state of the cardiovascular system [4, 5, 6].

Figure 1 shows a typical curve of the pulse of the radial artery of a healthy person. The duration of systole T _S (t ₁ -a ' ₂ ), diastole T _d (a' ₂ -t ₂ ), and the entire cardiac cycle T _C (t ₁ -t ₂ ), gives a temporary characteristic of the heart cycle.

The shape of the curve of the central pulse allows us to characterize the process of expelling blood from the left ventricle under pathological conditions.

Points C, K, M, D are characteristic points of the pulse curve.

As is known [1, 5], as part of the pulse curve (Fig. 1), anacrot (AK) and catacrot (KB) are distinguished. Anacrot (the ascending part of the curve) has a rapid steep rise and corresponds to the transition of blood from the left ventricle to the arterial system, which causes stretching of its walls. The steepness of the rise of the curve depends on the elasticity of the studied vessels, the magnitude of the stroke volume of the blood and its speed. The next period of slow (SC) filling determines the shape of the peak of the curve. Its duration is determined by the time the blood passes through the fully open lumen of the vessel and corresponds to the end of the phase of the expulsion of blood. The shape of the curve depends on the length of the slow filling period. With accelerated blood supply, the top has a pointed shape, with slow filling it takes the form of a plateau. On the descending part of the pulse curve (KB) incisura is determined - the lowest point (M), which corresponds to the moment of complete closure of the aortic valve. The next increase in the curve (MDV) is a dicrotic wave, the occurrence of which is associated with a secondary short-term increase in pressure in the arterial system. The appearance and height of the dicrotic wave reflect the state of arterioles, which determine the severity of peripheral vascular resistance. An increase in vascular tone leads to a significant decrease in the size of the debris wave and its displacement to the apex. A decrease in vascular tone is accompanied by the appearance on the pulse curve of a pronounced downward part of the debris wave shifted to the base. The descending (catacrotic) part occurs as a result of the outflow of blood from the vessel to the periphery. On it, as a result of a backward push of blood, at the moment of closing of the aortic valves incisure and a debris tooth are formed. Thus, the pulse curve illustrates the nature of the blood flow into the arterial system, which, in turn, depends on the contractility of the myocardium and the function of the valvular apparatus of the heart.

In general, the shape of the pulse wave is determined mainly by the process of expelling blood from the ventricles of the heart and vibrational phenomena that occur both in the heart itself and in nearby arterial vessels, as well as the damaging effect of the vascular wall and the properties of organs and tissues surrounding it.

This formulation does not give in its entirety a complex picture of pulse fluctuations, just as the existing conventional methods for recording pulse give us only the private components of this process. For example, figure 2 (curve A) shows a typical curve of the pulse of the radial artery of a healthy person, and figure 2 (curves B, C, D, D, E, F, Z) show several characteristic pulse curves when the cardiac deviation -vascular system from the norm [4]. So, for example, with high peripheral resistance and normal elasticity of the aorta (B), the curve is characterized by a steep initial rise, followed by an ascending plateau, ending with incisure. With a low resistance in the aorta and a sufficient value of the stroke volume (B), an early peak is observed on the curve due to the instantaneous rush of blood into the arterial system. Then follows a lower systolic peak, turning into a rapid decline with deep incisure at a low diastolic level. With a small stroke volume (G), the pulse curve is characterized by a smooth rounded apex during systole and a low flattened segment during diastole. The decrease in aortic elasticity (D) is manifested by a rapidly rising large pulse wave with high incisura and a gradual, gradual decrease during diastole.

Defects of the aortic valves are distinguished by their pulse curves. With stenosis of the aortic orifice (E), the curve has a small amplitude, having at the beginning a short steep climb, followed by a sharp anacrotic incursion. The latter, in turn, passes into a slowly rising diastolic plateau, on which vibrations due to systolic murmur are superimposed. Aortic valve insufficiency (G and W) is accompanied by a high-amplitude pulse curve, since the diastolic pressure in this defect is small and the pulse pressure is increased. The degree of valve insufficiency, as a rule, corresponds to the nature of the diastolic decrease in the curve; with a slight defect, the decrease in the curve during diastole occurs gradually, and with a significant decrease begins immediately after incisure.

The pulse curves described above reflect only the form of pressure fluctuations in any one artery and do not give a qualitative characteristic of the pathology.

It is known [13] that any pulse, including that generated as a result of the conversion of the radial artery pulse, can be expanded into the Fourier spectral series, which is represented as a set of components of sinusoids and in a certain way shifted in phase. Since the shape of the pulse corresponds to the state of the cardiovascular system [4, 5, 6], therefore, this state can be found to correspond to the components of the spectrum of this pulse.

In addition, the characteristics of the pulse can be mathematically described: amplitude-time, amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency values [13], the characteristics of which, in turn, uniquely correspond to the state of the cardiovascular system.

Thus, the proposed device for multicomponent diagnostics of human cardiac activity by pulse allows you to receive (in addition to blood pressure values) extended information about the state of the cardiovascular system by spectral analysis of the pulse of the radial artery.

The technical result of the implementation of the proposed device multicomponent diagnosis of cardiac activity by pulse is:

- increasing information content by analyzing the fine structure of the converted pulse by expanding it into spectral components (Fourier series) and finding the amplitude-time, amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency characteristics and their derivatives, depending on the state of the cardiovascular system;

- simplifying the progress of diagnosis with increasing efficiency, due to the removal of a pulse from a person’s finger, decoding of an electrical impulse by existing modern electronic equipment and taking a relatively short time;

- the possibility of constant and long-term monitoring of the state of cardiac activity;

- the ability to diagnose if the researcher has some pathologies (for example, paralysis, etc.);

- the ability to make an urgent (express) diagnosis of the state of cardiac activity in extreme conditions, for example, with emergency medical care, or under the conditions of a short and urgent professional medical examination, for example, in aviation or on other means of transport.

The technical result of the device is achieved by the fact that in order to increase the information content, simplify the diagnostic process with increased diagnostic efficiency, the possibility of constant and long-term monitoring of the state of cardiac activity, the possibility of diagnosis if the researcher has some pathologies, the ability to make urgent (express) diagnostics, to the diagnostic device pulse of a person’s cardiac activity, containing a blood supply conversion unit, a first threshold device, analog-to-digital th converter, first clock generator, counter, synchronization and control unit, first random access memory, first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth calculators, indicator, second clock generator, second threshold device, second introduced analog-to-digital converter, second, third, fourth counters, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh random access memory devices, ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth, thirteenth calculators, p rvy, the second switch, encoder unit threshold devices, phase meter, the differentiation unit, comparing unit, a spectrum analyzer.

The structure of the electrical circuit of the proposed device multicomponent diagnosis of cardiac activity of a person by pulse is presented in figure 3, which shows:

blood supply conversion unit 1;

two clock generators 2, 3;

two threshold devices 4, 5;

two analog-to-digital converters (ADC) 6, 7;

four counters 8, 9, 10, 11;

seven random access memory devices (RAM) 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18;

thirteen calculators 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31;

two switches 32, 33;

encoder 34;

block threshold devices 35;

phase meter 36;

differentiation unit 37;

comparison unit 38;

indicator 39;

synchronization and control unit (BSU) 40;

spectrum analyzer 41.

The device for multicomponent diagnostics of human cardiac activity by pulse contains: a blood supply conversion unit 1, a first clock generator 2, a second clock generator 3; a first threshold device 4, a second threshold device 5; analog-to-digital converter 6, analog-to-digital converter 7; the first counter 8, the second counter 9, the third counter 10, the fourth counter 11; the first random access memory 12, the second random access memory 13, the third random access memory 14, the fourth random access memory 15, the fifth random access memory 16, the sixth random access memory 17, the seventh random access memory 18; a first computer 19, a second computer 20, a third computer 21, a fourth computer 22, a fifth computer 23, a sixth computer 24; seventh calculator 25, eighth calculator 26, ninth calculator 27, tenth calculator 28, eleventh calculator 29, twelfth calculator 30, thirteenth calculator 31; the first switch 32, the second switch 33; encoder 34; block threshold devices 35; phase meter 36; differentiation unit 37; comparison unit 38; indicator 39; synchronization and control unit (BSU) 40; a spectrum analyzer 41, while the blood supply conversion unit 1 is connected to the inputs of the first threshold device 4, the analog-to-digital converter 6 and the spectrum analyzer 41, the output of the first threshold device 4 is connected to the input of the first clock generator 2 and the first input of the synchronization and control unit 40, the output of the first clock 2 is connected to the input of the second clock 3, the second input of the analog-to-digital converter 6 and the input of the first counter 8, the first output of the analog-digital the converter 6 is connected to the second input of the synchronization and control unit 40, the second output of the analog-to-digital converter 6 is connected to the first input of the first random access memory 12, the output of the second clock generator 3 is connected to the input of the second counter 9, the output of which is connected to the first input of the first switch 32 and the thirteenth input of the synchronization and control unit 40, and the output of the first random access memory 12 is connected to the second inputs of the third computer 21, the sixth computer 24, block di framing 37, the first inputs of the fourth calculator 22, the seventh calculator 25, the fourth input of the sixth random access memory 17 and the seventh input of the indicator 39, the output of the first counter 8 is connected to the first inputs of the first calculator 19 and the second calculator 20, as well as to the third input of the synchronization unit and control 40, the fifth output of which is connected to the second input of the first computer 19, the sixth output of the synchronization unit and control 40 is connected to the third input of the second computer 20, the seventh output of the synchronization unit board 40 is connected to the third input of the third computer 21, the eighth output of the synchronization and control unit 40 is connected to the fourth input of the computer 21, the ninth output of the synchronization and control unit 40 is connected to the third input of the fifth computer 23, the tenth output of the synchronization and control unit 40 is connected to the third input the sixth calculator 24, the eleventh output of the synchronization and control unit 40 is connected to the fourth input of the sixth calculator 24, the twelfth output of the synchronization and control unit 40 is connected to the third input about the calculator 26, the twenty-sixth output of the synchronization and control unit 40 is connected to the first input of the differentiation unit 37, the twenty-seventh output of the synchronization and control unit 40 is connected to the first input of the fifth random access memory 16, the twenty-eighth output of the synchronization and control unit 40 is connected to the second input the fifth random access memory 16, the twenty-ninth output of the synchronization and control unit 40 is connected to the first input of the comparison unit 38, the thirtieth output of the synchronization and control unit 40 s connected to the input of the fourth counter 11, the output of which is connected to the fourth input of the seventh random access memory 18 and the sixth input of the indicator 39, the output of the seventh random access memory 18 is connected to the third input of the tenth calculator 28 and the fourth input of the eleventh calculator 29, the fourth input of the first random access memory 12 is connected to the third output of the synchronization and control unit 40, the third input of the first random access memory 12 is connected to the second output of the synchronization unit control and control 40, the second input of the first random access memory device 12 is connected to the first output of the synchronization and control unit 40, the output of the spectrum analyzer 41 is connected to the second inputs of the first switch 32, the second switch 33 and the input of the block of the threshold device 35, the output of which is connected to the input of the encoder 34, the output of which is connected to the third input of the second random access memory 13, the first input of which is connected to the thirteenth output of the synchronization and control unit 40, and the second input of the second the fusing device 13 is connected to the fourteenth output of the synchronization and control unit 40, the output of the second random access memory 13 is connected to the first input of the second switch 33, and the output of the first switch 32 is connected to the first input of the phase meter 36 and the second input of the second analog-to-digital converter 7, twentieth the output of the synchronization and control unit 40 is connected to the first input of the second analog-to-digital converter 7, the first output of which is connected to the fifteenth input of the synchronization and control unit 40, and the second the output is connected to the fourth input of the fourth random access memory 15, the first, second and third inputs of which are connected respectively to the twenty first, twenty second and twenty third outputs of the synchronization and control unit 40, and the output of the fourth random access memory 15 is connected to the third input of the twelfth calculator 30 the first input of which is connected to the twenty-fourth output of the synchronization and control unit 40, and the second input is connected to the twenty-fifth output of the synchronization and control unit 40, p the first output of the twelfth computer 30 is connected to the sixteenth input of the synchronization and control unit 40, and the second output of the twelfth computer 30 is connected to the second input of the indicator 39, the first output of the first computer 19 is connected to the fourth input of the synchronization and control unit 40, and the second output of the first computer 19 is connected with the fifth input of the synchronization and control unit 40, with the second input of the second computer 20 and the first input of the third computer 21, the first output of which is connected to the seventh input of the synchronization unit and controlled I am 40, the second output of the third computer 21 is connected to the first input of the fifth computer 23, the first output of which is connected to the ninth input of the synchronization and control unit 40, and the second output of computer 23 is connected to the ninth input of the indicator 39, the second and third inputs of the fourth computer 22 are connected respectively with the seventh and eighth outputs of the synchronization and control unit 40, the first output of the second computer 20 is connected to the sixth input of the synchronization and control unit 40, and the second output of the second computer 20 is connected to the first input of the calculator 24, the first output of the fourth calculator 22 is connected to the eighth input of the synchronization and control unit 40, and the second output of the fourth calculator 22 is connected to the second input of the fifth calculator 23, the second and third inputs of the seventh calculator 25 are connected respectively to the tenth and eleventh output of the synchronization and control unit 40, and the first output of the sixth computer 24 is connected to the tenth input of the synchronization and control unit 40, and the second output of the sixth computer 24 is connected to the first input of the eighth computer 26, the second input is which is connected to the second output of the seventh calculator 25, the first output of which is connected to the eleventh input of the synchronization and control unit 40, the first output of the eighth calculator 26 is connected to the twelfth input of the synchronization and control unit 40, and the second output of the eighth calculator 26 is connected to the eighth input of the indicator 39, the first output of the differentiation unit 37 is connected to the seventeenth input of the synchronization and control unit 40, and the second output of the differentiation unit 37 is connected to the third input of the fifth random access memory VA 16 and with the third input of the comparison unit 38, the second input of which is connected to the output of the fifth random access memory 16, the first and second outputs of the comparison unit 38 are connected respectively to the seventeenth and eighteenth input of the synchronization and control unit 40, the output of the second switch 33 is connected to the second input phase meter 36, the output of which is connected to the second threshold device 5 and the third counter 10 connected in series, the output of which is connected to the fourth input of the third random access memory 14, p the first, second and third inputs of which are connected respectively to the fifteenth, sixteenth and seventeenth outputs of the synchronization and control unit 40, and the output of the third random access memory 14 is connected to the third input of the thirteenth computer 31, the first output of the thirteenth computer 31 is connected to the fourteenth input of the synchronization and control unit 40, and the second output of the thirteenth calculator 31 is connected to the first input of the indicator 39, the first and second inputs of the thirteenth calculator 31 are connected respectively to eighteen m and the nineteenth outputs of the synchronization and control unit 40, the first and second inputs of the eleventh calculator 29 are connected respectively to the thirty-ninth and thirty-eighth outputs of the synchronization and control unit 40, the twenty-first input of which is connected to the first output of the eleventh calculator 29, the third input of which is connected to the output the sixth random access memory 17 and the third input of the ninth calculator 27, the first and second inputs of which are connected respectively to the thirty-fourth and thirty-fifth outputs synchronization and control unit 40, the first output of the ninth calculator 27 is connected to the nineteenth input of the synchronization and control unit 40, and the second output of the ninth calculator 27 is connected to the fourth input of the indicator 39, the thirty-first, thirty-second and thirty-third outputs of the synchronization and control unit 40 are connected to the first, second and third inputs, respectively, of the sixth random access memory 17 and the seventh random access memory 18, thirty-sixth and thirty-seventh outputs of the synchronization unit controller 40 are connected respectively to first and second inputs of the calculator 28, the tenth, the first output is connected to the twentieth input of synchronization and control 40, the second calculator 28, the outputs of the tenth and eleventh calculator 29 are connected respectively to the third and fifth inputs of the indicator 39.

Consider the operation of a device for multicomponent diagnostics of a person’s cardiac activity by pulse using a few examples.

A. The operation of the device for multicomponent diagnostics of human cardiac activity by pulse in the assessment of systolic and diastolic pressures.

The work of the proposed device multicomponent diagnostics of human cardiac activity by pulse in assessing systolic and diastolic pressure is fully consistent with the description of the evaluation of these values set forth in the selected prototype [3].

B. The operation of the device of multicomponent diagnostics of human cardiac activity by pulse in diagnosing the state of the cardiovascular system by phase-frequency, amplitude-frequency and amplitude-time characteristics of the pulse wave

B-1. The establishment of compliance with the state of cardiac activity according to the parameters of the phase-frequency characteristics of the pulse (Fig.6).

A graphical representation of the transformed radial artery pulse expanded in the Fourier spectral series in the form of a plurality of sinusoidal components and phase-shifted in a certain way is shown in FIG. 6.

Depending on the state of the cardiovascular system, the shape of the pulse also changes, which is associated with the state of the initial phases of each of the components of the frequency spectrum of this pulse [13]. In this case, by the value of the number obtained by calculating the ratio of the number of positive phases of harmonic components (the number of phases of harmonic components of the spectrum from 0 to π rad) to the number of negative phases of harmonic components (the number of phases of harmonic components of the spectrum ranging from more than π to 2π rad) the correspondence of the state of cardiac activity is established.

B-2. The establishment of the state of cardiac activity according to the results of calculating the ratio of the amplitude of the first harmonic component of the pulse to the individual amplitudes of the harmonic components (figure 4, figure 5).

Deformed in the Fourier spectrum of the converted pulse of the radial artery is presented in figure 4 in the form of many constituent sinusoids (individual harmonics). According to the results of calculating the ratio of the amplitude of the first harmonic component of the pulse to the individual amplitudes of the harmonic components (Fig. 5), the correspondence of the state of cardiac activity is established: the highest value of this ratio at a certain harmonic corresponds to a certain state of the cardiovascular system (pathology).

B-3. The establishment of compliance with the state of the cardiovascular system according to the parameters of the amplitude-time characteristics of the pulse wave (figure 1).

The amplitude characteristics of the pulse wave :.

- the maximum amplitude of the pulse wave H ₂ is an indicator of the magnitude of the pulse blood supply in the study area and is proportional to the ratio of the volumes of arterial blood flow and venous blood outflow at the time of maximum stretching of the vascular bed; the magnitude of H _{2 is} significantly affected by the stroke volume of blood and the tone of the vascular wall and weakly - heart rate and blood pressure;

- "дикротический индекс"; отражает периферическое сосудистое сопротивление, т.е. степень расширения или сужения мелких сосудов артериол;- the ratio of the amplitude at the incisur level to the amplitude of the systolic wave

- "dicrotic index"; reflects peripheral vascular resistance, i.e. the degree of expansion or narrowing of the small vessels of arterioles;

- "диастолическии индекс", отражает состояние тонуса венозных сосудов;- the ratio of the amplitude at the top of the dicrotic tooth to the amplitude of the systolic wave

- "diastolic index", reflects the state of the tone of the venous vessels;

характеризует периферическое сопротивление;- ratio of amplitudes

characterizes peripheral resistance;

- the amplitude of the venous wave H ₅ is a characteristic of the venous outflow.

Pulse wave temporal characteristics:

- the duration of the pulse fluctuation AB, corresponds to the duration of the cardiac cycle T _C = t ₂ -t ₁ ;

- the interval Z ₆ = t ₁ -a ₁ reflects the period of rapid blood supply and depends on the stroke volume of the heart and vascular tone;

- the interval Z ₇ = a ₂ -a ₁ reflects the period of slow blood supply and characterizes the features of microcirculation;

- the interval Z ₈ = a ' ₂ -t ₁ corresponding to the duration of the anacrotic phase, is stable and fully reflects the degree of stretching of the vascular walls;

- the interval Z ₉ = t ₂ -a ' ₂ , corresponding to the duration of the catacrotic phase, characterizes the contractility of the vessels and their elasticity;

- the interval from the top of the pulse curve to the top of the dicrotic tooth Z ₁₀ = a ₄ -a ₂ characterizes the elasticity of the walls of the vessels and the conditions of the venous outflow.

Amplitude-temporal characteristics of a pulse wave.

, характеризует скорость кровенаполнения крупных артерий;- maximum speed of fast blood supply

characterizes the rate of blood supply to large arteries;

;- speed of slow blood supply

;

- arterial inflow Z ₁₃ = H ₂ · (t ₂ -t ₁ );

;- peripheral resistance index

;

,- outflow speed

,

where C is the heart rate; blood supply index, allowing indirectly and relatively to estimate the value of the volumetric blood flow velocity [4]. It is calculated by the formula (1):

Г-

G-

- площадь ограниченная пульсовой кривой;Where

- area limited by the pulse curve;

.- calculation of the ratio of the areas of the pulse curve in the redistribution of time from a ₄ to t ₂ and from t ₁ to a ₃ , the ratio of the areas of the individual phases, characterizing the hydraulic resistance to blood flow

.

The operation of the device of multicomponent diagnostics of human heart activity by pulse in the analysis of amplitude-time, amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency characteristics of a pulse wave is as follows.

The signal from the block of conversion of blood supply 1 is fed to the input of the spectrum analyzer 41, the output of which is fed to the inputs of the first switch 32, the second switch 33 and the block of threshold devices 35. The pulse at the output of the first clock generator GTI 2 allows the second generator of clock pulses GTI 3 the frequency of which is 17 times higher than the frequency of the first GTI generator 2 (according to the selected number of harmonics, sufficient for the full use of the pulse characteristics [5, 13], in particular, 16 harmonics plus 1 clock cycle were selected techniques, are the phase relationship).

Thus, in response to 1 pulse at the output of the first GTI 2 clock pulse generator, the second GTI 3 clock pulse generator generates 16 pulses, which enter the counting input of the second counter 9, which counts the number of harmonics. At the output of counter 9 (harmonic counter), a code is generated in the binary number system, which is fed to the address input of the first switch 32 and to the thirteenth input of the BSU 40. If the value at the thirteenth input is 0, then this means that the first harmonic is processed, BSU 40 at the thirteenth output, it generates a “Record” signal, which arrives at the first input of the second RAM 13. In this case, the value located at the encoder output and representing a number in the binary number system denotes the address of the channel in which it is earlier than the others a signal appeared from the analyzer, is written to the second RAM 13. If the value at the thirteenth input is not 0, the BSU 40 at the fourteenth output generates a “Read” signal, which is fed to the second input of the read signal of the second RAM 13. In this case, the value located in the RAM 13 and representing a number in the binary system, denoting the address of the first channel in which the signal from the analyzer appeared, is fed to the first input of the address of the second switch 33. The signals from the outputs of the first switch 32 and the second switch 33 are received respectively and the first and second inputs of the phasemeter 36, the output of which appears a voltage corresponding to the phase shift between harmonics at its inputs. The signal from the output of the phase meter 36 is fed to the input of the second threshold device 5. If the signal level at its input is greater than a predetermined threshold (which corresponds to a phase difference> π, i.e., more than 180 °), then a rectangular signal is generated at the output, which is fed to the counting input of the third counter. BSU 40 generates on the fifteenth output a progressive address starting with ADR = 1 and ending with the address ADR = 16 · N _c , which arrives at the first address input of the third RAM 14. In addition, each address is accompanied by a “Write” signal coming from the sixteenth output of BSU 40 to the second input of the write signal of the third RAM 14. A digital code from the output of the third counter 10 is supplied to the fourth input of the third RAM 14. Thus, the digital codes at the input of the third RAM 14 are sequentially written to this third RAM 14. The trailing edge of the pulse at the first input of the BSU 40 from puddles the signal to the beginning of the calculation of the phase relation. BSU 40 forms on the fifteenth output a progressive address starting with ADR = 1 and ending with the address ADR = 16 · N _s . Each address is accompanied by a “Read” signal from the seventeenth output of the BSU 40 to the third input of the read signal of the third RAM 14. At the same time as the Read signal, the BSU 40 generates a “Receive” signal at the eighteenth output, which is fed to the first input of the calculator 31 calculating the average value of the phase ratio. For each “Receive” signal, the calculator 31 receives digital codes from the output of the third RAM 14, which are fed to the third input of the calculator 31 and places them in its internal memory. After giving 16 · N _c commands "Reception" BSU 40 at its nineteenth output generates a trigger signal, which is fed to the second input of the calculator 31. The calculator performs the calculation Z] matching cardiac activity according to the parameters of the phase-frequency characteristic according to the formula (2):

where φ ₊ is the number of positive phases,

- общее число гармоник,

- total number of harmonics,

N _c is the number of 8 pulses of the generator of 2 clock pulses counted by the counter;

At the end of the calculations, the signal “End of transformations” is generated at the first output of the calculator 31 and fed to the fourteenth input of the BSU 6, and at the second output, a digital code is received at the first input of the indicator.

BSU 40 at the twentieth output generates a “Start” signal, which is fed to the first input of the second ADC 7. The second input of the second ADC 7 receives a signal from the output of the spectrum analyzer 41 through the switch 32. At the end of each conversion, the signal “End” is generated at the first output of the second ADC 7 conversion ”, which is fed to the fifteenth input of the BSU 40. When the signal“ End of conversion ”appears on the fifteenth input of the BSU 40 and the value changes at the thirteenth input of the BSU 40 at the twenty-first output of the BSU 40, the next progressive address is formed from been consistent address that begins with ADR = 1 and ending address ADR = 16 · N _c. In this case, each address is accompanied by a “Record” signal coming from the twenty-second output of BSU 40 to the second input of the recording signal of the fourth RAM 15. Thus, after 16 · N _c signals “Record” are received to the second input of the recording signal of the fourth RAM 15, it the amplitudes of 16 harmonics for all clock cycles N _{c of the} video pulse of the pulse beat are stored.

The trailing edge of the pulse at the first input of the BSU 40 serves as a signal to the beginning of the calculation. BSU 40 forms on its twenty-first output a progressive address starting with ADR = 1 and ending with the address ADR = 16 · N _c . Moreover, each address is accompanied by a “Read” signal from the twenty-third output of BSU 40 to the third input of the read signal of the fourth RAM 15. Simultaneously with the input of the “Read” signal, the BSU 40 generates a “Receive” signal at the twenty-fourth output, which is fed to the first input the twelfth calculator 30. For each signal "Receive" the calculator receives digital codes from the output of the fourth RAM 15, which are fed to the third input of the twelfth calculator 30 and places them in its internal memory. After filing 16 · N _{with the} “Receive” commands, the BSU 40 at the twenty-fifth output generates a start signal for the twelfth computer 30, which is fed to the second input of this computer. The twelfth computer 30 performs the calculation of Z ₂ matching the state of cardiac activity according to the results of calculating the ratio of the amplitude of the first harmonic component of the pulse to the individual amplitudes of the harmonic components according to the formula

Where

, j∈[1, N_C];Ar _ij is the amplitude of the i-th harmonic component of the pulse at the jth pulse quantization step,

, j∈ [1, N _C ];

- общее число гармоник;

- total number of harmonics;

N _C is the number of 8 pulses of the generator of 2 clock pulses counted by the counter;

MAX - the operation of finding the maximum value of an element of a set;

.IND - the operation of finding the index of an element in a set

.

At the end of the calculations, at the first output of the twelfth calculator 30, a signal “End of transformations” is generated, which is fed to the sixteenth input of the BSU 40, and at the second output of the twelfth calculator 30, a digital code is supplied to the second input of the indicator.

Finding characteristic points on the pulse curve

BSU 40 at the first output generates a growing digital address, starting from the address ADR = 1 and ending with the address ADR = N _c , which goes to the second address input of the first RAM 12, with each address being accompanied by a Read signal from the third output of BSU 40 to the fourth input of the first RAM 12. Simultaneously with the “Read” signal, the BSU 40 generates a “Start” signal at the twenty-sixth output, and a single pulse at the thirty output. The Read signal is supplied to the first input of the start of the differentiation unit 37. A single pulse from the thirtieth output of the BSU 40 is supplied to the counting input of the fourth counter 11. The differentiation unit 37 reads from the second input the signal supplied from the output of the first RAM 12. At the end of the differentiation at the first output the differentiation unit 37, the signal "End of transformations" appears, which is fed to the seventeenth input of the BSU 40. At the second output of the differentiation unit 37, a digital code of the differentiation result appears, which is received by and the third input of the fifth RAM 16 and the third input of the comparison unit 38. BSU 40 generates a read signal at the twenty-eighth output, which is fed to the second read input of the fifth RAM 16, as a result of which a digital number appears at the output of the fifth RAM 16. which goes to the second input of the comparison unit. BSU 40 generates a “Start” signal at the twenty-ninth output, which is fed to the first input of the start of the comparison unit 38. Upon completion of the comparison, the signal “End of transformations” appears at the first output of the comparison unit 38, which goes to the seventeenth input of the BSU 40. At the second output of the block comparison 38, a digital code of the comparison result appears, which is fed to the eighteenth input of the BSU 40. If the value module on the third input of the comparison unit 38 is larger than the value module on the second, then the BSU 40 generates a “Record” signal at the twenty-seventh output ", Which is supplied to the first input of the fifth RAM 16, as a result of which a digital code is written to this RAM, which is received at its third input.

If the value module at the third input of the comparison unit is less than or equal to the value module at the second or the value module at the third input of the comparison unit is zero, then BSU 40 at its thirty-first output generates another progressive digital address from a sequence of addresses that starts with ADR = 1 and ends with the address ADR = 10 (according to the number of selected time points within the pulse, see figure 1), which is fed to the first address input of the sixth RAM 17 and to the first address input of the seventh RAM 18, with each address is a signal "Record", coming from the thirty-second output of the BSU 40 to the second input of the sixth RAM 17 and to the second input of the seventh RAM 18. At the fourth input of the sixth RAM 17, a digital code is supplied from the output of the first RAM 12, which is recorded in the sixth RAM 17. On the fourth input of the seventh RAM 18 is supplied with a digital code from the output of the fourth counter 11, which is recorded in the seventh RAM 18.

Thus, after the BSU 40 issued the “Read” commands from the third output N _C , the pulse wave amplitudes were preserved in the sixth RAM 17, in which the derivative function is zero or has an extremum; in the seventh RAM 18, the numbers of the corresponding samples are preserved, at which the derivative function is zero or has an extremum.

Dicrotic index determination

BSU 40 at the thirty-first output generates address signals ADR = H ₃ , and ADR = H ₂ , which are fed to the first address inputs of the sixth RAM 17 and the seventh RAM 18. Each signal address is accompanied by the formation of the thirty-third output of the BSU 40 signal "Read", which is fed to the third reading inputs of the sixth RAM 17 and the seventh RAM 18. Simultaneously with each Read signal, the thirty-fourth output of the BSU 40 generates a Receive signal, which is fed to the first input of the calculator 27. At the same time, the third input of the calculator 27 comes from the output of the sixth RAM 17 amplitudes H ₃ and H ₂ .

After that, the BSU 40 at the thirty-fifth output generates a “Start” signal, which is fed to the second start input of the ninth calculator 27, which calculates the dicrotic index Z ₃ according to the formula (4):

At the end of the calculation, the signal “End of transformations” appears on the first output of the calculator 27, which is fed to the nineteenth input of the BSU 40, and at the second output of the calculator 27, the result of the calculation of the dicrotic index Z ₃ appears, which goes to the fourth input of the indicator 39.

Diastolic Index Definition

BSU 40 at the thirty-first output generates address signals ADR = H ₄ and ADR = H ₂ , which are fed to the first address inputs of the sixth RAM 17 and the seventh RAM 18. Each address signal is accompanied by the formation of a thirty-third output signal "Read", which is received on the third reading inputs of the sixth RAM 17 and the seventh RAM 18. Simultaneously with each “Read” signal at the thirty-fourth output of the BSU 40, a “Receive” signal is generated, which is fed to the first input of the calculator 27. At the same time, the third input of the calculator 27 comes from the output of the sixth RAM 17 meanings amplitudes H ₄ and H ₂ .

After that, the BSU 40 at the thirty-fifth output generates a “Start” signal, which is fed to the second start input of the calculator 27, which calculates the diastolic index Z ₄ according to the formula (5):

At the end of the calculation, the signal “End of transformations” appears on the first output of calculator 27, which is fed to the nineteenth input of BSU 40, and at the second output of calculator 27, the result of the calculation of diastolic index Z ₄ appears, which goes to the fourth input of indicator 39.

Determination of peripheral resistance

BSU 40 at the thirty-first output generates address signals ADR = H ₁ and ADR = H ₂ , which are fed to the first address inputs of the sixth and seventh RAM. Each address signal is accompanied by the formation on the thirty-third output of the “Read” signal, which is supplied to the third read inputs of the sixth RAM 17 and the seventh RAM 18. At the same time with each “Read” signal, the thirty-fourth output of the BSU 40 generates a “Receive” signal, which is transmitted to the first input of the ninth calculator 27. Thus, the third input of the calculator 27 receives from the output of the sixth RAM 17 the values of the amplitudes H ₁ and H ₂ . Next, the BSU 40 at the thirty-fifth output generates a “Start” signal, which is fed to the second start input of the calculator 27, which calculates the value of the peripheral resistance Z ₅ according to the formula (6):

At the end of the calculation, the signal “End of transformations” appears on the first output of the calculator 27, which is fed to the nineteenth input of the BSU 40, and at the second output of the calculator 27, the result of the calculation of the peripheral resistance value Z ₅ appears, which goes to the fourth input of the indicator 39.

Determination of pulse duration

BSU 40 at the thirty-first output generates address signals ADR = A and ADR = B, which are fed to the first address inputs of the sixth RAM 17 and seventh RAM 18. Each address signal is accompanied by the formation of a thirty-third output of the BSU 40 of the “Read” signal, which is fed to the third reading inputs of the sixth RAM 17 and the seventh RAM 18. Simultaneously with each “Read” signal, the thirty-sixth output of the BSU 40 generates a “Receive” signal, which is fed to the first input of the tenth calculator 28. Thus, the third input of the tenth calculator 28 comes from exit and the seventh RAM 18 values of the numbers t ₁ and t ₂ samples A and B.

After that, BSU 40 generates a “Start” signal at the thirty-seventh output, which is fed to the second start input of the tenth calculator 28, which calculates the duration of the pulse oscillation T _c according to formula (7):

T _c = t ₂ -t ₁ (7)

At the end of the calculation, the signal “End of transformations” appears on the first output of the tenth calculator 28, which is fed to the twentieth input of the BSU 40, and at the second output of this calculator, the result of the calculation of the pulse oscillation duration T _c appears, which goes to the fifth input of the indicator 39.

BSU 40 at the thirty-first output generates address signals ADR = A and ADR = a ₁ , which are fed to the first address inputs of the sixth RAM 17 and the seventh RAM 18. Each address signal is accompanied by the formation of a thirty-third output signal “Read”, which is fed to the third the read inputs of the sixth RAM 17 and the seventh RAM 18. Simultaneously with each “Read” signal, the thirty-sixth output of the BSU 40 generates a “Receive” signal, which is fed to the first input of the tenth calculator 28. Thus, the third input of the tenth calculator 28 comes from the output se mogo RAM 18 numbers of samples A and a _1.

After that, BSU 40 at the thirty-seventh output generates a “Start” signal, which is fed to the second start input of the tenth transmitter 28, which calculates Z ₆ of the fast blood filling period according to formula (8):

Z ₆ = t ₁ -a ₁ (8)

At the end of the calculation, the signal “End of transformations” appears on the first output of the tenth calculator 28, which is fed to the twentieth input of the BSU 40, and the second output of this calculator shows the result of calculating the fast blood filling period, which goes to the fifth input of the indicator 39.

BSU 6 at the thirty-first output generates address signals ADR = a ₂ and ADR = a ₁ , which are fed to the first address inputs of the sixth RAM 17 and the seventh RAM 18. Each address signal is accompanied by the generation of a Read signal on the thirty-third output of the BSU 40, which arrives at the third reading inputs of the sixth RAM 17 and the seventh RAM 16. Simultaneously with each “Read” signal at the thirty-sixth output of the BSU 40, each time generates a “Receive” signal, which is fed to the first input of the tenth calculator 28. The third input of the ninth calculator 27 receives numbers from accounts of time points of the pulse a ₂ and a ₁ from the output of the seventh RAM 18.

After that, the BSU 40 at the thirty-seventh output generates a “Start” signal, which is fed to the second start input of the tenth computer 28, which calculates the period of slow blood supply Z ₇ according to the formula (9):

Z ₇ = a ₂ -a ₁ (9)

At the end of the calculation, the signal “End of transformations” appears on the first output of the tenth calculator 28, which is fed to the twentieth input of the BSU 40, and the second output of this calculator shows the result of the calculation of the slow blood filling period Z ₇ , which goes to the fifth input of the indicator 39.

BSU 40 at the thirty-first output generates address signals ADR = A and ADR = a ' ₂ , which are fed to the first address inputs of the sixth RAM 17 and seventh RAM 18. Each address signal is accompanied by the generation of a Read signal on the thirty-third output of BSU 40, which arrives at the third reading inputs of the sixth RAM 17 and the seventh RAM 18. Simultaneously with each “Read” signal at the thirty-sixth output of the BSU 40, a “Receive” signal is generated, which is received at the first input of the tenth calculator 28. Count numbers are received at the third input of the ninth calculator 27 time ennyh points pulse A and a _'2 with the output of the seventh memory 18.

After that, BSU 40 at the thirty-seventh output generates a “Start” signal, which is fed to the second start input of the tenth computer 28, which calculates Z _{8 the} duration of the anacrotic phase according to the formula (10):

Z ₈ = a ' ₂ -t ₁ (10)

At the end of the calculation, the signal “End of transformations” appears on the first output of the tenth calculator 28, which is fed to the twentieth input of the BSU 40, and at the second output of this calculator, the result of calculating the duration of the anacrotic phase Z ₈ appears, which goes to the fifth input of the indicator 39.

BSU 40 at the thirty-first output generates address signals ADR = a ₂ and ADR = B, which are fed to the first address inputs of the sixth RAM 17 and seventh RAM 18. Each address signal is accompanied by the formation of a thirty-third output of the BSU 40 of the “Read” signal, which is received to the third reading inputs of the sixth RAM 17 and the seventh RAM 18. Simultaneously with each “Read” signal at the thirty-sixth output of the BSU 40, a “Receive” signal is generated, which is fed to the first input of the tenth calculator 28. Thus, the third input of the time characteristics calculator is blunt the output of the seventh memory 18, a number of samples ₂ and B.

After that, BSU 40 at the thirty-seventh output generates a “Start” signal, which is fed to the second start input of the tenth computer 28, which calculates Z _{9 the} duration of the catacrotic phase according to the formula (11):

Z ₉ = t ₂ -a ' ₂ (11)

At the end of the calculation, the signal “End of transformations” appears on the first output of the tenth calculator 28, which goes to the twentieth input of the BSU 40, and the second output of this calculator shows the result of calculating the duration of the catacrotic phase Z ₉ , which goes to the fifth input of the indicator 39.

BSU 40 at the thirty-first output generates address signals ACR = a ₁ and ADR = a ₄ , which are fed to the first address inputs of the sixth RAM 17 and seventh RAM 18. Each address signal is accompanied by the formation on the thirty-third output of the BSU 40 of the “Read” signal, which arrives at the third reading inputs of the sixth RAM 17 and the seventh RAM 18. Simultaneously with each Read signal at the thirty-sixth output, the BSU 40 generates a Read signal, which is fed to the first input of the tenth transmitter 28. Thus, to the third input of the tenth calculator 28 come with you the course of the seventh RAM 18 numbers of samples a ₁ and a ₄ .

After that, the BSU 40 at the thirty-seventh output generates a “Start” signal, which is fed to the second start input of the tenth transmitter 28, which calculates the value of Z ₁₀ characterizing the elasticity of the vessel walls and the conditions of the venous outflow according to the formula (12):

Z ₁₀ = a ₄ -a ₂ (12)

At the end of the calculation, the signal “End of transformations” appears on the first output of the tenth calculator 28, which is fed to the twentieth input of the BSU 40, and the second output of this calculator displays the result of calculating a value characterizing the elasticity of the vessel walls and the conditions of the venous outflow Z ₁₀ , which goes to the fifth indicator input 39.

BSU 40 at the thirty-first output generates an address signal ADR = H ₁ , which is supplied to the first address inputs of the sixth RAM 17 and the seventh RAM 18, as well as to the thirty-third output, the “Read” signal, which receives the third read inputs of the sixth RAM 17 and the seventh RAM 18. Simultaneously with each “Read” signal, the BSU 40 generates a “Receive” signal at the thirty-ninth output of the eleventh calculator 29. The eleventh calculator 29 reads the digital code from the third input received from the output of the sixth RAM 17 and places it in with Oei internal memory.

BSU 40 at the thirty-first output generates address signals ADR = A and ADR = a ₁ , which are fed to the first address inputs of the sixth RAM 17 and the seventh RAM 18. Each address signal is accompanied by the formation of a thirty-third output of the BSU 40 “Read” signal, which is received to the third reading inputs of the sixth RAM 17 and the seventh RAM 18. Simultaneously with each “Read” signal, the thirty-ninth output of the BSU 40 generates a “Receive” signal, which is fed to the first input of the eleventh calculator 29. The eleventh calculator 29 reads the digital code from the fourth about the input received from the output of the seventh RAM 18, and places it in its internal memory.

Thus, in the memory of the eleventh calculator 29 placed the values of H ₁ , a ₁ , A.

After that, the BSU 40 at the thirty-eighth output generates a "Start" signal, which is fed to the second start input of the eleventh calculator 29, which calculates the maximum speed of fast blood supply Z ₁₁ according to the formula (13):

At the end of the calculation, the signal “End of transformations” appears on the first output of the eleventh calculator 29, which is fed to the twenty-first input of the BSU 40, and the second output of this calculator shows the result of the calculation of the maximum speed of fast blood supply Z ₁₁ , which goes to the third input of the indicator 39.

BSU 40 at the thirty-first output generates address signals ADR = H ₁ and ADR = H ₂ , which are fed to the first address inputs of the sixth RAM 17 and seventh RAM 18. Each address signal is accompanied by the formation of the thirty-third output of the BSU 40 of the Read signal, which arrives at the third reading inputs of the sixth RAM 17 and the seventh RAM 18. Simultaneously with each “Read” signal, the thirty-fourth output of the BSU 40 generates a “Receive” signal, which is fed to the first input of the eleventh calculator 29. The eleventh calculator 29 reads digital codes from one third th input received from the output of the sixth memory 17 and places them in its internal memory. BSU 40 at the thirty-first output generates address signals ADR = a ₁ and ADR = a ₂ , which are fed to the first address inputs of the sixth RAM 17 and seventh RAM 18. Each address signal is accompanied by the formation of a thirty-third output of the BSU 40 “Read” signal, which arrives at the third reading inputs of the sixth RAM 17 and the seventh RAM 18. Simultaneously with each “Read” signal, the thirty-sixth output of the BSU 40 generates a “Receive” signal, which is fed to the first input of the eleventh calculator 29. The eleventh calculator 29 reads digital codes from the fourth th input received from the output of the seventh RAM, and places them in its internal memory. Thus, the values of H ₁ , H ₂ , a ₁ , a ₂ are located in the memory of the eleventh calculator 29.

After that, the BSU 40 at the thirty-eighth output generates a "Start" signal, which is fed to the second start input of the eleventh calculator 29, which calculates the speed of slow blood supply Z ₁₂ according to the formula (14):

At the end of the calculation, the signal “End of transformations” appears on the first output of the eleventh calculator 29, which is fed to the twenty-first input of the BSU 40, and at the second output of this calculator, the result of the calculation of the slow blood filling speed Z ₁₂ appears, which goes to the third input of the indicator 39.

BSU 40 at the thirty-first output generates an address signal ADR = H ₂ , which is supplied to the first address inputs of the sixth RAM 17 of the seventh RAM 18, as well as to the thirty-third output of the BSU 40 “Read” signal, which is fed to the third read inputs of the sixth RAM 17 and seventh RAM 18. At the same time, at the thirty-ninth output of the BSU 40 generates a signal "Receive", which is fed to the first input of the eleventh calculator. The eleventh calculator 29 reads from the third input a digital code received from the output of the sixth RAM 17, and places it in its internal memory. BSU 40 at the thirty-first output generates address signals ADR = A and ADR = B, which are fed to the first address inputs of the sixth RAM 17 and seventh RAM 18. Each address signal is accompanied by the formation of a thirty-third output of the BSU 40 of the “Read” signal, which is fed to the third reading inputs of the sixth RAM 17 and the seventh RAM 18. At the same time, the thirty-ninth output of the BSU 40 generates a “Receive” signal each time, which is fed to the first input of the eleventh calculator 29. The eleventh calculator 29 reads a digital code from the fourth input, by tupivshy output from the seventh memory 18, and places it in its internal memory.

Thus, in the memory of the eleventh calculator 29 posted values of H ₂ , A, B.

After that, the BSU 40 at the thirty-eighth output generates a “Start” signal, which is fed to the second start input of the eleventh calculator 29, which calculates the value characterizing the arterial inflow Z ₁₃ according to the formula (15):

Z ₁₃ = H ₂ · (t ₂ -t ₁ ) (fifteen)

At the end of the calculation, the signal “End of transformations” appears on the first output of the eleventh calculator 29, which is fed to the twenty-first input of the BSU 40, and on the second output of this calculator, the result of the calculation of the value characterizing the arterial inflow Z ₁₃ , which goes to the third input of the indicator 39, appears.

BSU 40 at the thirty-first output generates an address signal ADR = H ₂ , which is fed to the first address inputs of the sixth RAM 17 and seventh RAM 18, and also to the thirty-third output is a Read signal, which is fed to the third read inputs of the sixth RAM 17 and seventh RAM 18. At the same time, the BSU 40 generates a “Receive” signal at the thirty-ninth output, which is fed to the first input of the eleventh calculator 29. The eleventh calculator 29 reads from the third input a digital code received from the output of the sixth RAM 17 and places it in its internal pam yati. BSU 40 at the thirty-first output generates address signals ADR = a ₁ and ADR = B, which are fed to the first address inputs of the sixth RAM 17 and seventh RAM 18. Each address signal is accompanied by the formation of the thirty-third output of the BSU 40 “Read” signal, which is received to the third reading inputs of the sixth RAM 17 and the seventh RAM 18. Simultaneously with each “Read” signal, the thirty-ninth output of the BSU 40 generates a “Receive” signal, which is fed to the first input of the eleventh calculator. The eleventh calculator 29 reads from the fourth input a digital code received from the output of the seventh RAM 18, and places it in its internal memory.

Thus, in the memory of the eleventh calculator 29 posted values of H ₂ , a ₁ , Century

After that, the BSU 40 at the thirty-eighth output generates a "Start" signal, which is fed to the second start input of the eleventh calculator 29, which calculates the peripheral resistance index Z ₁₄ according to the formula (16):

At the end of the calculation, the signal “End of transformations” appears on the first output of the eleventh calculator 29, which is fed to the twenty-first input of the BSU 40, and the result of the calculation of the peripheral resistance index Z ₁₄ appears on the second output of this calculator, which goes to the third input of the indicator 39.

BSU 40 at the thirty-first output generates an address signal ADR = H ₂ , which is fed to the first address inputs of the sixth RAM 17 and the seventh RAM 18, as well as to the thirty-third output of the BSU 40 “Read” signal, which is fed to the third read inputs of the sixth RAM 17 and the seventh RAM 18. At the same time, at the thirty-ninth output, the BSU 40 generates a “Receive” signal, which is fed to the first input of the eleventh calculator 29. The eleventh calculator 29 reads from the third input a digital code received from the output of the sixth RAM 17 and places it in inwardly th memory.

BSU 40 at the thirty-first output generates address signals ADR = A, ADR = a ₁ , ADR = a ₂ , ADR = a ₃ , ADR = a ₄ , ADR = B, which are received at the first address inputs of the sixth RAM 17 and seventh RAM 18 Each address signal is accompanied by the formation on the thirty-third output of the “Read” signal, which is fed to the third read inputs of the sixth RAM 17 and the seventh RAM 18. At the same time with each “Read” signal, the thirty-ninth output of the BSU 40 generates a “Receive” signal, which is received to the first input of the eleventh calculator 29. The eleventh calculator reads from even the second input, the digital code received from the output of the seventh RAM 18, and places it in its internal memory.

Thus, in the memory of the eleventh calculator 29 there are values of H ₂ , A, a ₁ , a ₂ , a ₃ , a ₄ , B.

After that, the BSU 40 at the thirty-eighth output generates a “Start” signal, which is fed to the second start input of the eleventh calculator 29, which calculates the outflow speed Z ₁₅ according to the formula (17):

where C is the heart rate; blood supply index, which allows indirectly and relatively to estimate the value of the volumetric blood flow velocity. It is calculated by the formula (18):

At the end of the calculation, the signal “End of conversions” appears on the first output of the eleventh calculator 29, which is fed to the twenty-first input of the BSU 40, and the result of the calculation of the outflow speed Z ₁₅ appears on the second output of this calculator, which goes to the third input of the indicator 39.

BSU 40 at the thirty-first output generates address signals ADR = A, ADR = a ₃ , ADR = a ₄ , ADR = B, which are received at the first address inputs of the sixth RAM 17 and seventh RAM 18. Each address signal is accompanied by the formation of the thirty-third output the Read signal, which is fed to the third reading inputs of the sixth RAM 17 and the seventh RAM 18. At the same time as each Read signal, the thirty-ninth output of the BSU 40 generates a Receive signal, which is fed to the first input of the eleventh calculator 29. The eleventh calculator 29 reads from the fourth input and the digital code received from the output of the seventh RAM 18, and places it in its internal memory.

Thus, in the memory of the calculator of the amplitude-time characteristics, the values A, a ₃ , and ₄ , B are located.

After that, the BSU 40 at the thirty-eighth output generates a “Start” signal, which is fed to the second start input of the eleventh calculator 29, which calculates the ratio Z _{16 of the} areas of the pulse curve in terms of time from a ₄ to t ₂ and from t ₁ to a ₃ formula (19):

Upon completion of the calculation, the signal “End of transformations” appears on the first output of the eleventh calculator 29, which is fed to the twenty-first input of the BSU 40, and at the second output of this calculator, the result of the calculation of the ratio of the areas of the individual phases Z ₁₆ appears, which goes to the third input of the indicator 39.

The technical implementation of the proposed device multicomponent diagnosis of human heart activity by pulse does not cause practical difficulties, because circuit elements are standard, widely used and quite fully described in the reference literature, including the following.

In the block filling blood conversion is used, for example, an optocoupler type AOD-111A [3];

the spectrum analyzer may be a set of narrow-band low-pass filters [7];

switch, type MAX 358 [7];

phasometer, type Ф2-1 [10];

the clock generator is a multivibrator, on the elements of LT1056 [9]; K155LN1 and K565RU6 [11];

counter, on the elements: IE9, K155IE7; K155IE6 [11];

a comparator in the form of an operational amplifier, type LM111 [7, 12];

voltage reference sources, type MAX730A [9, 13];

logical element OR NOT, type K 155 LEZ [11];

a multiplier, such as MPY24HJ [9, 12];

one-shot waiting [8];

logical element NOT, type K155LN2 [12];

threshold device [11];

synchronization and control unit (BSU) [3];

text-digital indicator (monitor) [12];

analog-to-digital converter on the K1113PV1 chip [7, 8];

random access memory on chips K573RF2 [7, 8];

indicator, on LED assemblies ALS324B [7, 8], through the input / output port K580IK55 a dynamic indication unit is connected;

a calculator based on a microprocessor kit K580;

system controller based on K580IK28 [7, 8, 11, 12].

Information sources

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2. Bala Yu.M., Glotov N.F. et al. Atlas of Practical Phonocardiography. Voronezh, 1979, 64 p.

3. Patent No. 2003279. Device for determining blood pressure. Patentee Klimashov B.M., Burochkin I.V. Application No. 4918853, priority dated January 22, 1991, registration date November 30, 1993 (prototype).

4. Logvinov B.C. Diagnostic method for parameters of oscillatory and wave processes in the cardiovascular system // Pulse diagnostics of Tibetan medicine. Novosibirsk: Science. 1988. - S.90-108.

5. Kaevitser I.M., Paleev N.R. Graphic methods for the study of the pulse // Cardiology. - 1975. - T.15, N 6. - C.150-155.

6. Functional methods for the study of the cardiovascular system. Teaching aid // O.V. Aleksandrova. - M., 1980 .-- 124 p.

7. Lenk D. 500 practical schemes for popular IP: Per. from English - M .: DMK Press 2001 .-- 448 p.

8. The use of integrated circuits in electronic computing - Reference book / R.V. Danilov, S.A. Eltsova, Yu.P. Ivanov and others; Ed. B.N. Fayzulaeva, B.V. Tarabrina. - M .: Radio and communication, 1986. - 384 p.

9. Maxim Integrated Products. - USA 120 Sun Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA, 1996.

10. Polulyakh K.S. Electronic measuring instruments. - M .: Higher school. - 1966. - 400 p.

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Claims (1)

A device for multicomponent diagnostics of human heart activity by pulse, comprising a blood supply conversion unit, a first threshold device, an analog-to-digital converter, a first clock pulse generator, a counter, a synchronization and control unit, a first random access memory device, the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth calculators, an indicator, characterized in that a second clock generator, a second threshold device, an analog-to-digital conversion are introduced into it holder, first counter, second counter, third counter, fourth counter, second random access memory, third random access memory, fourth random access memory, fifth random access memory, sixth random access memory, seventh random access memory, ninth calculator, tenth calculator, eleventh calculator, twelfth calculator, thirteenth calculator, first switch, second switch, encoder, threshold device block, phase p, differentiation unit, comparison unit, spectrum analyzer, while the blood supply conversion unit is connected to the inputs of the first threshold device, an analog-to-digital converter and spectrum analyzer, the output of the first threshold device is connected to the input of the first clock generator and the first input of the synchronization and control unit, the output of the first clock generator is connected to the input of the second clock generator, the second input of the analog-to-digital converter and the first counter, the first you One analog-to-digital converter is connected to the second input of the synchronization and control unit, the second output of the analog-to-digital converter is connected to the first input of the first random access memory, the output of the second clock is connected to the input of the second counter, the output of which is connected to the first input of the first switch and the thirteenth the input of the synchronization and control unit, and the output of the first memory device is connected to the second inputs of the third computer, the sixth computer, bl differentiation, the first inputs of the fourth computer, the seventh computer, the fourth input of the sixth random access memory and the seventh indicator input, the output of the first counter is connected to the first inputs of the first computer and the second computer, as well as to the third input of the synchronization and control unit, the fifth output of which is connected with the second input of the first computer, the sixth output of the synchronization and control unit is connected to the third input of the second computer, the seventh output of the synchronization and control unit is single with the third input of the third computer, the eighth output of the synchronization and control unit is connected to the fourth input of the computer, the ninth output of the synchronization and control unit is connected to the third input of the fifth computer, the tenth output of the synchronization and control unit is connected to the third input of the sixth computer, the eleventh output of the synchronization unit and the control is connected to the fourth input of the sixth calculator, the twelfth output of the synchronization and control unit is connected to the third input of the eighth calculator, twenty-six the output of the synchronization and control unit is connected to the first input of the differentiation unit, the twenty-seventh output of the synchronization and control unit is connected to the first input of the fifth random access memory, the twenty-eighth output of the synchronization and control unit is connected to the second input of the fifth random access memory, the twenty-ninth output of the synchronization unit and the control is connected to the first input of the comparison unit, the thirteenth output of the synchronization and control unit is connected to the input of the fourth counter, the output to is connected to the fourth input of the seventh random access memory and the sixth indicator input, the output of the seventh random access memory is connected to the third input of the tenth calculator and the fourth input of the eleventh calculator, the fourth input of the first random access memory is connected to the third output of the synchronization and control unit, the fourth input of the first operational the storage device is connected to the third output of the synchronization and control unit, the third input of the first another device is connected to the second output of the synchronization and control unit, the second input of the first memory device is connected to the first output of the synchronization and control unit, the output of the spectrum analyzer is connected to the second inputs of the first switch, the second switch and the input of the threshold device unit, the output of which is connected to the input of the encoder the output of which is connected to the third input of the second random access memory, the first input of which is connected to the thirteenth output of the synchronization unit and equalization, and the second input of the second random access memory is connected to the fourteenth output of the synchronization and control unit, the output of the second random access memory is connected to the first input of the second switch, and the output of the first switch is connected to the first input of the phase meter and the second input of the second analog-to-digital converter, the twentieth output the synchronization and control unit is connected to the first input of the second analog-to-digital converter, the first output of which is connected to the fifteenth input of the sync block onization and control, and the second output is connected to the fourth input of the fourth random access memory, the first, second and third inputs of which are connected respectively to the twenty first, twenty second and twenty-third outputs of the synchronization and control unit, and the output of the fourth random access memory is connected to the third input the twelfth computer, the first input of which is connected to the twenty-fourth output of the synchronization and control unit, and the second input is connected to the twenty-fifth output of the synchronization unit control and control, the first output of the twelfth computer is connected to the sixteenth input of the synchronization and control unit, and the second output of the twelfth computer is connected to the second input of the indicator, the first output of the first computer is connected to the fourth input of the synchronization and control unit, and the second output of the first computer is connected to the fifth input synchronization and control unit, with the second input of the second computer and the first input of the third computer, the first output of which is connected to the seventh input of the synchronization and control unit phenomena, the second output of the third computer is connected to the first input of the fifth computer, the first output of which is connected to the ninth input of the synchronization and control unit, and the second output of the computer is connected to the ninth input of the indicator, the second and third inputs of the fourth computer are connected to the seventh and eighth outputs of the synchronization unit and control, the first output of the second computer is connected to the sixth input of the synchronization and control unit, and the second output of the second computer is connected to the first input of the sixth computer , the first output of the fourth computer is connected to the eighth input of the synchronization and control unit, and the second output of the fourth computer is connected to the second input of the fifth computer, the second and third inputs of the seventh computer are connected respectively to the tenth and eleventh outputs of the synchronization and control unit, and the first output of the sixth computer is connected with the tenth input of the synchronization and control unit, and the second output of the sixth computer is connected to the first input of the eighth computer, the second input of which is connected to the second output the house of the seventh calculator, the first output of which is connected to the eleventh input of the synchronization and control unit, the first output of the eighth calculator is connected to the twelfth input of the synchronization and control unit, and the second output of the eighth calculator is connected to the eighth input of the indicator, the first output of the differentiation unit is connected to the seventeenth input of the synchronization unit and control, and the second output of the differentiation unit is connected to the third input of the fifth random access memory and to the third input of the comparison unit, the second the input of which is connected to the output of the fifth random access memory, the first and second outputs of the comparison unit are connected respectively to the seventeenth and eighteenth input of the synchronization and control unit, the output of the second switch is connected to the second input of the phase meter, the output of which is connected to the second threshold device and the third counter connected in series, the output of which is connected to the fourth input of the third random access memory, the first, second and third inputs of which are connected respectively but with the fifteenth, sixteenth and seventeenth outputs of the synchronization and control unit, and the output of the third random access memory is connected to the third input of the thirteenth computer, the first output of the thirteenth computer is connected to the fourteenth input of the synchronization and control unit, and the second output of the thirteenth computer is connected to the first input of the indicator, the first and second inputs of the thirteenth calculator are connected respectively to the eighteenth and nineteenth outputs of the synchronization and control unit, the first and second the swarm inputs of the eleventh calculator are connected respectively to the thirty-ninth and thirty-eighth outputs of the synchronization and control unit, the twenty-first input of which is connected to the first output of the eleventh calculator, the third input of which is connected to the output of the sixth random access memory and the third input of the ninth calculator, the first and second inputs of which connected respectively to the thirty-fourth and thirty-fifth outputs of the synchronization and control unit, the first output of the ninth computer is connected to the nineteenth input of the synchronization and control unit, and the second output of the ninth calculator is connected to the fourth input of the indicator, the thirty-first, thirty-second and thirty-third outputs of the synchronization and control unit are connected to the first, second and third inputs of the sixth random access memory and the seventh random access memory, the thirty-sixth and thirty-seventh outputs of the synchronization and control unit are connected respectively to the first and second inputs of the tenth computer, the first you od which is connected to the twentieth input of synchronization and control, the second outputs of the tenth and eleventh calculator calculator connected respectively to the third and fifth inputs of the indicator.

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