RU2307763C2 - Method of control of airship and convertible airship for realization of this method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: control of airships.

SUBSTANCE: control of convertible airship includes control of engines and control of airship motion parameters from control centers found in nose and aft sections which are secured to airship envelope from below. Airship is rotated in vertical and/or horizontal planes. Convertible airship has ellipsoidal rigid envelope filled with carrier gas, engines with screw propellers, similar nacelles with main and stand-by control centers arranged respectively in nose and aft sections; they are secured to envelope from below; provision is made for change of functions. Airship is provided with fixed cruciform brackets at tips of nose and aft sections and reversible engines with screw propellers mounted on cross-pieces of said brackets.

EFFECT: enhanced reliability of airship control.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of aeronautics.

State of the art

From [1, 2, 3, 4] airships are known. All of them have screw propellers and aerodynamic rudders of course and altitude, which work due to the energy of incoming air flows. For all of them, rotation in the vertical or horizontal plane is carried out by the following sequence of actions [1, 2, 3]:

- give the airship speed at which the rudders work efficiently;

- turn the rudders of the course or altitude, which turn the airship due to the energy of incoming air flows;

- monitor the value of the angle of rotation of the airship;

- when the angle of rotation of the airship reaches the desired value, the rudders are set to the initial position.

At zero speed of the airship relative to the surrounding air and with significant inertia of the airship, the turn time, especially at an angle of more than 90 °, and its path may be unacceptably large. Almost all airships cannot be moved “in reverse” - stern forward, because while its aerodynamic design from static becomes astatic, i.e. unstable. Changes in the direction of movement by 180 ° according to the classical method described above are made in the longest time and along the longest path.

The airship [4] has the shape of a sphere and retains the degree of astatism of the aerodynamic scheme when changing the direction of movement up to 180 °, but such schemes have zero stability margin. In addition, the control of the airship is carried out by issuing commands and instructions from the control center on the ground to the actuators on board through a transceiver located in the center of mass of the device. Therefore, the area of controlled flight is limited by the hemispherical solid angle and the range of visibility of the axis of rotation of the apparatus with axial symmetry from the ground, which in modern location systems does not exceed several kilometers.

The device [3] for the greatest number of signs coincides with the invention, therefore, it is accepted as the closest analogue.

Disclosure of invention

The essence of the proposed method of controlling the airship is to implement the turns of the airship in the vertical and / or horizontal planes by exchanging the functions of the bow and stern of the airship while maintaining the stability of the aerodynamic configuration.

The essence of a reversible airship is its symmetry, relative to the vertical axis Z, passing through its center of gravity (see Figure 1 and Figure 2). Moreover, at the ends of the bow and stern parts of the shell 1, it is equipped with reversible engines with screw propellers 2 and 3, placed in pairs at the ends of the cross-shaped brackets 4, which consist of vertical and horizontal rungs. The control center on the nose 5 is the main one with the ability to become a backup. The control center at the stern 6 is reserve with the ability to become the main one.

The claimed invention solves the following problems:

- increase the controllability and stability of the airship;

- the exclusion of additional movement of the center of gravity of the airship in space with horizontal and vertical rotation and the corresponding economy of the operation of actuators;

- improving the reliability of management.

Description of the invention

The proposed method of controlling a reversible airship is as follows.

When you turn the airship at an angle of less than 90 °:

- turn on the engines 2 and 3, located in the vertical or horizontal plane, on one crossbar of the cross-shaped bracket 4 - counter, on the same longitudinal line - along the way. The direction of rotation of the screws is set so that the airship rotates around the center of gravity in a given direction. Changing the direction of rotation is performed by reverse engine;

- monitor the change in the angle of rotation;

- when the angle of rotation reaches the desired value, turn off the engines 2 and 3.

When turning an angle of more than 90 °:

- the function of the stern is changed to the function of the nose, and the function of the nose is changed to the function of the stern;

- the control center on the bow 5 make backup, and the control center on the stern 6 do the main;

- turn on the engines 2 and 3, located in the vertical or horizontal plane, on one crossbar of the cross-shaped bracket 4 - counter, on the same longitudinal line - along the way. The direction of rotation of the screws is set so that the airship rotates around the center of gravity in the direction opposite to the specified direction. Changing the direction of rotation is performed by reverse engine;

- monitor the change in the angle of rotation;

- when the angle of rotation reaches a value equal to the difference between the desired value and the value of 180 °, the engines are turned off.

When turning through an angle of 180 ° or turning on the "reverse":

- the function of the stern is changed to the function of the nose, and the function of the nose is changed to the function of the stern,

- the control center on the bow 5 make backup, and the control center on the stern 6 do the main.

The design of a reversible airship includes the identity and axial symmetry of the bow and stern of the airship and their reversibility - the ability to give them the functions of either the bow or stern. The bearing shell of the reversible airship 1 is made in the form of an ellipsoid with a long longitudinal axis of the “feed-nose” and relatively short transverse and vertical axes (see Figure 1, Figure 2). The bow and stern of the bearing shell 1 of the airship are symmetrical about the vertical axis Z passing through its center of gravity. At the ends of the bow and stern, cruciform brackets 4 are installed having vertical and horizontal crossbars of the same length. At the ends of the crossbars, the same reversible motors with the same screw drives 2 and 3 are installed. In this case, the drives 2 located at the ends of the vertical bars are used for turns in the vertical plane, and the drives 3 located at the ends of the horizontal bars are used for turns in the horizontal plane. The bow and stern gondolas are attached from below to the shell. In the nasal gondola is placed the main control center 5, with the ability to become a backup. A backup control center 6 is placed in the aft gondola, with the possibility of becoming the main one. Movers 2 and 3 and the nacelles are placed symmetrically about the Z axis passing through the center of gravity of the airship.

A brief description of the drawings.

The figure 1 shows the frontal (longitudinal) projection of a reversible airship.

The figure 2 shows a profile (transverse) projection of a reversible airship.

The implementation of the invention.

Let the airship stand relative to the surrounding air or move uniformly and progressively. Then the proposed control of a reversible airship is as follows.

When turning at an angle of less than 90 °:

- turn on the engines 2 and 3, located in the vertical or horizontal plane, on one crossbar of the cross-shaped bracket 4 - counter, on the same longitudinal line - along the way. The direction of rotation of the screws is set so that the airship rotates around the center of gravity in a given direction. Changing the direction of rotation is performed by reverse engine;

- monitor the change in the angle of rotation;

- when the angle of rotation reaches the desired value, the engines are turned off.

This eliminates the phase of additional acceleration of the airship and excludes the additional movement of its center in space, so the rotation is faster and more economical than that of counterparts.

When turning an angle of more than 90 °:

- change the stern function to the nose function, and the nose function to the stern function;

- the control center on the bow 5 make backup, and the control center on the stern 6 do the main.

- turn on the engines 2 and 3, located in the vertical or horizontal plane, on one crossbar of the cross-shaped bracket 4 - counter, on the same longitudinal line - along the way. The direction of rotation of the screws is set so that the airship rotates around the center of gravity in the direction opposite to the specified direction. Changing the direction of rotation is performed by reverse engine;

- monitor the change in the angle of rotation;

- when the angle of rotation reaches a value equal to the difference between the desired value and a value of 180 °, the engines are turned off.

When turning through an angle of 180 ° or turning on the "reverse":

- the function of the stern is changed to the function of the nose, and the function of the nose is changed to the function of the stern,

- the control center on the bow 5 make backup, and the control center on the stern 6 do the main.

In the last two cases, due to the almost instantaneous reversal of the bow, stern and control centers functions and the actual rotation by an angle whose absolute value is less than 90 °, an additional gain in turning speed is obtained.

The carrier shell of a reversible airship 1 is of a rigid type and is filled with hydrogen or helium. It is made of sheet composite material in the form of an ellipsoid with a long longitudinal axis of the “feed-feed” and relatively short transverse and vertical axes (see Figure 1, Figure 2). The bow and stern of the bearing shell 1 of the airship are symmetrical about the vertical axis Z passing through its center of gravity. At the ends of the bow and stern, cruciform brackets 4 are installed, having vertical and horizontal crossbars of the same length and made of composite material. At the ends of the crossbars the same reversible motors are installed, for example electric, with the same screw drives 2 and 3. The drives 2, located at the ends of the vertical crossbars and turned on in the opposite direction, are used for turns in the vertical plane. Movers 3, located at the ends of horizontal bars and included in the opposite, are used for turns in the horizontal plane. The passing inclusion of all engines leads to the forward movement of the airship. Simultaneous reverse of all engines leads to a change in direction of movement. Beneath the shell are attached bow and stern gondolas made of composite materials in which identical control centers 5 and 6 are placed. Movers 2 and 3 and gondolas are also placed symmetrically with respect to the vertical axis Z passing through the center of gravity of the airship. The main control center 5 with the ability to become a backup is located in the gondola on the bow. The backup control center 6 with the ability to become the main one is located in the gondola at the stern.

Improving the reliability of a reversible airship and controlling it is achieved by duplicating control centers and executive engines.

Information sources

1. UDC 629.73 (09) Boyko Yu.S., Turyan V.A. The blue dream of centuries. - M.: Engineering, 1991.128 s., Ill. ISBN 5-217-01369-9.

2. Patent RU 2003596 C1 (Luftschifbau Zepellin GmbH), 10.30.1993.

3. USA patent 1648630 (Ralph H. Upson), 1927.

4. Patent JP 6278696 A (SKY PIA KK), 10/04/1994.

Claims (2)

1. The method of controlling the airship, including controlling engines, monitoring the movement parameters of the airship from control centers in the bow and stern, which are configured to change functions and are attached to the bottom of the airship shell, characterized in that they use reversible engines with screw propellers mounted on the crossbars fixed cruciform brackets at the ends of the bow and stern, while creating the rotation of the airship in the vertical and / or horizontal plane. 2. A reversible airship having a rigid shell in the form of an ellipsoid with a carrier gas, engines with screw propellers, identical nacelles with the main and backup control centers, respectively, in the bow and stern parts of the airship, which are attached from below to the shell and are designed to exchange functions, characterized in that it is equipped with fixed cruciform brackets at the ends of the bow and stern parts, has reversible engines with screw propellers, which are mounted on the crossbars of said bracket new.

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