RU2305186C1 - Deformation meter for monitoring mode of deformation in block structures of geosphere - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining industry, possible use for monitoring mode of deformation in block structures of geosphere.

SUBSTANCE: deformation meter contains basic probe, at least one measuring probe, interconnected in immoveable manner by bars and pipeline of energy carrier, and controller connected to electric able of measuring probe. Basic probe consists of body and immobile spreader unit with supporting legs, and measuring probe consists of body, spreader unit with supporting legs and measuring device. Body of measuring probe is made collapsible and consisting of force and device branch pipes, its spreader unit is made mobile and positioned in force branch pipe, and measuring device is positioned in device branch pipe. As measuring device, a raster movement indicator with mobile tip is used. Moveable spreader unit is equipped with guiding rod, and force branch pipe is equipped with guiding bushing, in which immoveable board is fastened with a holding socket for mounting the moveable spreader unit in middle position. Guiding rod of moveable spreader unit is let through a guiding bushing and is in constant contact with mobile tip of raster movement indicator.

EFFECT: increased precision of deformation measurement due to removal of radial and axial gaps in units and parts of deformation meter and moveable realization of spreader unit of measuring probe; increased precision when evaluating mode of deformation of rock massif due to possible recording of sign-alternating deviations of rock massif blocks.

4 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mining and can be used to control the stress-strain state (VAT) in block structures of the geosphere.

A device for measuring strain in wells according to ed. St. USSR No. 587254, Е21С 39/00, publ. in BI No. 1, 1978, including measuring transducers with strain gauges, a master fixture, a thrust mechanism, and a supply cable. Measuring transducers are made in the form of brackets, which are fastened by means of pins to the master fixture and oriented in pairs towards one another.

This device has a complex structure, which complicates its assembly, installation in the well, maintenance, which leads to low reliability of the device and, as a result, reduces the accuracy of the measurements.

The use of strain gauges in the design does not provide the necessary contact during measurements, which also reduces the accuracy of the measurements.

The closest in technical essence and the set of essential features is a strain meter for controlling VAT in block structures of the geosphere according to RF patent No. 2097558, Е21С 39/00, publ. in BI No. 33, 1997, including the housing and the rod installed in it, radiation sources and receiver, and spacer assembly. According to the technical solution, the housing is mounted movably relative to the rod, the rod is provided with side holes, each radiation source is placed inside the rod opposite the side hole, the radiation receiver is made in the form of linearly sensitive elements equipped with an electronic output and mounted in the housing opposite the side holes of the rod. The spacer assembly consists of a support element, an eccentric with a spring and a movable rod with a hinge at each end passing through the support element and the housing parallel to the rod. The eccentric is installed in the support element, which is rigidly attached to the housing.

During the drilling process, the wells break up and their actual diameters differ from the nominal ones, and therefore the fastening of the strainmeter body in the well with the help of an eccentric is unreliable, which reduces the accuracy of the measurements. The design is difficult to configure and has radial backlashes, which reduces the reliability of the device and, as a result, reduces the accuracy of measurements and complicates the assessment of the VAT array based on the information received.

The technical problem solved by the proposed deformometer is to increase the efficiency of its work due to:

- improving the accuracy of strain measurements by eliminating radial and axial backlash in the nodes and details of the strainmeter and making the spacer node of the measuring probe movable;

- improving the accuracy of estimating the VAT of the massif by the possibility of registering alternating deviations of the blocks of the massif.

The problem is solved in that in the strain gauge for monitoring the VAT of the block structures of the geosphere containing the base probe, at least one measuring probe connected by the rods motionless and the energy carrier pipe, and the controller connected to the measuring probes by an electric cable, while the basic probe consists of a housing and fixed spacing unit with support legs, and the measuring probe is from the housing, the spacing unit with support legs and the meter, according to the technical solution, the body of the measuring probe is made detachable and it is made up of power and instrument nozzles, and the spacing unit of the measuring probe is made movable and placed in the power nozzle, and the meter, which is used as a raster displacement sensor with a movable tip, is in the instrument nozzle. The movable spacer unit is provided with a guide rod, and the power pipe is equipped with a guide sleeve in which a fixed plate with a fixing socket is fixed for installing the movable spacer unit in the middle position. The guide rod of the movable spacer unit is passed through the guide sleeve and is constantly in contact with the movable tip of the raster displacement sensor.

The execution of the housing of the measuring probe is detachable, consisting of power and instrument pipes, and the placement of the spacer unit in the power pipe, and the meter in the instrument pipe, makes the design universal, in which the power and instrument parts are separated. This simplifies the design and allows the use of sensors of any kind for measurements. At the same time, the assembly of these pipes is greatly simplified, the general assembly is reduced to their simplest connection and does not require special adjustment, which increases the reliability of the structure and simplifies its maintenance.

Implementation of the spacing unit of the measuring probe movable and supplying it with a guide rod, and the power pipe with a guide sleeve, allows you to center the position of the spacer unit in the body of the power pipe, which eliminates radial and axial play, increasing the accuracy of measurements.

The implementation of the meter in the form of a raster displacement sensor also improves the accuracy of measurements. Its interaction with the guide rod of the movable spacer unit occurs due to some movement of the movable tip of the specified sensor, while ensuring reliable constant contact with the movable spacer unit, which also increases the reliability of the strainmeter. A power pipe with a guide sleeve in which a fixed bar with a fixing socket is fixed for installing a movable spacer unit in the middle position makes it possible to register the direction of deviations of the blocks relative to the average position of the movable spacer unit from dynamic effects in the rock mass, which increases the accuracy of estimating its VAT.

It is advisable to support the legs of these spacer units with spherical heads, which facilitates the movement of the strainmeter in the well during installation and dismantling due to the small contact area of the rubbing surfaces, simplifying the maintenance of the strainmeter.

It is advisable to connect these probes with rods along conical surfaces to ensure overall structural rigidity and eliminate axial backlash, which also increases the reliability of the work and, as a result, the accuracy of the measurements.

It is also advisable that the housings of these probes and rods be made of fiberglass, and the guide rod of the movable spacer unit, the guide sleeve of the power pipe is made of carbon fiber. This reduces the weight of the structure and increases corrosion resistance, which increases the duration of operation and simplifies maintenance.

The essence of the technical solution is illustrated by an example of a specific design and drawings, which show:

figure 1 - layout of the strain gauge in the well;

figure 2 - design of the measuring probe (longitudinal section);

figure 3 is a section aa in figure 2;

4 is a General view of a movable spacer unit of the measuring probe;

5 is a section bB in figure 4;

6 is a General view of the base probe (longitudinal section);

Fig.7 - the position of the base probe in the well (cross section);

Fig.8 is a longitudinal section of a connecting rod.

A strain gauge for monitoring VAT in block structures of the geosphere (hereinafter referred to as a strain gauge) consists of a base probe 1 (Fig. 1) and at least one measuring probe 2, interconnected by rods 3 motionless, inside which an energy carrier pipe 4 is passed, connecting the spacers probe nodes 1 and 2 with a source 5 of energy. A cable 6 connected to the input of controller 7 is passed through rods 3 and probes 1, 2. Power is supplied to controller 7. Information is taken directly from the output of the controller 7, or transmitted by electronic devices to a computer (not shown in Fig. 1).

The VAT control in the block structures of the geosphere is performed by a measuring probe 2 (Fig. 2), which consists of a power pipe 8 and an instrument pipe 9. In the housing of the power pipe 8, longitudinal grooves (not shown in Fig. 2) are made for axial movement of the movable spacer node 10. Due to the fixed bar 11, mounted in the guide sleeve 12, the movable spacer unit 10 can be installed in the middle position due to the locking socket (not shown in figure 2) on the fixed bar 11. The guide sleeve 12 is fixed in force tion pipe 8.

In the instrument pipe 9 a meter is installed, made in the form of a raster sensor 13 movements. Power 8 and instrument 9 nozzles are connected in one collapsible housing using a sleeve 14 of carbon fiber. The sleeve 14 at the end has a thread with which it is installed on the instrument pipe 9. At its other end there are holes (not shown in FIG. 2) for fastening the sleeve 14 with screws on the power pipe 8. The internal cavity of the power pipe 8 is protected from dirt ingress by the shell 15, which is installed with the possibility of movement together with the movable spacer unit 10 and closes the longitudinal grooves of the power pipe 8. In the shell 15 holes are made through which the support legs 16 (Fig. 3) of the movable spacer unit 10 for Shell lining 15.

At the ends of the measuring probe 2 there are placed tips 17, 18 (FIG. 2) for connection with the rods 3, and the tips 17,18 are connected to the measuring probes 2 and the base probe 1 with a thread on the glue. The connecting surfaces of the tips 17,18 are made conical for a backlash-free connection. The free end of the tip 17 of the power pipe 8 is threaded, the free end of the tip 18 of the device pipe 9 has a nut (pos. Not indicated). The connection of the respective ends of the probes 1, 2 and the rod 3 provides a tight, backlash-free connection.

The mounting of the measuring probes 2 in the well is carried out by means of a movable spacer assembly 10, which consists of a housing 19 (FIG. 4), a brass sleeve 20 (FIG. 5) pressed into it, and a piston 21 with a rod. The length of the rod is such that it, due to the recession of the piston 21 into the housing 19, provides for the assembly of the assembled movable spacer assembly 10 in the power pipe 8, and to fix the specified assembly 10 in the well, a stop 22 is put on the rod with a spherical stop surface fixed by a screw. The housing 19 (figure 5) is single-acting, due to the spring 23, the movable spacer assembly 10 in the well is unclenched.

Inside the spring 23 of the piston 21, the spring 24 of the retainer 25 is placed, while the retainer 25 is passed through the cover (pos. Not indicated) of the housing 19 and, when the piston 21 is moved downward, provides a fixed fastening of the movable spacer assembly 10 in the power pipe 8 due to the fixing socket (pos. not indicated) on the fixed bar 11.

To eliminate the backlash and to center the movable spacer unit 10 in the power pipe 8, a guide rod 26 (Fig. 4) of carbon fiber is screwed into the housing 19 of the movable spacer unit 10. In the housing 19 of the node 10 is made through holes for sequential supply of energy through the fitting 27.

To fix the strainmeter in the well relative to the selected reference block, a base probe 1 was introduced, consisting of a housing 28 (Fig. 6), a fixed spacer assembly 29, which is similar in design to the movable spacer assembly 10 of the measurement probes 2, but does not have a latch 25, a guide rod 26 , guide sleeve 12 with a fixed bar 11 and a locking socket. Thanks to the holes in the housing 28, the spacer assembly 29 is fixedly mounted. At one end of the housing 28, a tip 30 is fixed for connection with the rod 3, and a plug 31 is installed at its other end. The energy is supplied through a tube (pos. Not indicated) and fitting 32 (Fig. 6).

The installation and centering of the probe 1 in the well is carried out using the support legs 16. To eliminate the self-unscrewing of the legs 16 when moving the probes 1, 2, a spring clip 33 is used (Fig. 7).

The measuring probes 2 and the base probe 1 are connected by rods 3, which are fiberglass tubes 34 (Fig. 8) with threaded ends, onto which glued tips 35 are threaded at one end and at the other end, tips 36 with nuts 37 and a locking ring 38 The connection of the rods 3 with the probes 1, 2 and with each other produce on conical surfaces. For the tip 35 with external thread, the landing conical surface is internal, for the tip 36 with nut 37, the landing conical surface is external. The presence of tapered seating surfaces provides a reliable, rigid, backlash-free connection.

Deformometer works as follows.

To start the strainmeter into operation, it is mounted in the well in separate parts with the connection of the introduced parts to each other with their constant advancement into the well. First, the location of the base probe 1 in the block of the rock mass with conditionally accepted (relative) zero movement (in the reference block) is determined by the length of the well.

A base probe 1 (FIG. 1) with a rod 3 is inserted into the well. For this, an energy carrier tube is connected to the nozzle 32 (FIG. 6), then its second end is passed through the rod 3, one end of which with the help of the tip 36, nuts 37 (FIG. .8) connected to the tip 30 of the base probe 1 and connected to the source 5 (figure 1) of the energy source. Then turn on this source 5. The piston with the rod 21 of the stationary spacer unit 29 (FIG. 6) is recessed, and the base probe 1 (FIG. 1) with the rod 3 is introduced into the well. The assembled part of the structure is moved inside the well to a depth that allows the next part of the structure to be attached to its free end.

With subsequent connections of the next structures in the measuring probe 2, the movable spacer assembly 10 (Fig. 2) is installed using the lock 25 (Fig. 5) in the middle position of the power pipe 8 (Fig. 2) in the fixing socket of the fixed bar 11 (Fig. 2) fixed in the guide sleeve 12 (figure 2) of the power pipe 8. For further movement into the borehole of the structure, the piston 21 with the stop 22 is pressed from the borehole wall, simultaneously compress the spring 24 of the retainer 25 (figure 5) and the movable spacer assembly 10 is pressed by the retainer 25 to the fixed bar 11 (figure 2). The movable spacer assembly 10 is firmly held against movement, and the entire structure can be moved inside the well during installation or dismantling.

During the attachment of the structure, the energy source 5 is turned off. For further movement of the connected part, the energy source 5 is again turned on and the entire structure is moved deep into the well and so on until the strainmeter is fully installed. The base probe 1 is installed in the reference block, and the measuring probes 2 are installed in the relatively mobile blocks of the geosphere. The base probe 1 (Fig. 1), the rod 3, the power pipe 8, the instrument pipe 9 of the measuring probe 2 (Fig. 2) form a stationary system, with respect to which the movable spacer assembly 10 (Fig. 2) of the measuring probe 2 moves from the deformation of the well walls .

After installation in the reference unit, the base probe 1 (Fig. 1) in the well is fixed motionless due to the stationary spacer unit 29 (Fig. 6) installed in the housing 28 having support legs 16 (Fig. 7) and an abutment 22 (Fig. 7) ) The supporting legs 16 of the probe 1 (Fig. 1) are supported on the wall of the well, and its fastening is carried out by an emphasis 22 due to the spring 23 (Fig. 5).

The centering of each measuring probe 2 (Fig. 1) and its expansion in the well are carried out using a movable spacer assembly 10 (Fig. 2), supporting legs 16 (Fig. 3) of which are supported on the walls of the well in relatively movable blocks, and with a movable stop 22 (Fig.3) unload it in the well. The expansion of the node 10 is produced due to a permanent spring 23.

A strain gauge installed in the well is connected to the input connector of the controller 7 (Fig. 1) by electrical connectors, which is connected to a power source (not shown in Fig. 1). A strain gauge fully mounted in the well is ready for use.

Under various dynamic influences, deformations occur in the massifs, which leads geoblocks to alternating movements. The average position of the movable spacer unit 10 in the measuring probe 2 is the zero boundary, relative to which the direction of movement of the blocks (+; -) is determined. When the strainmeter is installed in the well, the latch 25 (Fig. 5) of the movable spacer assembly 10 (Fig. 2) of the measuring probe 2 allows it to move with the walls of the well relative to the zero boundary in the forward or reverse direction. The guide rod 26 (Fig. 4) of the movable spacer assembly 10 is in constant contact with the movable tip of the raster displacement sensor 13 (hereinafter, the sensor 13) of displacements, which also moves and provides information on the VAT of geoblocks. The basis of the strainmeter is the specified sensor 13, which converts the value of linear displacements into an electrical signal. The action of the sensor 13 is based on the amplitude modulation of the light flux when it passes through the interface of two moving relative to each other rasters indicator and measuring rulers. The sensor 13 generates standardized output signals containing information about the magnitude and direction of movements of the geoblocks. The signals from the sensor 13 enter the controller 7 (Fig. 1), where they are converted to standard RS-485 interface signals. The accumulated information can be removed directly from the controller 7, or sent to a computer via a communication line. The strain gauge can operate in manual mode, issuing information periodically, or in automatic mode, issuing information continuously to a computer.

Claims (4)

1. A strain gauge for monitoring the stress-strain state in block structures of the geosphere, containing a base probe, at least one measuring probe connected by the rods motionless and the energy carrier pipe, and a controller connected to the measuring probes by an electric cable, while the base probe consists of a housing and a fixed spacer unit with support legs, and a measuring probe from the housing, a spacer unit with support legs and a meter, characterized in that the body of the measuring probe is detachable and consists of power and instrument nozzles, and the spacing unit of the measuring probe is movable and placed in the power nozzle, and the meter, which is used as a raster displacement sensor with a movable tip, is in the instrument nozzle, while the movable spacer assembly is equipped with a guide rod, and the power a pipe - a guide sleeve in which a fixed bar with a fixing socket is fixed for installing the movable spacer assembly in the middle position, the guide rod of the movable molecular assembly passed through the guide tube and constantly in contact with the movable tip raster displacement sensor. 2. A strain meter according to claim 1, characterized in that the support legs of said spacer units have spherical heads. 3. A strain meter according to claim 1, characterized in that said probes are connected by rods along conical surfaces. 4. Deformometer according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the cases of said probes and rods are made of fiberglass, and the guide rod of the movable spacer unit, the guide sleeve of the power pipe is made of carbon fiber.

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